天線技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上Harbin Institute of Technology天線技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告 姓名： 班級(jí)： 學(xué)號(hào)： 院系： 電信學(xué)院 2014年5月實(shí)驗(yàn)一 天線方向圖的測(cè)量一、 實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?、 通過實(shí)驗(yàn)掌握天線方向圖測(cè)量的一般方法。2、 喇叭口徑尺寸對(duì)方向圖影響，E面、角錐喇叭與圓錐喇叭的比較。二、 實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備發(fā)射源：信號(hào)發(fā)生器、測(cè)量線、被測(cè)天線、發(fā)射天線、天線轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)、檢波器或微波小功率計(jì)等。測(cè)量裝置如圖1所示。匹配器衰減器信號(hào)源可變衰減器 檢波器選頻放大器 發(fā)射天線 接收天線圖1 天線方向圖測(cè)試系統(tǒng)在接收端如有功率計(jì)，可直接用它測(cè)而不必用檢波器，根據(jù)條件而定。三、 實(shí)驗(yàn)原理測(cè)量方法：1

2、、 固定天線法：被測(cè)天線不動(dòng)以它為圓心在等圓周上測(cè)得場(chǎng)強(qiáng)的方式。2、 旋轉(zhuǎn)天線法：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)天線不動(dòng)為發(fā)射天線，而待測(cè)天線為接收天線，而自身自旋一周所測(cè)的方向圖。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用的是旋轉(zhuǎn)天線的方法。測(cè)量步驟：無論是固定測(cè)量或者旋轉(zhuǎn)天線法，他們都是可動(dòng)天線每改變一個(gè)角度（2°）記錄下來一個(gè)數(shù)值（檢波器或小功率計(jì)指示），改變一周即得到360度范圍內(nèi)的方向圖。測(cè)量要求：測(cè)量天線時(shí)，收發(fā)天線應(yīng)該保持水平和垂直方向上的對(duì)齊；調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)射天線的衰減，使接受天線上的感應(yīng)電流大于60mA，以保證測(cè)得方向圖的明顯；在旋轉(zhuǎn)天線的測(cè)量平面時(shí)，應(yīng)該將收發(fā)天線同時(shí)旋轉(zhuǎn)，避免產(chǎn)生極化垂直的問題，使得無法測(cè)量。四、 實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟本試

3、驗(yàn)是3公分波長(zhǎng)的角錐喇叭，所用的儀器是微波分光儀，采用旋轉(zhuǎn)天線法，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)天線不動(dòng)，并將它固定在旋轉(zhuǎn)盤上，待測(cè)天線旋轉(zhuǎn)一周所測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)。1、 把待測(cè)天線即3公分波長(zhǎng)的角錐喇叭固定在微波分光議的旋轉(zhuǎn)盤上，再將標(biāo)準(zhǔn)喇叭固定在信號(hào)發(fā)生器上面，首先計(jì)算出兩喇叭之間距離，其裝置如圖所示：發(fā)送 接收 圖3 角錐喇叭實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置2、 首先將發(fā)射旋鈕撥至等幅位置，這是接收端的指示器微安表應(yīng)有指示，其大小可通過調(diào)整發(fā)射端的衰減，使得接收的指示器指針可達(dá)60-80uA左右。3、 使兩喇叭在同一直線上而且在同一平面內(nèi)。4、 測(cè)量：首先記下接收端微安表指示值，向左半平面旋轉(zhuǎn)接收喇叭，每旋轉(zhuǎn)一度，記下相應(yīng)的電流表的指示，直到顯示為

4、零，然后向右半平面旋轉(zhuǎn)，記下相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)，在坐標(biāo)紙上畫出方向圖，計(jì)算出半功率角寬度，及有關(guān)角錐喇叭的各種參數(shù)。五、 實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)1、 E面喇叭E面方向圖極坐標(biāo)E面喇叭E面歸一化E面喇叭E面分貝歸一化主瓣寬度約為10度2、 E面喇叭H面方向圖極坐標(biāo)E面喇叭H面歸一化E面喇叭H面分貝歸一化主瓣寬度大致為20度。3、 角錐喇叭E面方向圖極坐標(biāo)角錐喇叭E面歸一化角錐喇叭E面分貝歸一化主瓣寬度約為13度4、 角錐喇叭H面方向圖極坐標(biāo)角錐喇叭H面歸一化角錐喇叭H面分貝歸一化主瓣寬度約為12度.5、 圓錐喇叭E面方向圖極坐標(biāo)圓錐喇叭E面歸一化圓錐喇叭E面分貝歸一化主瓣寬度約為15度.6、 圓錐喇叭H面方向圖極坐標(biāo)

