卡普蘭托福模擬閱讀套題1

1、TOEFL Simulation Test - Reading托福模擬考試 閱讀Version 01-KReading Passage 1The Life and Work of J.D. SalingerWriter J.D. Salinger will always be remembered for his most famous character, Holden Caufield. The protagonist of the novel The Catcher in the Rye, Caufield became the voice of the disaffected yout

2、h not only for his generation those coming of age in the early 1950s but for generations to come. The struggle to reconcile innocence and youth with the pressures and expectations of the wider world is a theme that run not only through Salingers work, but his life as well. AJerome David Salinger was

3、 born in New York City in 1919 to an upper middle class family. His father was a manager in a successful cheese and meat importing company. As an adolescent, Salinger attended public schools as well as military academy. He dropped out of several colleges in New York, opting instead to immerse himsel

4、f in the Greenwich Village literary scene. B This route paid off for Salinger; he had his first work published in 1940 in Story magazine, after making the acquaintance of some of New Yorks most prestigious editors.Salingers literary career, however, soon took a back seat to events overseas. Despite

5、a mild heat condition, Salinger volunteered to fight in World War II and was sent to Europe. C One of the few bright spots during his time in Europe was meeting the writer Ernest Hemingway, with whom Salinger developed a lasting correspondenceWhile Salingers experience of the war certainly left him

6、traumatized, when he returned to New York, he more or less picked up where he left off. D Before the war, he had started writing a series of stories about a young man who suffers a nervous breakdown in the middle of Manhattan. These would later form the basis for Salingers first and only novel, The

7、Catcher in the Rye, published in 1951.Parallels Holden Caufield s and Salingers lives are evident, especially as far as their educational careers are concerned. The Catcher in the Rye begins with Caufield on the verge of expulsion from boarding school, after having been kicked out of two previous sc

8、hools. He leaves his prestigious New England prep school for a two day adventure in New York City, and meets characters from walks of life he had never encountered within his privileged milieu.What drew the acclaim of critics and readers alike was the authenticity of Caufields inner monologue. He is

9、 shown to be not just a rebel without a cause, but a thoughtful and clever young man, astutely critical of society and its thorniness, yet at the same time, desiring acceptance from it. Some critics have gone so far as to suggest that Holden Caufield was the archetype for modern bad boy culture hero

10、es such as James Dean.Salinger would go on to publish numerous other stories in The New York over the next decades. The most famous of them, published in book form in 1961, was Franny and Zooey, about the relationship between a gifted brother and sister, who, each in their own way, struggle with the

11、 expectations of maturity. Other noteworthy stories, written in this period include: Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpentersand seymore, an Introduction.After Hapsworth 16,1924 was published in 1965, Salinger mysteriously withdrew from the public eye. Living more or less as a recluse in rural New Hamps

12、hire, Salinger has ceased to submit anything for publication and rarely, if ever, gives interviews.Some observers suspect that Salingers withdrawal from society is indicative of a mental breakdown of some sort; in this respect, at least, perhaps Salinger has much more in common with his maladjusted

13、characters than most people may have realized.1. The word disaffected in the passage is closest in meaning to A. condemnedB. alienatedC. complicatedD. despised2. The word acclaim in the passage is closest in meaning to A. disdainB. criticismC. interestD. praise3. The word astutely in the passage is

14、closest in meaning to A. shrewdlyB. unnecessarilyC. silentlyD. significantly4. According to the passage, one of the main themes that concerned J. D. Salinger was A. the difficulties young people faced as they entered adulthood B. the pressures society placed on individuals to conform C. the ability

15、of a single individual to change a society D. the importance of serving those in need5. According to the passage, Salinger A. graduated from New York University B. attended a private high school C. dropped out of high school D. did not finish college6. According to the passage, Holden Caufield is si

16、milar to J. D. Salinger in that A. he is about the same ageB. he wants to be a writer C. he has attended several different schools D. he is interested in popular culture.7. It can be inferred that Salinger was considered A. unstableB. rebelliousC. a model citizenD. a hero for youth8. The author reco

17、unts the plot of The Catcher in the Rye in paragraph 5 in order to A. make the passage more entertaining B. illustrate a similarity between Caufield and Salinger C. demonstrate how unconventional the novel was D. support the claim that the novels protagonist revolutionized popular culture.9. There a

18、re four squares in the passage. These squares represent places where the sentence below could be added to the passage.The horrors and tragedies of what he saw there affected him deeply.Where would be the sentence best fit?10. The word These in the passage refers to A. Salingers war experiences B. Sa

19、lingers literary influences C. Stories Salinger began writing before the war D. Publishers to whom Salinger submitted his work11. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leav

