高中語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題教案代詞詳解

1、代詞3.1主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey人賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem稱(chēng)形容詞性物myyourhisheritsouryourtheir代主代詞詞主名詞性物主代詞mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs反身代詞myseyoursehimseherselitseourselvyourselvthemselve語(yǔ)lflflfflfesess用主格；動(dòng)詞后和介詞后用賓格。（一）、名詞性物主代詞后面不跟名詞。形容詞性物主代詞后面必須跟名詞。（二）、形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞.My book=mineHis sweater=his

2、Your desks=yoursHer CDs=hersIts milk=its（三）、反身代詞又稱(chēng)為自身代詞，表示動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者本身。它還可以在句中起強(qiáng)調(diào)的 作用，用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。（1）可用作賓語(yǔ)Eg, Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.(2)用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。Eg, She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the super star himself last week.(3)用在某些固定短語(yǔ)中。Look after on

3、eselfTake care of oneselfLearn sth by oneselfEnjoy oneselfHelp oneself to sthHurt oneselfBuy oneself sthIntroduce oneself溫馨提示1、反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)，但可以做主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)Eg,(誤)， Myself can finish my homework.(正),I myself can finish my homework.I can finish my homework myself.3.2疑問(wèn)代詞疑問(wèn)在找翻譯:誰(shuí)who 土格Whose+n.whichwhat誰(shuí)whom賓格

4、誰(shuí)的哪個(gè)（些）什么句：你誰(shuí)？疑問(wèn)句：這是誰(shuí)的書(shū)？翻譯:疑問(wèn)句：哪本書(shū)是你的?翻譯:主語(yǔ)從句：我做的都是為了你翻譯:定語(yǔ)從句：你是我要找的那個(gè)人。翻譯：3.3 指示代詞近指： This is my pen. These are my pens.遠(yuǎn)指：That is my pen. Those are my pens.1. this:指代近處的事物、指代接下來(lái)要提到的東西。Please remember this: don't disturb others in the library指代接下來(lái)要提到的東西）2. that:指代遠(yuǎn)處的事物、指代前邊提到的東西、也用于比較句型中指代前邊提到的

5、名詞 如：What is that over there?He was ill. That is why he didn't go to school.住旨代前邊提到的東西）The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Hainan. &匕較級(jí)中使用，that指代不可數(shù)名詞）3. 另外，在電話(huà)用語(yǔ)中this是介紹自己，that是詢(xún)問(wèn)對(duì)方。如：This is Davidspeaking.（介紹自己）Who's that speaking?（旬問(wèn)對(duì)方）3.4 指示代詞：suchSuch was the way he spoke

6、to me.Such are my viewpoints on happiness.Such代詞做主語(yǔ)： 這樣的人 /物I have never seen such flowers/a flower.Teachers such as Jack and Adam are considerate. Such 形容詞： 這樣的He talks in such simple Englishas children could understand.岸語(yǔ)從句He talks in such simple Englishthat children could understandit.狀語(yǔ)從句3.5 指示代

7、詞：samesame甚seim美semadj.同一的；相同的，同樣的;pron.同一事物；同樣的人；（和）同樣的事物；（數(shù)目、顏色、大小、質(zhì)量等）相同adv.同樣,類(lèi)似；（即形容詞、代詞、副詞）例子：Thank you all the same.Same here.The same to you.I feel the same way with you.If I were in your shoes,I would do exactly the same as you did.3.6 不定代詞：one VS itOne代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)A: I ve just bought a new car.

8、B: I'm gonna buy one tomorrow.Ones代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)My shoes are similar to the ones you had on yesterday.It前文提及的同一物A: Are you still using your old car?B: No,I sold it yesterday.1、it指同名同物，one和that同名異物Eg : I like the bike, but I have no money to buy it.I like bicycles, but I cannot afford to buy one.The bi

9、ke I want to buy is more beautiful than that he has2、It用來(lái)指代前文提到的那個(gè)事物，指的是同名同物。Eg :The weather here is too windy. I do not like it.It可以替名詞性從句，動(dòng)名詞和不定式。做形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)Eg: If you take a bus at the airport, it will take you half an hour to get there.I found it hard to understand.3、one只能代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，that可以代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和