5、圓錐喇叭H面歸一化圓錐喇叭H面分貝歸一化主瓣寬度約為18度。六、 實(shí)驗(yàn)體會(huì)通過對(duì)天線的測(cè)量和分析，使我懂得了天線的原理和作用。天線在生活中雖然很常見，但卻從來不懂得它的意義何在。此次實(shí)驗(yàn)，讓我主動(dòng)的查找資料，并且不斷的和同學(xué)交流，使我更加深刻的理解了天線的工作原理。通過matlab軟件畫天線的極坐標(biāo)方向圖、歸一化方向圖和分貝歸一化方向圖，可以把實(shí)際中很抽象的問題轉(zhuǎn)化為清晰明了的圖形，大大減輕了對(duì)天線的研究和開發(fā)工作，提高了效率。通過對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)原理的學(xué)習(xí)和測(cè)量的結(jié)果的分析，可以知道天線的方向性圖與天線喇叭口徑的尺寸和形狀有關(guān)系。實(shí)驗(yàn)分別測(cè)量了E面喇叭、圓錐喇叭和角錐喇叭的E面、H面方向圖，知道了E面

6、喇叭的方向圖不如角錐喇叭的增益大，但是E面喇叭有較大的主瓣寬度。在測(cè)量中，也發(fā)現(xiàn)了不少問題，例如若發(fā)射天線的衰減較大，使得接收天線的感應(yīng)電流過小的話，會(huì)讓結(jié)果測(cè)量不準(zhǔn)確；極化對(duì)天線的增益有很大的影響，當(dāng)發(fā)射天線和接收天線的極化方向垂直時(shí)，將無法互相通信；當(dāng)收發(fā)天線在垂直平面上沒有對(duì)準(zhǔn)的話，也會(huì)使接收天線的感應(yīng)電流過小等問題。這些問題的發(fā)現(xiàn)讓我們學(xué)到了很多。附錄：實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)E喇叭E面角度測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)歸一化分貝歸一化-3000-2500-2300-2210.021-33.442-2110.021-33.442-2020.043-27.4214-1920.043-27.4214-1820.043-27.4

7、214-1720.043-27.4214-1620.043-27.4214-1520.043-27.4214-1420.043-27.4214-1320.043-27.4214-1230.064-23.8995-1140.085-21.4008-1060.128-17.8789-970.149-16.54-8100.213-13.442-7140.298-10.5194-6160.34-9.35956-5230.489-6.2074-4230.489-6.2074-3290.617-4.194-2340.723-2.81238-1400.851-1.400760460.979-0.186814

8、60.979-0.1868247103440.936-0.57294390.83-1.620675360.787-2.077926330.702-3.071687280.596-4.49888230.489-6.20749180.383-8.3365110150.319-9.9201311110.234-12.61411280.17-15.38021360.128-17.87891440.085-21.40081530.064-23.89951620.043-27.42141720.043-27.42141820.043-27.42141920.043-27.42142010.021-33.4

9、422110.021-33.4422210.021-33.44223002400250026002700280029003000E喇叭H面角度測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)歸一化分貝歸一化-5100-5010.022-33.1515-4910.022-33.1515-4810.022-33.1515-4710.022-33.1515-4610.022-33.1515-4510.022-33.1515-4420.043-27.3306-4320.043-27.3306-4220.043-27.3306-4120.043-27.3306-4020.043-27.3306-3920.043-27.3306-3830.06

10、5-23.7417-3730.065-23.7417-3630.065-23.7417-3540.087-21.2096-3440.087-21.2096-3340.087-21.2096-3250.109-19.2515-3150.109-19.2515-3060.13-17.7211-2970.152-16.3631-2880.174-15.189-2790.196-14.1549-26100.217-13.2708-25110.239-12.432-24120.261-11.6672-23130.283-10.9643-22140.304-10.3425-21150.326-9.7356

11、5-20160.348-9.16842-19180.391-8.15646-18200.435-7.23021-17210.457-6.80168-16230.5-6.0206-15250.543-5.304-14260.565-4.95903-13270.587-4.62724-12280.609-4.30765-11300.652-3.71505-10330.717-2.88962-9340.739-2.62711-8350.761-2.37231-7360.783-2.12476-6370.804-1.89488-5380.826-1.6604-4400.87-1.20961-3420.

