虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法總結(jié)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法總結(jié)語(yǔ)氣：語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一中形式，它表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。語(yǔ)氣的種類：（1）陳述語(yǔ)氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的，確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句，疑問(wèn)句和某些感嘆句。如 We are ready. What a fine day it is!（2）祈使語(yǔ)氣 表示說(shuō)話人的建議，請(qǐng)求，邀請(qǐng)，命令等。如 Open the door, Please.應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 主語(yǔ)通常是第二人稱you，但多不出現(xiàn)，動(dòng)詞用原形，否定用do not 或者dont 加動(dòng)詞原形（或be） 如 Be careful next time. Dont smoke here

2、. 2. 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，主語(yǔ)也可以出現(xiàn)，而且可以是第三人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不加-s或者-es 如 You be quiet. He stand up.3. 祈使語(yǔ)氣可以用do加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣 如 Do come to see this Sunday.4. 在Lets 的祈使句后，疑問(wèn)部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑問(wèn)部分用will you 如 Lets go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you?5. 祈使句與連詞and連用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件句，而and之后則是表示結(jié)果。如 Thi

3、nk hard and you will have a good idea.（3）虛擬語(yǔ)氣 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望，假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。如 If I were you, I should study English. 一虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件從句的用法條件句有兩類，一類是真實(shí)條件句；一類是非真實(shí)條件句，也就是虛擬條件句。 如果假設(shè)的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實(shí)條件句，謂語(yǔ)要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。如 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果假設(shè)的情況是過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)?lái)不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如 If h

4、e had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，列表如下：從句（條件句）主句（結(jié)果句）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1） 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2） Be一般用wereShouldWould +動(dòng)詞原形CouldMight與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)Had +分詞ShouldWould + have+ 過(guò)去分詞CouldMight與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小1）should+ 動(dòng)詞原形2）were to+動(dòng)詞原形ShouldWould + 動(dòng)詞原形CouldMight例如：If he

5、 were here, everything would be all right.If her mother had taken the doctors advice, she would/might have got well earlier.If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled.有時(shí)候省略if，采用局部倒裝語(yǔ)序。把had /should/were 等動(dòng)詞（不包括行為動(dòng)詞）移到從句的句首。例如：Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled.Had it

6、 not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time.Should the earth stop running, what would happen?二. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句有時(shí)條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)需要根據(jù)意思采用表示不同時(shí)間的動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)進(jìn)行調(diào)整。If she had taken the doctors advice, she might still be alive.If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.三含蓄條件句1.有時(shí)候假設(shè)的情況并不用條件從句表示

7、出來(lái)，而是通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。如 Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things. But for your help (If it hadnt been for your help), I couldnt have done it.2. 假設(shè)的條件通過(guò)上下文表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。I would go abroad for further study but that I am poor.I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the party.

8、3. 表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣的主句或從句有時(shí)可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。（1）省去條件從句 You could have washed your clothes yourself. （你本可以自己洗衣服的。）省去了If you had wanted to。（事實(shí)是：你自己沒(méi)洗衣服，因?yàn)槟悴幌胂?。）?）省去主句（常用以表示愿望）If my grandmother were with me! (如果我的祖母和我在一起多好?。?事實(shí)是：祖母已不在世。四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用 “wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，漢語(yǔ)可譯為“可惜、悔不該、但愿”。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式

9、；表示將來(lái)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形”；表示過(guò)去不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)用“had+過(guò)去分詞”。如：I wish I were better-looking. 要是我長(zhǎng)得再漂亮些就好了。 I wish I had met the film star just now. 我要是剛才遇到那位電影明星該多好?。?I wish I would be a solider. 我想當(dāng)一名軍人。【考例】How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden! (上海 2002春)A. has B. had C. will

10、have D. had had 【答案】B。 在表示建議、要求、愿望、命令、堅(jiān)持、想法(advise, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest)等動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句，或這些動(dòng)詞的同源名詞后面所跟的同位語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，其中在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中，should常省略。如：The young man insisted that I (should) go with his fellows. 這個(gè)年輕人堅(jiān)持要我同他的同伴們一起去。

11、 The doctor advised that he change his job. 醫(yī)生建議他換工作。【考例】Teachers recommend parents their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. (福建 2010) A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow 【答案】A。 在would rather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)常常用過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的情況。如： Shall I open the

12、 window? 我可以把窗戶打開嗎? Id rather you didnt. 我覺(jué)得還是不要。 【考例】George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he more on its culture. (江蘇2010) A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused【答案】B。 在It is +形容詞(important, necessary, good, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funn

13、y, strange, surprising) +that從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：It is natural that she (should) do so. 很自然她應(yīng)該這樣做?！究祭?Dont you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is he has refused to. (江蘇2005)A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be se

14、nt; what D. should not send; what【答案】B。五、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用 1. if only的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣if only 與 I wish一樣，也用于表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望，其后所接虛擬語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)態(tài)與 wish 后所接時(shí)態(tài)的情況相同。如： If only the player had had more courage! 這位選手再多有一些勇氣就好了。If only Daisy would go with me! 黛茜要是愿意和我一起去就好了!【考例】Look at the trouble I am in! If only I your advice

15、. (上海 2003春)A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow 【答案】C。 2. as if (as though)方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣as if (as though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(1) as if 從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣的情況。當(dāng)說(shuō)話者所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)。如：It sounds as if it is raining. 聽起來(lái)像是在下雨。 (2) as if 從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況。 當(dāng)說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為句子所述的是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)。從句虛

16、擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的形式如下： 從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如： He talks as if he knew where she was. 他說(shuō)話的樣子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。 從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had過(guò)去分詞”。如： He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他說(shuō)起羅馬來(lái)好像他以前去過(guò)似的。 從句表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的可能性不大，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would (could, might)動(dòng)詞原形”。如： It looks as if it might snow. 看起來(lái)好像要下雪了。3. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬

17、語(yǔ)氣（1）以in order that, so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)多用could/might+動(dòng)詞原形，在口語(yǔ)中常用can/could+動(dòng)詞原形She took a taxi so that she could get there on time.(2)以lest, for fear that和in case 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。She took an umbrella with her lest/for fear that/in case it should rain.六其他形式的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 1. It s time that句型中的虛

18、擬語(yǔ)氣 在It s time that句型中，從句謂語(yǔ)通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原形 (should不能省略)，其意為“(早)該做某事了”。如：Its high time that we were off. 是我們?cè)撟叩臅r(shí)候了。2.在would/had rather, would(just) as soon, would sooner和 would prefer結(jié)構(gòu)中，也用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。共同特點(diǎn)是：從句中動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)要做的事；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，則表示過(guò)去的情況。Id rather you left tomorrow.I would just as soon you had

19、 told me the truth yesterday.I would rather have bought the dictionary. 3. 表示“祝愿”時(shí)，常用“may + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其它”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風(fēng)！May your youth last forever! 祝你青春永駐！ 強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練1. more careful, his bus would not have knocked into the tree. A. If the driver were B. Had the driver been C. Should the driver be D. If the driver would have been 2. the football competition, I would have gone to the concert yesterday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 3. Look at the terrible situation you are in! If only you my advice! A. listen to B. would li