10、不可數(shù)名詞。I like this pen more than that one.Mary' s handwriting is far better than that of peter.it：指代時(shí)間，日期，天氣等，還有一些固定的短語(yǔ)。還有指代前邊提到的同一個(gè)東 西。還有指代不明的人或者不明性別的嬰兒。如：The book on the desk is not mine. It is Jim s.（指代前邊提至同一個(gè)東西）Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is1（代不明的人）How cute the b

11、aby it is!（指代不明性別的嬰兒）What' s the date today? It' s 25th July.6旨代日期）What time is it? It's five o'clock.（指代時(shí)間）What' s the weather today? 11 s rainy.（指代天氣）It is important for/of sb. to do sth. /It' s one's turn to do sth.固定短語(yǔ)）不定代詞：Some VS any不定代詞：nothing VS none VS no oneNot

12、hing什么也沒(méi)有-Is there anything in the box?-Nothing.No one=nobody僅指人，不和of連用Did anyone come to see me ?No one.None：同類(lèi)事物沒(méi)有None of your business.-Is theres any coffee in the fridge?-None.辨析:both/neither/either/all/noneboth指兩者都第5頁(yè)/共11頁(yè)neither指兩者都不both-neither / all-noneeither指兩者中的任何一個(gè)all指全部，三者或者三者以上none指都不，

13、全不，三者或者三者以上辨析：few VS littleHe has few friends.They had little money.He can speak a little Chinese.She bought a few apples.辨析：other VS another3.7 復(fù)合不定代詞主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞I介詞又叫前置詞，一般置于名詞（或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi)或結(jié)構(gòu)）之1 介 :前，在句中不單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分，必須與其后的名詞等構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，！詞的分L才能在句中充當(dāng)成分。像媒婆、媒介。_ _類(lèi)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，除外，方

14、位，經(jīng)過(guò)，上下，方式，原因，價(jià)格，屬性，比較等等二.表時(shí)間的介詞短語(yǔ)比較 at/on/in：at:鐘點(diǎn)，黎明，正午at noon,黃昏，午夜等名詞前，at the beginning/end.in：某年、月、季節(jié)、上午、下午、晚上等的時(shí)間名詞以及較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間如世紀(jì)、朝代之第6頁(yè)/共11頁(yè)、乙刖。on具體的某一天、星期幾及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等的時(shí)間名詞前I 'll see you at New Year.時(shí)刻點(diǎn)：短I was born on New Years Day/Monday. 具體某一天I was born in 1991/March/spring.時(shí)間段：長(zhǎng)I was bo

15、rn on a cold morning/Friday morning.I didn't see him in the morning.填空： He arrived six the night of the 5th.比較：for, during, throughfor：指某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。He has been in Shanghai for two days.他在上海兩天了。during：指某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在某個(gè)時(shí)間段里或整個(gè)過(guò)程中斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地發(fā)生過(guò)多次，或在整個(gè)時(shí)間段里的某一點(diǎn)發(fā)生過(guò)，起止時(shí)間比較明顯。He swims every day during the summer

16、.夏季他每天都游泳。through：在期間；從開(kāi)頭到結(jié)尾（最后那天包括在內(nèi)，此時(shí)與throughout相同）We work hard all through the year.比較： from, sincefrom：只用作介詞，表示某動(dòng)作或情況自某時(shí)開(kāi)始，不表示什么時(shí)候結(jié)束。She studied the piano from the age of three.她從三歲開(kāi)始學(xué)鋼琴。since：既可用作介詞，也可用作連詞，常表示某動(dòng)作或情況自某時(shí)開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)刻。I've been here since three o'clock but nobody came yet.

17、第7頁(yè)/共11頁(yè)我從三點(diǎn)起一直在這兒，但沒(méi)有人來(lái)過(guò)。He has known her since he lived in this street.自從他住到這條街上以來(lái)，他就認(rèn)識(shí)她。比較：before， by ， until ， tillbefore：早于；在之前The new road will be completed before the end of the year.這條新道路將在年底以前建成。by：表示"不遲于，在（某時(shí)）前”；表示“在期間，在時(shí)間內(nèi)”。until ：是比較正式的用法。在肯定句中和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，表示動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到 until后面的時(shí)間為止；在否定句中和瞬