12、913-0.79058-2430.935-0.58377-1430.935-0.583770450.978-0.193221450.978-0.193222450.978-0.1932234610446105450.978-0.193226450.978-0.193227450.978-0.193228410.891-1.002459410.891-1.0024510410.891-1.0024511400.87-1.2096112380.826-1.660413370.804-1.8948814350.761-2.3723115340.739-2.6271116330.717-2.88962

13、17320.696-3.1478218310.674-3.426819300.652-3.7150520290.63-4.0131921270.587-4.6272422230.5-6.020623220.478-6.4114424200.435-7.2302125180.391-8.1564626170.37-8.6359727170.37-8.6359728160.348-9.1684229140.304-10.342530130.283-10.964331110.239-12.4323290.196-14.15493380.174-15.1893480.174-15.1893570.15

14、2-16.36313670.152-16.36313760.13-17.72113860.13-17.72113960.13-17.72114060.13-17.72114150.109-19.25154240.087-21.20964340.087-21.20964430.065-23.74174530.065-23.74174630.065-23.74174720.043-27.33064820.043-27.33064920.043-27.33065020.043-27.33065120.043-27.33065220.021-33.55565310.021-33.55565410.02

15、1-33.55565510.021-33.5556561057005800圓錐喇叭E面角度測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)歸一化分貝歸一化-3000-2920.029-30.752-2820.029-30.752-2730.043-27.3306-2640.057-24.8825-2550.071-22.9748-2460.086-21.31-2380.114-18.8619-2290.129-17.7882-21110.157-16.082-20130.186-14.6097-19140.2-13.9794-18140.2-13.9794-17140.2-13.9794-16140.2-13.9794-15140.

16、2-13.9794-14150.214-13.3917-13160.229-12.8033-12180.257-11.8013-11200.286-10.8727-10240.343-9.29412-9280.4-7.9588-8340.486-6.26727-7380.543-5.304-6450.643-3.83578-5500.714-2.92604-4560.8-1.9382-3620.886-1.05133-2640.914-0.78108-1680.971-0.25562070101690.986-0.122462680.971-0.255623660.943-0.50977464

17、0.914-0.781085600.857-1.340386530.757-2.418087500.714-2.926048420.6-4.436979350.5-6.020610320.457-6.8016811260.371-8.6125212210.3-10.457613170.243-12.287914140.2-13.979415110.157-16.0821690.129-17.78821780.114-18.86191880.114-18.86191970.1-202060.086-21.312160.086-21.312260.086-21.312360.086-21.3124

18、50.071-22.97482540.057-24.88252630.043-27.33062720.029-30.7522820.029-30.7522920.029-30.7523010.014-37.07743110.014-37.07743210.014-37.0774330034003500圓錐喇叭H面角度測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)歸一化分貝歸一化-3500-3400-3310.013-37.7211-3210.013-37.7211-3120.027-31.3727-3020.027-31.3727-2920.027-31.3727-2820.027-31.3727-2720.027-31.3727

19、-2620.027-31.3727-2520.027-31.3727-2430.04-27.9588-2340.053-25.5145-2250.067-23.4785-2160.08-21.9382-2080.107-19.4123-19100.133-17.523-18140.187-14.5632-17170.227-12.8795-16220.293-10.6626-15230.307-10.2572-14300.4-7.9588-13360.48-6.37518-12400.533-5.46546-11460.613-4.25079-10510.68-3.34982-9560.747

20、-2.53359-8620.827-1.64989-7640.853-1.38102-6680.907-0.84785-5720.96-0.35458-4740.987-0.11366-3750.987-0.11366-27410-1720.987-0.113660710.96-0.354581680.947-0.4732660.907-0.847853600.88-1.110354560.8-1.93825480.747-2.533596420.56-5.036247380.56-5.036248340.507-5.899849280.453-6.8780410230.373-8.56582

21、11170.307-10.257212130.227-12.879513110.173-15.23911480.147-16.65371560.107-19.41231660.08-21.93821740.08-21.93821840.053-25.51451940.053-25.51452040.053-25.51452140.053-25.51452240.053-25.51452330.04-27.95882420.027-31.37272520.027-31.37272620.027-31.37272720.027-31.37272820.027-31.37272910.013-37.

