非謂語動(dòng)詞精講及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1、2013屆高三英語語法要點(diǎn)精講（配最新高考+模擬）專題06 非謂語動(dòng)詞【考綱解讀】非謂語動(dòng)詞是歷年來的考查重點(diǎn)之一，因?yàn)樗鼈兘Y(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，功能繁多，也是考生難于掌握的語法點(diǎn)， 2012年的高考題中考查共有33題之多?？疾橹攸c(diǎn)主要有不定式的完成式、被動(dòng)式、進(jìn)行式、否定結(jié)構(gòu)及省略形式；不定式和分詞作后置定語的區(qū)別；只能接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞和接動(dòng)名詞、不定式有區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞的用法；動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)用法及分詞作為定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)的用法。尤其是作狀語的用法，在非謂語動(dòng)詞的考題中占的比例最大；其次是非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)語和賓語的用法，也占一定的比例。不管怎么考，基本上離不開非謂語動(dòng)詞的基本用法，只是題干的設(shè)置注重了句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜

2、化和語境化。所以做非謂語動(dòng)詞題不僅要理清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，還要理解句子的意思。毋庸置疑，來年高考中，非謂語動(dòng)詞定是一個(gè)考查熱點(diǎn)。 【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】定義：在英語中，不作句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動(dòng)詞，叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。分類：非謂語動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞不定式（the Infinitive）；動(dòng)名詞（the Gerund）；現(xiàn)在分詞（the Present Participle）；過去分詞（the Past Participle）一、動(dòng)詞不定式不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其否定形式是“not to+動(dòng)詞原形”。不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可作主語、

3、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。1.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)意義例句語態(tài)一般to doto be done與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或以后發(fā)生Im glad to see you.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式須用被動(dòng)形式。如：He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.This book is said to have been translated into many languages.進(jìn)行to be doing表示謂語的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行He pretended to be reading

4、a book when I came in.完成to have doneto have been done先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生We seem to have met each other before.完成進(jìn)行to have been doing先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生而又延續(xù)到謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生后He is said to have been studying abroad，but I dont know which country he is studying in.2.不定式的句法功能1）作主語：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分鐘內(nèi)完成這

5、項(xiàng)工作很難。動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，例如上面一句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.2）作表語：Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作就是打掃大廳。3）作賓語：常與不定式作賓語連用的動(dòng)詞有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer，afford，ask，decide，expect，intend，等。如果不定式（賓語）后

6、面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面，如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.馬克思認(rèn)為研究俄國的形勢(shì)很重要。動(dòng)詞不定式在介詞but后面時(shí)，如果介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么這些介詞后的不定式不帶to；否則就要帶to。另外在cant choose but和cant help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如：I have no choice but to stay here.我別無選擇只有待在這兒。動(dòng)詞不定式作動(dòng)詞tell，show，understand，expl

7、ain，teach，learn，advise，discuss等詞的賓語時(shí)，前面常帶疑問詞。即：疑問詞(how，when，where，what，who).+to do。如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他給了我們一些就如何學(xué)英語的建議。 4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：動(dòng)詞不定式作動(dòng)詞feel,hear，see，watch，notice，observe等感官動(dòng)詞以及have,let，make等使役動(dòng)詞后面的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要省略。但如果這些句子變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶to符號(hào)。如：I saw him cross the road.我

8、看到他過了街道。He was seen to cross the road.他被看到過了街道。5）作定語：作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如：There is nothing to worry about.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。如果不定式修飾time, place, way，可以省略介詞：He has no place to live.他沒有住的地方。This is the best way to work out this problem.這是解決這個(gè)問題的最好的辦法。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所

9、修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系：當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：Have you got anything to send （你有什么東西要寄嗎？不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“你”）Have you got anything to be sent （你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”）用不定式作定語的幾種情況不定式表將來I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了幾本書在假期里讀。用來修飾被序數(shù)詞

10、、最高級(jí)或no,all，any等限定的中心詞。如：He was the best man to do the job.他是做這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得金牌的第一個(gè)女人。用于修飾的詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常見的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。如：Do you have the ability to read