18、間性動(dòng)詞連用，表示該動(dòng)作直到 until 后面的時(shí)間才開(kāi)始。 till ：意義與 until 相同。I shall wait until 10 o'clock.我將等到 10 點(diǎn)鐘。I didn't go to sleep until midnight.直到午夜我才睡覺(jué)。He works from morning till night ， day after day.他日復(fù)一日從早工作到晚。比較：after， in ， withinwithin：指”在之內(nèi)”，強(qiáng)調(diào)事情發(fā)生的全過(guò)程不超過(guò)某一段時(shí)間。after：后接時(shí)間段表示過(guò)去“一段時(shí)間之后”，與一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用；后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)表示

19、“某一時(shí)刻之后”，與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用。He promised that the roof should be repaired within two day他答應(yīng)兩天之內(nèi)就把屋頂修好。at/byat six 是說(shuō)她六點(diǎn)鐘來(lái)。 by six 在六點(diǎn)鐘之前，不遲于六點(diǎn)鐘。在間，在的時(shí)候.如：He worked by day and slept by night.注意：當(dāng)時(shí)間名詞前有this， that， last， next， some， every 等詞限定時(shí)，通常不用任何介詞鮮為人知的 inThers products will be produced in a month. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞+in ：

20、在 .以?xún)?nèi)He will arrive in 10 minutes. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 +in ：在 .以后He will arrive after two o clock.三表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)on, above, over皆可表示 “在之上”。區(qū)別是on表示與表面接觸的上方；above表示“在上方，高于"，但不垂直，表面不接觸；over表示正上方，強(qiáng)調(diào)“垂直在之上”，如果over指上下接觸，則含有部分或全部覆蓋之意，還可表示動(dòng)作在某物體的上方進(jìn)行，意為“越過(guò)，通過(guò)”。below, under, beneath皆可表示 “在之下”。below表示不垂直并與表面不接觸的下方；under表示垂

21、直并與表面不接觸的下方； beneath表示在某物之下，可以表示垂直或不垂直，也可以表示上下接觸的意思。比較： in front of ， in the front of兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)皆有“在前面”的意思，區(qū)別是 in front of 通常相對(duì)于某物體的外部來(lái)說(shuō)，指某人或某物位于該物前面，意為“在前面”；in the front of通常相對(duì)于空間而言，指某人或某物位于某個(gè)空間的內(nèi)部，意為“在的前部”。比較：near， beside， bybeside和near者B有“靠近”的意思，beside強(qiáng)調(diào)“在旁邊( = at the side of)”，指兩者的位置關(guān)系，多用于人；near意為“在附

22、近( = at a short distance from)”， 第9頁(yè)/共 11頁(yè)表示兩者之間的距離，多用于場(chǎng)所，另外near還可表示時(shí)間或程度等。by表示“在 旁邊”時(shí)意為“倚，憑，靠，沿著”比較：about， round， around表示“在周?chē)睍r(shí)，about指的是“靠近周?chē)保槐硎尽鞍褕F(tuán)團(tuán)圍 住”，而round和around指“完全的、封閉的周?chē)?quot;，round既可表示靜態(tài)位置，也可 表示動(dòng)態(tài)的動(dòng)作，around通常表示靜態(tài)的位置。比較： along， across， through， byalong意為“沿著”，和動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，也可以和靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用，表示“在空間的某一點(diǎn)

23、上，在某一段空間里”。across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行的，指從一端到另一端或成十 字交叉穿過(guò)。through 的含義與 in 有關(guān)，表示從物體中間穿過(guò)，這個(gè)動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行的，表示有步驟的，內(nèi)在關(guān)系的傳遞性We learn a second language through listening, speaking, reading and writing.I got to know him through a friend.by 表示從某物或某人的旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)。across可以表示“在對(duì)面或另一邊"，相當(dāng)于 opposite在表示“架空”的意思時(shí)，across強(qiáng)

24、調(diào)“橫過(guò)"，over側(cè)重“屹立”比較：to,on,inHainan lies in the south of China.比較：as,likeSimons works as a waiter. 本身就是Simons looks like as a waiter. 類(lèi)似比較： with,byHe killed the fly by hitting it.He killed the fly with a book.實(shí)戰(zhàn)：The foreigner spoke to us English.He makes a living selling newspapers.He broke the window a stone.比較：It is+a