人教版unit5語法專題-被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)適用學(xué)科英語適用年級(jí)初三適用區(qū)域全國課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)（分鐘）1課時(shí)/60分鐘知識(shí)點(diǎn)主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)：掌握主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別和做題方法方法：牢記主動(dòng)語態(tài)變化成被動(dòng)語態(tài)各自的結(jié)構(gòu)，通過練習(xí)加強(qiáng)理解能力：提升主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句的熟練度教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的?？?種句型教學(xué)難點(diǎn)1、理解并熟練應(yīng)用被動(dòng)和主動(dòng)語態(tài)教學(xué)過程一、 課堂導(dǎo)入給出三組句子，讓學(xué)生自己先自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的差別1. Thomas Edison invented the light. The light was invented by Thomas Edison .2.Jim will ride the mo

2、torbike to his factory tomorrow The motorbike will be ridden to his factory tomorrow3.Tom must finish his homework before Friday. His homework must be finished by Tom before Friday. 二、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)教師聽過提問的方式復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，即初中的常考的6種時(shí)態(tài)，并通過講解上節(jié)課的課后作業(yè)來鞏固加深學(xué)生對(duì)6種時(shí)態(tài)的認(rèn)識(shí)，也為這堂課的學(xué)習(xí)起到一個(gè)預(yù)習(xí)的作用。三、知識(shí)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：語態(tài)分類：英語動(dòng)詞分主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)

3、表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 Tom(執(zhí)) cleans(謂動(dòng)) the room(承) every day.(主動(dòng))The room(承) is cleaned(謂動(dòng)) by Tom(執(zhí)) every day. (被動(dòng)) 【考查點(diǎn)】被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞done， 即be done ，常譯為“被”、“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：什么情況用被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者很明顯。這時(shí)往往不用by 短語。 Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons

4、. 文字處理技巧會(huì)在電腦課上教授2.【考查點(diǎn)】不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。 Some new computers were stolen last night. 昨天晚上一些新的電腦被偷掉了。3.【考查】突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。 The window was broken by Mike. 窗戶是邁克打破的。知識(shí)點(diǎn)3：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化：通過助動(dòng)詞be的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化來體現(xiàn)，done不變。注意主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化?！究疾禳c(diǎn)】必須掌握的五種時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài) ：以do為例，掌握下列時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，形式變化如下：1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are +

5、done2一般過去時(shí)：was / were + done3一般將來時(shí)：shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been + done5情態(tài)動(dòng)詞： can/may/must/should/have to be done1.2.【考查點(diǎn)】 以下時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作一般了解：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + done 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was / were + being + done過去完成時(shí)：had + been + done 過去將來時(shí)：should / would + be do

6、ne知識(shí)點(diǎn)4：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法 My aunt invited me to her dinner party.執(zhí)行者 動(dòng)詞 承受者 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.承受者 謂語 by+執(zhí)行者1.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的謂語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的be + 過去分詞，時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by 的賓語，放在被動(dòng)語態(tài)里謂語動(dòng)詞之后，by 短語可以省略。知識(shí)點(diǎn)5：語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)所注意的問題1.【考查點(diǎn)】把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，先找原主動(dòng)句中的動(dòng)賓短語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一

7、致，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought. (正確)A new computer have been bought. (錯(cuò)誤)2. 【考查點(diǎn)】含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)，一般變間接賓語為主語。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可說：

8、 A present was given to me yesterday.3.【考查點(diǎn)】由動(dòng)詞+ 介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，要把它們作為整體看，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動(dòng)詞有：動(dòng)詞+介詞，如: laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, work on等。動(dòng)詞+副詞，如: sell out, find out, give up, hand in, work out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn on, wake up等。 The most

9、difficult problem was worked out by Tom. The song is often listened to by girls.4.【考查點(diǎn)】帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在謂語動(dòng)詞后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean. (keep sth. clean)The classroom is always kept clean. (sth be kept clean)(2) She told us not to stay up late. (tell sb

10、 not to do )We were told not to stay up late . (sb. be told not to do )5【考查點(diǎn)】在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后都補(bǔ)上to。 We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.記住下列變化：see sb dobe seen to dohear sb do.be heard to dolis

11、ten to sb dobe listened to to domake sb dobe made to do6【考查點(diǎn)】主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的詞有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等，它們經(jīng)常與well, badly, easily等副詞連用。 (1)The cloth washes easily. 這布很好洗。(2)The new computer sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。(3)The printer prints quickly. 這個(gè)打印機(jī)打印很快。 對(duì)比：The books sell well. (主動(dòng)句) The books were

12、 sold out. (被動(dòng)句)7【考查點(diǎn)】只有動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。下列情況的主動(dòng)句不能改為被動(dòng)句： 第一，感官連系動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)意義，如：feel, look, seem, taste, sound, smell等。 (1) Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.誤：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.誤：The food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.誤：The pop music is s

13、ounded beautiful.8【考查點(diǎn)】一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：happen,take place, break out, belong to, come out, come true等。如： The accident took place last night.誤：The accident was taken place last night.9【考查點(diǎn)】 在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：據(jù)說 It is said that 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.眾所周

14、知 It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.四、例題精析【例題1】The children will sing an English song. (改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))An English song _  _  _ by the children.【答案】will be sang【解析】本題考查主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句，將原句的主語變?yōu)橘e語，原句賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，同時(shí)注意是將來時(shí)?！纠}2】An accident _ on this road last week.A.has been happened B.

15、was happened C.is happened D.happened【答案】D【解析】本題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但是選項(xiàng)中happen 與take place 均不能用被動(dòng)。【例題3】So far,the moon _ by man already.A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.has visited【答案】C【解析】本題考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)問題,月亮是被參觀，故排除D選項(xiàng)的主動(dòng)形式，再根據(jù)句末的already,故要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！纠}4】Who_ this fantastic novel?I dont know.

16、A. is written B .wrote C. writes D.was written【答案】B【解析】本題考查是否需要用被動(dòng)的問題。題目問，誰寫了這部如此好的小說，可知要用主動(dòng)，不用被動(dòng)，所以A與D排除，而時(shí)態(tài)上要用過去時(shí)。五、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】1 A story _ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us【答案】B【解析】考查有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故事是昨天被講，同時(shí)又是講給我們的，所以用過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)后，還要注意加介詞to 再加us2The monkey was see

17、n _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump【答案】D【解析】在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后都補(bǔ)上to。3.These books _. So many people are interested in them A. are sold well B. sell well C. sell good D. sell badly【答案】C【解析】sell只能用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，該句又是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

18、，所以C正確。4 _ a new library _ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build【答案】B【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)問題。由last year 可知要用過去時(shí)，同時(shí)橋是被建，只有B符合?！眷柟獭? A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives【答案】C【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)問題。由next week

19、 可知，要用將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)。6.  The mobile phone has influenced people life a lot since it _.  A. invents      B. invented      C. is invented    

20、0; D. was invented  【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：自從手機(jī)發(fā)明后，它在很大程度上影響了人們的生活。根據(jù)句意判斷用一般過去時(shí)，手機(jī)與動(dòng)詞invent在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。7.On June 11th, 2013,Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts _ into space from the space center

21、60;in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.  A. sent up                B. are sent up      C. was sent up  D were sent up 【答案】C【解析】本題考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。由On June 11th, 2013可知該句為一般過去時(shí)，排除B項(xiàng)；主語Shenzhou-10與謂語動(dòng)詞存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選C?！景胃摺? Excuse me. I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you