11、 and write English 你具備讀、寫英語的能力嗎？6）作狀語表目的He worked day and night to get the money.為了掙錢，他日日夜夜的工作。注意不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：為了省錢，能用的方法都用上了。（×)To save money, every means has been tried.()To save money, he has tried every means.表結(jié)果He arrived late to find the train gone.他來晚了，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車開走了。常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：I

12、 visited him only to find him out.我來拜訪他，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他出去了。表原因They were very sad to hear the news.聽到這個(gè)消息他們非常傷心。表程度Its too dark for us to see anything.天太黑了，我們什么也看不清。The question is simple for him to answer.這道問題對(duì)他來說太容易回答了。作獨(dú)立成分To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked.說實(shí)話，我不喜歡他說話的方式。3.不定式符號(hào)to的保留問題有時(shí)為

13、了避免重復(fù)，可以用to來代替前面的不定式，這種情況常出現(xiàn)在下列動(dòng)詞后：expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try以及be glad/happy；would like/love等后面。如：I havent been to Hong Kong，but I wish to. 我沒去過香港，但我想去。I didnt tell him the news. 我沒有告訴他那消息。Oh，you ought to have.你應(yīng)該告訴他的。4.動(dòng)詞不定式的幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)1）for sb.to do 還是of sb.to do “for+邏輯主語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)

14、稱為不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞可用for或of。當(dāng)形式主語句型中的表語是形容詞，來描述不定式動(dòng)作時(shí)，邏輯主語之前使用for；當(dāng)它描述不定式的邏輯主語，說明其品質(zhì)、特征或?qū)傩詴r(shí)，要用of，常見形容詞有g(shù)ood，nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，honest，kind，polite，careful，cruel，brave，crazy等。2)too . to結(jié)構(gòu)在英語中，“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)表示否定意義，意為“太而不能”。也可用so.that句型來表示，但that從句必須用否定形式。如：Youre too young to understa

15、nd such things.你太小了，還不能理解那些事情。=Youre so yong that you cant understand such things.注意：在下列場(chǎng)合下，too. to結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定意義：某些形容詞與too.to 連用表示肯定意義，too相當(dāng)于very much。這些形容詞多是表示心情的詞和描述性的形容詞。如：ready，glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，eager，thankful，anxious，willing，good，kind，true等。 在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just時(shí)

16、，too.to結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定意義。如：Im only too glad to meet you here again.再次見到你我太高興了。二、動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。1.動(dòng)名詞的形式：否定式：not+動(dòng)名詞1）一般式：Seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)。2）被動(dòng)式：He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀請(qǐng)就來到了晚會(huì)。3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。4）完成被動(dòng)式：He forgot having been taken

17、to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過。5）否定式：not+動(dòng)名詞I regret not following his advice.我后悔沒聽他的勸告。6）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+動(dòng)名詞He suggested our trying it once again.他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮?。His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。2.動(dòng)名詞的句法功能：1）作主語：Reading aloud is very helpful.朗讀是很有好處的。Coll

18、ecting stamps is interesting.集郵很有趣。當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語。Its no use quarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。2）作表語：In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs.在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。3）作賓語：They havent finished building the dam.他們還沒有建好大壩。We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我們必須阻止空氣被污染。注意：動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如上面兩個(gè)例句。此外，動(dòng)名

19、詞作賓語時(shí)，若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則常用形式賓語it，如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid， excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承認(rèn)），deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒險(xiǎn)）, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, t

20、hink of, dream of, be fond of, prevent.(from),keep .from, stop.(from）,protect.from, set about, be engaged in, spend.(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like4）作定語：He cant walk without a walkingstick.他沒有拐杖不能走路。Is there a swimming pool in your sch

21、ool?你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎？5）作同位語：The cave, his hidingplace is secret.那個(gè)山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。三、現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。1.現(xiàn)在分詞的形式否定式：not+現(xiàn)在分詞1）現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語。如：They went to the