22、72113010.013-37.721131003200330034003500角錐E面角度測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)歸一化分貝歸一化-5000-4500-4300-4210.013-37.7211-4110.013-37.7211-4010.013-37.7211-39110.013-37.7211-3820.025-32.0412-3720.025-32.0412-3620.025-32.0412-3520.025-32.0412-3420.025-32.0412-3320.025-32.0412-3220.025-32.0412-3120.025-32.0412-3020.025-32.0412-2920

23、.025-32.0412-2820.025-32.0412-2720.025-32.0412-2620.025-32.0412-2520.025-32.0412-2430.038-28.4043-2340.05-26.0206-2250.063-24.0132-2170.088-21.1103-2090.113-18.9384-19110.138-17.2024-18140.15-16.4782-17140.175-15.1392-16140.175-15.1392-15140.175-15.1392-14140.175-15.1392-13140.175-15.1392-12140.175-

24、15.1392-11140.175-15.1392-10150.188-14.5168-9180.225-12.9563-8200.25-12.0412-7260.325-9.76233-6330.413-7.681-5400.5-6.0206-4500.625-4.0824-3580.725-2.79324-2650.813-1.79819-1720.9-0.915150780.975-0.219911780.975-0.21991280103770.963-0.327474760.95-0.445535740.925-0.677176690.863-1.279787650.813-1.79

25、8198620.775-2.213979540.675-3.4139210450.563-4.9898311410.513-5.7976512330.413-7.68113280.35-9.1186414230.288-10.812215200.25-12.041216170.213-13.432417150.188-14.516818140.175-15.139219130.163-15.756220120.15-16.478221100.125-18.06182290.113-18.93842380.1-202470.088-21.11032560.075-22.49882640.05-2

26、6.02062730.038-28.40432820.025-32.04122920.025-32.04123010.013-37.72113110.013-37.7211320035004000角錐H面角度測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)歸一化分貝歸一化-3000-2700-2610.-37.8419-2510.-37.8419-2420.-31.8213-2320.-31.8213-2230.-28.2995-2140.-25.8007-2040.-25.8007-1960.-22.2789-1880.-19.7801-17100.-17.8419-16120.-16.2583-15140.-14.9193-14

27、170.-13.2329-13190.24359-12.2668-12210.-11.3975-11240.-10.2377-10280.-8.89873-9330.-7.47161-8380.-6.24622-7440.-4.97284-6500.-3.86249-5550.-3.03464-4570.-2.72439-3640.-1.71829-2700.-0.93993-1740.-0.45726078101760.-0.225622740.-0.457263710.-0.816734670.-1.32045610.-2.13536550.-3.034647500.-3.86249844

28、0.-4.972849380.-6.2462210330.-7.4716111280.-8.8987312220.-10.993413200.25641-11.821314170.-13.232915140.-14.919316100.-17.84191780.-19.78011860.-22.27891950.-23.86252040.-25.80072130.-28.29952220.-31.82132320.-31.82132410.-37.84192510.-37.84192610.-37.8419270028002900300040005000實(shí)驗(yàn)二 天線演示性試驗(yàn)1. 微波暗室包括吸收層和屏蔽層兩部分組成，請(qǐng)回答這兩部分是用什么材料實(shí)現(xiàn)的？微波暗室包括屏蔽層和吸收層兩部分組成。屏蔽層：由屏蔽殼體、屏蔽門、通風(fēng)波導(dǎo)窗及各類電源濾波器等組成。屏蔽殼體通常采用焊接式，大部分是用金屬材料制成。吸收層：主要由吸波材料構(gòu)成，如單層鐵氧體片和錐形含碳海綿吸波材料，錐形含碳海綿吸波材料是由聚氨脂泡沫塑料在碳膠溶液中滲透而成，具有較好的阻燃特性