20、e out essential information. A. After The Catcher in the Rye, popular culture became more appreciative of rebellious, troubled figures B. Despite the example set by Holden Caufield, youth heroes became more rebellious C. Holden Caufield was inspired by figures like James Dean. D. The Catcher in the

21、Rye was based loosely on events in the life of James Dean.12. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the authors opinion about J. D. Salinger? A. He is the most important author of the twentieth century B. He imitated the style of Ernest Hemingway C. His short stories are much st

22、ronger than his novels D. His troubled characters are based on his own experiences.13. Directions: The sentence below is an introductory sentence for a short summary of the passage. Select THREE answer choices from the chart the represent important ideas in the passage. Some sentences are incorrect

23、because they contain information that was not in the passage or contain information that is a minor detail. This question is worth 2 points. J. D. Salinger is an important figure in American literature. Answer ChoicesA. He created a memorable character who defined a generationB. He is considered the

24、 founder of a new genre of literature.C. The life of his most famous character paralleled that of his own.D. The language used by his characters became the language of youth culture.E. Contemporary critics considered his use of inner monologue as a literary device revolutionary.F. After a prosperous

25、 writing career, he withdrawal from public life.Reading Passage 2American Neoclassicism and the U.S. Capitol BuildingVisitors to Americas capital city, Washington, D.C., have long been impressed by its majestic, white stone buildings, and one in particular: the U.S. Capitol. With its lofty dome, tri

26、angular pediment depicting various historical scenes, and supporting row of columns, the building hearkens back to the temples of ancient Greece and Rome. These design elements, replicated in countless public buildings in the capital and around the country, were more than mere flights of fancy on th

27、e part of its designers. The buildings visionaries were attempting to anchor the young democracy to the very cradle of Western civilization, while at the same time asserting the nations own unique identity.This incorporation of classic Greek and Roman motifs in art and architecture neoclassicism, as

28、 the movement came to be called，was not a novel idea at the time of the Capitols design. The emerging field of archaeology yielded several previously undiscovered Roman ruins in the early 18th century, renewing appreciation for Greco-Roman architectural sophistication. Enthusiasm for these physical

29、forms was closely tied to the political and philosophical principles they represented: democracy and rationalism. This was especially the case later in the century, as the ferment of democratic revolution grew, and archaeologists made spectacular discoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum.Imported from

30、Great Britain, neoclassicism found expression in the American colonies, primarily in New England, and in the buildings of Edmund Woolley and Ebenezer Tomlinson. The Pennsylvania Statehouse (later named Independence Hall) is an outstanding example of American neoclassicism as it existed before the Re

31、volutionary War. A Due to material and technical limitations, innovations were mostly confined to detail and ornamentation. It was not until after the Revolution and the opportunity it afforded to fashion a capital city from the ground up that American neoclassicism assumed its unique and monumental

32、 character.The American statesman most responsible for this shift was Thomas Jefferson, an architect in his own right. B Unlike his New England compatriots, Jeffersons classical inspiration came largely by way of France, where he had spent a great deal of time before the Revolution and later as amba

33、ssador under President Washington. C In the throes of its own democratic revolution, France similarly looked to the ancient world in erecting its new institutions and monuments. Jefferson was awed by Roman ruins, as well as more recent constructions that sought to resurrect not just the details, but

34、 the very scale and grandeur of ancient Roman temples.DJefferson was emotionally and administratively involved in almost all aspects of the capitals design and construction, including the decision to entrust the task of planning the new city to the France officer Charles LEnfant. Jeffersons sensibil

35、ities were also reflected in the design for the capitol building, approved in public competition in 1793. Submitted by William Thornton, the plan was reminiscent of the Roman Pantheon, with its distinctive circular rotunda, colonnade and dome. Jeffersons fondness for the style, and the dome in parti

36、cular, could be seen in the way he fashioned his own famous estate, Monticello. It is thus not surprising that this period is alternately referred to as the Idealistic or Jeffersonian era of American neoclassicism, and that the dome has become one of its defining featuresBefore it was completed in 1

37、826, the Capitol building went through four architects and one complete reconstruction after being burnt to the ground by the British in 1812. While its final form did not deviate greatly from Thorntons original design, the buildings final architect, Benjamin Latrobe, is credited with imbuing the Ca

38、pitol with a distinctively American sensibility. One of the buildings most admired features, said to have been suggested by Jefferson, reflects this synthesis: the columns in the rotunda, whose orders were adorned with American crops like tobacco leaves and corn. It is a fitting irony that Latrobe,