22、 park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。Having done his homework, he played basketball.做完作業(yè)，他開始打籃球。2）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。The problem being discussed is very important.正在被討論的問題很重要。Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告訴了好幾遍，這個(gè)淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個(gè)錯(cuò)

23、誤。2.現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能：1）作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)作定語時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞短語作定語放在名詞后。In the following years he worked even harder.在后來的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.正與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長的父親。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句的句法功能，如：in the following years 也可用in the years that followed;the man speaking to the

24、teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher.2）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在這家上演的電影很棒。The present situation is inspiring.當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)鼓舞人心。be+doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，它們的區(qū)別在于be+doing表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行時(shí)，而表示特征時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：如下動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：see, watch, hear, feel, find

25、, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room？你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。4）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 作時(shí)間狀語(While)Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.在工廠工作時(shí)，他是一名先進(jìn)工人。作原因狀語Being a League member, he is a

26、lways helping others.由于是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。作方式狀語，表示伴隨He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他待在家里，又擦又洗。作條件狀語(If)Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。作結(jié)果狀語He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。作目的狀語 He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。作讓步狀語Though

27、raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格 I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.我等汽車時(shí)，一只鳥落到我頭上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.如果時(shí)間允許，我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。有時(shí)也可用with (without

28、)+名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。作獨(dú)立成分 Judging from(by)his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看，他一定是個(gè)演員。Generally speaking, girls are more careful.一般說來，女孩子更細(xì)心。四、過去分詞過去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。過去分詞的句法功能：1.過去分詞作定語Our class went on an organized

29、trip last Monday.上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會(huì)。注意當(dāng)過去分詞是單詞時(shí)，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。過去分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。2.過去分詞作表語The window is broken.窗戶破了。They were frightened at the sad sight.他們對(duì)眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。注意：be+過去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。區(qū)別：T

30、he window is broken.（系表）The window was broken by the boy.（被動(dòng)）有些過去分詞是不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成。如：boiled water（開水）fallen leaves（落葉）newly arrived goods（新到的貨）the risen sun（升起的太陽）the changed world（變了的世界）這類過去分詞有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。3.過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 I heard the song sung s

31、everal times last week.上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。有時(shí)過去分詞作with短語中的賓語補(bǔ)足語：With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他們出去玩去了。4.過去分詞作狀語1）表示原因Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng)，他成為父母的驕傲。2）表示時(shí)間Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了。3）表示條件Given more time, Ill be ab

32、le to do it better.如果給予更多的時(shí)間，我能做得更好。4）表示讓步Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.雖然被告之有危險(xiǎn)，他仍然冒生命危險(xiǎn)去救那個(gè)孩子。Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.心中充滿了希望與恐懼，他走進(jìn)山洞?！究键c(diǎn)詮釋】考點(diǎn)一、考查謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別 英語句子至少應(yīng)該包括主語與謂語兩部分, 而多數(shù)情況下謂語都由動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)。如果對(duì)句子成分劃分不清，把謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞混淆, 做題效果可想而知。要克

33、服這一毛病，關(guān)鍵在于正確判斷、識(shí)別動(dòng)詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語。如： 1. The children (play) _ the violin over there will go on the stage next week. 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出這是一個(gè)簡單句。主語是The children，謂語部分是will go 考點(diǎn)二、考查作狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的辨析 作狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的辨析，即是選擇動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語, 不同的狀語對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的要求不同。 動(dòng)詞不定式主要作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語；現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞主要作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語，兩者不同

34、之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語的動(dòng)作,即它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，雖然它的邏輯主語也是句子的主語，但過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。請(qǐng)看下面例題： 1._tired of Toms all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself. A) To get B) To have got C) Getting D) Have got 一般來說，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下, 逗號(hào)是無力連接兩個(gè)句子的。據(jù)此

