五年制特微zhao單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題

1、 Actinomycetes General propertiesn1 ) . F i l a m e n t o u s prokaryotic microbes, form hyphaen2). Cell structure is similar to bacterian3 ) . s e n s i t i v e t o antibioticsn4). Actinomyces colonies - Sulphur granules（硫磺硫磺樣顆粒）樣顆粒） Pathogenicity Two important pathogenic genera : Actinomyces: eg.

2、A. israelii(衣氏放線菌衣氏放線菌) Nocardia: eg. N. Asteroides （星型諾卡（星型諾卡菌）菌） A. israelii N. asteroides G+ , non-acid fast G+ , acid fast anaerobic aerobic normal flora of oral in the soil endogenous infection exogenous infection pyogenic infection pyogenic infection actinomycosis（ cervicofacial pneumonia 、abd

3、ominal ） Laboratory diagnosis nSpecimens (pus, tissues) - Sulfur granulesTreatmentnantibiotics （ eg. Penicillin）nsurgical excision Mycoplasma I. Important properties1. The smallest free-living prokaryotic organisms that can grow in artificial media.2. Non-cell wall、 pleomorphic、 can pass through bac

4、terial filters3. some mycoplasma have specialized terminal structure （adhere to mucosal surfaces）4. Culture: “fried-egg” shape colony Mycoplasma （filamentous） terminal structure “fried-egg” shape colony 5. Resistant ： (1)week； 45 1530 min killed (2) resistant to penicillin, polymyxin 6. Note: differ

5、ence between Mycoplasma and bacterial L-form II. PathogenicitynMycoplasma(支原體屬支原體屬) * M.pneumoniae( Mp, 肺炎支原體肺炎支原體)nUreaplasma(脲原體屬脲原體屬) * U.urealyticum( Uu, 溶脲脲原體溶脲脲原體) 1. M. pneumoniae(MP) adhere to respiratory tract epithelial cell(P1 protein) release virulence products (H2O2) injure epithelial c

6、ell Disease: Primary atypical pneumonia，PAP (acute interstitial pneumonia) 2. Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) Disease: Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU) - genitourinary tract infection(STD); RickettsiaHoward Taylor Ricketts History 1. small G- bacilli, 2. filterable 3. obligate intracellular parasites Impo

7、rtant propertises4. Transmitted by arthropod vector ( louse , flea, mite , tick ). (虱虱 蚤蚤 螨螨 蜱蜱)5. cause zoonosis.（major clinical findings：high fever, rash）6. sensitive to antibioticRickettsia route of transmission:R. prowazekii: - cause Epidemic typhus human lousehuman lousehumanhuman Epidemic typh

8、us route of transmission: rat rat flea rat louse rat flea human human rat R. mooseri - cause Endemic typhusA.Phogocytophilum (嗜吞噬細(xì)胞無形體嗜吞噬細(xì)胞無形體)- cause Human granulocyticanaplasmosis （HGA）人粒細(xì)胞無形體病人粒細(xì)胞無形體病.vector：Ticks Chlamydiae 湯飛凡湯飛凡中國第一代醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)家中國第一代醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)家年他首次分離出沙眼衣原體，是世界上年他首次分離出沙眼衣原體，是世界上發(fā)現(xiàn)重要病原體的

9、第一個(gè)中國人發(fā)現(xiàn)重要病原體的第一個(gè)中國人 。1. small prokaryotic microbes, filterable ,2. cell wall, similar to G- bacillus,3. obligate intracellular parasite,4. unique life-cycle ,5. sensitive to antibioticImportant propertisesunique life-cycle nelementary body -very little (0.3m ), infectious form;ninitial body- larger

10、 (1m ), non-infectious, replication form Inclusion body衣原體包涵體（碘染色）衣原體包涵體（碘染色）衣原體包涵體免疫熒光染色衣原體包涵體免疫熒光染色Classification 1.Chlamydia trachomatis :(1)Biovar trachoma : 14 serotypes (A - K)(2)Biovar lymphogranuloma Venereun(LGV): 4 serotypes (3)Biovar mouse 2. Chlamydia pneumoniae: 1 serotype3. Chlamydia p

11、sittaci Pathogenicity(1) C.trachomatis Trachoma - caused by A、B、Ba、C serotypes Genital-tract infection (NGU ), -caused by D- Kserotypes;Inclusion conjunctivitis - caused by B、Ba、D- K serotypes Lymphogranuloma venereun (LGV)(2) C. pneumoniarespiratory tract transmission pneumonia(children), coronary

12、heart disease ? Spirochetes Important propertises1. prokaryotic microbes, flexible, helical, possess an axial filament (active motile)2. sensitive to antibiotics (penicillin etc.)3. Dark-field microscope: Fontana silver stain: brown Classification: pathogenic organisms nLeptospira: Leptospira - Lept

13、ospirosisnTreponema: T. pallidium - syphilis(STD)nBorrelia: B.recurrentis -relapsing fever Leptospira T. pallidium B. recurrentisSection 1 LeptospiraDisease n Leptospirosis ( zoonotic disease ) infected animal (mouse/ pig) discharge urine water/soil human skin blood stream Leptospirosis recovery or

14、fatality (30%) Leptospirosis ZoonosesClinical type :(1). Pulmonary- hemorrhage type(2). Influenza- typhoid type (3). Jaundice- hemorrhage type(4). Renal-failure type(5). meningoencephalitis type Immunity nHumoral immunity; after two weeks, specific Ab can be examed Laboratory diagnosis n1. Direct sm

15、ear : Fontana silver stain Dark-field microscope n2. Culture: Korthof medium n3. PCR: n4. ELISA: IgM Section 2 T. pallidiumDisease n Cause syphilis (a common sexually transmitted disease ) nResistance: week nSexually transmitted - contact with mucous-membrane lesions* primary syphilis (10-60 days)* secondary syphilis(2-10 weeks later) * tertiary syphilis (several years later) 1)Sexual syphilis (acquired syphilis)2). Congenital syphilis organism pass th