39、who has been given the title of Americas first professional architect and would go on to design some of the countrys most celebrated edifices, was an immigrant from England.14. The word motifs in the passage is closest in meaning to A. goalsB. themesC. ruinsD. artists15. The word it in paragraph 3 r

40、efers to A. a capital cityB. monumental character C. the RevolutionD. American neoclassicism16. The word reminiscent of in the passage are closest in meaning to A. similar toB. smaller thanC. copied fromD. confused with17. The word fondness in the passage is closest in meaning to A. familiarityB. ta

41、lentC. laborD. liking18. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. A lack of resources limited the expression of neoclassical architectural

42、features in America. B. American colonists preferred to express neoclassicism in details rather than grand designs. C. The only expressions of neoclassicism in America were seen in ornamentation. D. Technical difficulties prevented American neoclassicists from attending to details.19. According to t

43、he passage, the original designer of the U.S. Capitol was A. Ebenezer TomlinsonB. Thomas Jefferson C. William ThorntonD. Benjamin Latrobe20. In the passage, all of the following are given as reasons for the rise of neoclassicism EXCEPT A. the development of the field of archaeology B. political revo

44、lution C. the discoveries at Pompeii D. Washingtons time spent in France21. All of the following are true about Thomas Jefferson EXCEPT A. He admired Greco-Roman architecture B. He hired Charles LEnfant to build Monticello C. He served as ambassador to France D. He was involved in the planning and d

45、esign of Washington,D.C.22. In paragraph two, the author explains the interest in neoclassicism in the 18th century by A. discussing the discovery of archaeological sites from ancient Greece and Rome B. demonstrating the connection between democratic revolutions and ancient Greece C. pointing out th

46、e European royalty admiration for ancient Rome D. asserting that European culture had been influenced by ancient Greece and Rome for centuries.23. There are four squares in the passage. These squares represent places where the sentence below could be added to the passage.Jefferson carried this grand

47、 vision back to America with him.Where would be the sentence best fit?24. An important feature of American neoclassicism is A. artwork depicting American cropsB. ornamentation C. a domeD. Greek inscriptions 25. Directions: Choose the phrases from the answer choices list and match them to the form of

48、 journalism to which they relate. You will NOT use TWO of the answer choices. This question is worth 4 points.Select the appropriate names and phrases and match them with the period of American neoclassicism with which they are associated.Answer Choices Pre-Revolution American NeoclassicismA. Jeffer

49、sonian era B. Edmund Wooley C. wrought-iron railings Post-Revolution American NeoclassicismD. Pennsylvania Statehouse E. Benjamin Latrobe F. United States Capitol G. Pantheon H. George Washington Reading Passage 3Agonistic DisplaysAnimals exhibit many kinds of display behavior. Among the most famili

50、ar are courtship displays used when animals intend to mate. Another well-known set of display patterns are termed agonistic; these are displays used by animals in situations involving attack, escape, or fear. Scientists have discovered that there are three discrete types of motor patterns used as ba

51、sic building blocks for agonistic displays, all of which arise out of conflict between competing emotional motivations. Most agonistic displays are derived from these three sets of motor patterns.The first motor pattern consists of irrelevant actions, which animal behaviorists call displacement acti

52、vities. These are actions that appear to be performed in inappropriate contexts. In one experimental setting, male Wood Thrushes put in a position that required a choice between attacking or fleeing would begin to scratch, or clean their wings, eat, or even sleep. Examples of a displacement activity

53、 in humans would be chewing ones nails r drumming ones fingers on the table when nervous, or whistling when scared. In such situations, there seems to be a feeling that an action any action?s called for, whether it is appropriate or not. Displacement activities usually consist of actions normally as

54、sociated with parts of an individuals daily maintenance routine actions such as preening, scratching, yawning, stretching and eating.The second motor pattern consists of actions performed in the correct contexts, but directed towards the wrong objects, and are called redirected activities. These are

55、 most common when an initial intention is thwarted, or otherwise unable to be completed. For example, a male bird might be unable or unwilling to risk attacking another larger bird invading his territory, and instead peck at the branch upon which he is perched. A dog on a leash might be tempted to b

56、ite another dog, but restrained by its owner from doing so, it tries to bite its owner or a nearby object. An employee angry with his boss might yell at a friend or relative. Redirected activities, like displacement activities, arise out of conflict between motivations, and convey information about

57、the emotional state of the animal.The third motor pattern consists of uncompleted initial stages of ordinary actions, called intention movements. Examples would be birds crouching just before taking off, or someone making a fist before hitting another person. The bird may not actually take off, and a person may not actually strike the opponent, but the intent has been signaled. An emotional conflict arises out of w