35、，首先可以確定 這是一個(gè)簡單句，非謂語動(dòng)詞短語放在句首作狀語。依據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞短語get tired of與其邏輯主語Julia之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，沒有明顯的先后順序，可以斷定應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作原因狀語,即“由于厭倦了Tom只說不做的工作態(tài)度”，故正確答案為C。 考點(diǎn)三、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞邏輯主語的分辨 非謂語動(dòng)詞雖然在句中不作謂語，但仍然有自己邏輯上的主語。歷年各種考試的重點(diǎn)在于正確分辨非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語是什么，兩者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，特別是非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語的時(shí)候。我們知道，當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞放在句首作狀語的時(shí)候，一般來說，它的邏輯主語就是句子的

36、主語，那么，當(dāng)它的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時(shí)，又會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么現(xiàn)象呢？請(qǐng)看下面例題： 1. The last bus (go)_, we had to walk home. 2. Weather (permit)_, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening. 這兩個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞短語的邏輯主語都不是句子的主語，而是分別有它自己的邏輯主語，請(qǐng)?jiān)倏聪旅胬}： 3. The work (finish) _, they may go home. 4. The problem (discuss) _ at the meeting- room now, the

37、 workers had to wait outdoors. 同樣，這兩道題的結(jié)構(gòu)也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系以及非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間性，可以判斷正確答案分別為finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在進(jìn)行)。 考點(diǎn)四、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)的把握 非謂語動(dòng)詞雖然在句中不作謂語，但它仍然具有動(dòng)詞的特征，即可以有自己的主語(邏輯主語),也可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。非謂語動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式都是依據(jù)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式而變化的。一般情況下，如果非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或之后發(fā)生, 就用非謂語動(dòng)詞的一般式或進(jìn)行式

38、(側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)；如果非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，就用非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成式(特別強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后)。非謂語動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)在于正確把握非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例如： _ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him. A) Heard B) Having heard C) Hear D) To hear 依據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞hear與其邏輯主語his friends之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，可以斷定用現(xiàn)在分詞形式來作時(shí)間狀語，再根據(jù)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作“聽說”

39、發(fā)生在主要謂語動(dòng)詞“來”之前，由此判斷應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式(只用作狀語時(shí)使用)，意為“聽說Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都來向他表示祝賀”，故正確答案為B。 考點(diǎn)五、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語時(shí)句式的轉(zhuǎn)變 非謂語動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞）作主語主要考查其句式的轉(zhuǎn)變，習(xí)慣上通常把it作為形式主語放在句首，作題時(shí)要善于分辨這種形式上的轉(zhuǎn)變。請(qǐng)看下面例題： 1. It is an honour for me (be) _ your English teacher. 2. It is no use of us (wait) _ at home like this. 六、考查作定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的判斷 非謂語動(dòng)詞

40、作定語主要考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語的情況，這里關(guān)鍵要把握住非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)行為還是被動(dòng)行為,以及非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間性，即是正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)完成還是將要發(fā)生。一般來說，用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作定語往往表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，如果動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中，就用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；用過去分詞作定語往往表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且已經(jīng)完成; 用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，如果是被動(dòng)行為，就用動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 例如： 1. The boy (cry)_ over there is my younger brother. 依據(jù)cry與它的邏輯主語The

41、boy之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系和cry的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾boy，因而正確答案為crying。 【試題放送】【2012江西卷】33Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.AspeakingBhaving spokenCto speakDto have spoken【答案】C【考點(diǎn)】 非謂語動(dòng)詞。【解析】不定式表目的，又因D選項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，故選C?！?012江西卷】35John has really got the job because he showed me the

42、 official letter him it.AofferedBofferingCto offerDto be offered【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞【解析】此處offer的邏輯主語為空格前名詞letter，根據(jù)句意，兩者語態(tài)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表伴隨，故選B。 【2012湖南卷】31. The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A. startingB. being startedC. to startD. to be started【答案

43、】A【考點(diǎn)】本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)last night可知start已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故排除C、D（不定式常表將來），B（being done）一般表進(jìn)行，也排除。非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài) 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 【2012湖南】23. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank. A. to useB. usedC. usingD. use【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！窘馕觥恳?yàn)楸揪湟延兄^語動(dòng)詞is，且沒有連詞或引導(dǎo)詞，故排除謂語形式D；而time與use為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選B。謂語與非謂語動(dòng)詞 過去分詞作條件狀語或時(shí)間狀語 表被動(dòng) 【2012湖

44、南】21. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs _ to achieve the final success. A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do【答案】C【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！窘馕觥恳?yàn)閣ork與do為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而need后表被動(dòng)用-ing的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式，故選C。謂語與非謂語動(dòng)詞 不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 作賓語 短語need to be done。 【2012重慶卷】31. Before you quit your job, _how your fam

45、ily would feel about your decision.A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】祈使句用法【解析】結(jié)合選項(xiàng)來分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，逗號(hào)前為時(shí)間狀語從句，后面實(shí)際上是一個(gè)祈使句。由此可知，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。【2012重慶卷】28. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our company.A. to be made B.

46、 being made C. made D. having been made【答案】 A 【考點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處為后置定語，與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。由此可知，表示被動(dòng)和將來的A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B表示被動(dòng)進(jìn)行，C表示被動(dòng)完成，D表示被動(dòng)完成，但是不作定語。因此，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)?！?012重慶卷】23._to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be aske

47、d【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞用法【解析】逗號(hào)前為原因狀語，空白處與句子的主語為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由此可排除表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系的B和C選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)常作目的和結(jié)果狀語，不作原因狀語，也可排除，而A選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式，可作時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語、伴隨狀語等。因此，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)?！?012遼寧卷】29. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate【答案】D【考點(diǎn)】非謂

48、語動(dòng)詞 【解析】在句型“主語+be+adj+to do”中，如果這個(gè)主語是動(dòng)詞do的邏輯賓語，故用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，所以選D?！?012遼寧卷】25. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞【解析】with的賓語后面可加形容詞、副詞、分詞、不定式、名詞等作賓補(bǔ)，這兒pet dog與follow構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，所以用following.【2012四川卷】6

49、. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found【答案】 B 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椋簻烦说氖口s到機(jī)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果只發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已經(jīng)飛入高空了。此處only后接動(dòng)詞不定式to do表示意想不到的結(jié)果。故選B?！?012四川卷】8. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfa

50、st.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound【答案】 C 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！窘馕觥看祟}考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。winding its way與賓語snake之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且此動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故選C?！?012四川卷】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash【答案】 A 本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！究键c(diǎn)】考查過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。【解析】此題中使役動(dòng)詞get后接的賓語car與作賓

51、語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞wash之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，構(gòu)成短語：get sth. done。故答案選A。句意為：在驅(qū)車進(jìn)城之前，你必須將你的車洗了?！?012四川卷】16. I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely wont make _ difference to me.A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a 【答案】 D 【考點(diǎn)】本題考查副詞用法?！窘馕觥扛痹~that表示“那么”修飾形容詞的固定短語為：that + adj. （+ a/ an + n.），相當(dāng)于so及how的用法，即that(so/ how) b

52、ig a difference 那么（如此/多么）大的一個(gè)分別（影響）。故選D?！?012陜西卷】15._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Stand【答案】A 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！窘馕觥糠侵^語動(dòng)詞短語后有逗號(hào)，說明非謂語動(dòng)詞做題干的狀語，邏輯主語是句子的主語we，非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞wait的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，用動(dòng)詞v-ing的一般式，選A。【2012陜西卷】22.If he takes

53、on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet【答案】D 【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?！窘馕觥克钤~與前文構(gòu)成固定句型have no choice but to do sth，故選D?！?012北京卷】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting【答案】 D【考點(diǎn)】考查

54、并列結(jié)構(gòu)?！窘馕觥坎⒘薪Y(jié)構(gòu)，making與correcting并列。【2012北京卷】27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use【答案】 C【考點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)?！窘馕觥看颂巘in和use是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式?！?012全國II】15. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。【解析】此處happy to watch anything that happened to be on作sat的目的狀語。句意：那位老人每天晚上坐在電視機(jī)前，高興地看要上演的任何節(jié)目。【2012全國II】10. Tony lent me the money, _