分析虛擬儀器軟件代替硬件儀器的應(yīng)用

1、分析虛擬儀器軟件代替硬件儀器的使用在儀器設(shè)計(jì)或測(cè)試系統(tǒng)中盡可能用軟件代替硬件，即“軟件就是儀器”，它是在通用計(jì)算機(jī)平臺(tái)上，根據(jù)用戶需求來(lái)定義和設(shè)計(jì)儀器的測(cè)試功能，其實(shí)質(zhì)是充分利用計(jì)算機(jī)的最 新技術(shù)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)和擴(kuò)展傳統(tǒng)儀器的功能，這種測(cè)試儀器的硬件功能軟件化，給測(cè)試儀器帶來(lái)了深刻的變化，因此虛擬儀器代表了當(dāng)前測(cè)試儀器發(fā)展的方向之一。In instrument designing or testing system using software instead of hardware as far as possible, namely "software is instrument&quo

2、t;, it is on general computer platform, according to user needs to define and design the instrument test function, its essence is to take full advantage of the latest computer technology to realize and expand the function of the traditional instruments, software, hardware functions of this instrumen

3、t to testing instruments has brought profound changes, so virtual instrument represents one of the developing direction of the current testing instruments.2、虛擬儀器的特點(diǎn)和構(gòu)成2, the characteristics of virtual instrument and composition2.1虛擬儀器的特點(diǎn)2.1 the characteristics of virtual instrument和傳統(tǒng)儀器相比，虛擬儀器具有高效、開

4、放、易用靈 活、功能強(qiáng)大、性價(jià)比高、可操作性好等明顯優(yōu)點(diǎn)。Compared with traditional instrument, virtual instrument has high efficiency, open, flexible and easy to use and powerful, cost-effective, good operability and other obvious advantages.2.2虛擬儀器的構(gòu)成2.2 the composition of virtual instrument虛擬儀器的構(gòu)建主要從硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)、軟件開發(fā)和設(shè)計(jì)兩個(gè)方面考慮。The

5、 construction of virtual instrument is mainly from the hardware circuit design, software development and design two aspects to consider.根據(jù)目前我們所完成的測(cè)試設(shè)備，硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)一般是選擇現(xiàn)有的各種不同功能的板卡以及信號(hào)調(diào)理板來(lái) 搭建。所選用板卡的功能包括：高速數(shù)據(jù)采集和信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換: 信號(hào)輸出和控制；數(shù)據(jù)的a/d轉(zhuǎn)換。將具有一種或多種功 能的板卡結(jié)合信號(hào)調(diào)理板組建起來(lái)，就能構(gòu)成任何一種虛擬儀器。例如使用高速數(shù)據(jù)采集板卡和高速實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)處理 就能構(gòu)成1臺(tái)示波器、1

6、臺(tái)數(shù)字化儀或1臺(tái)頻譜分析儀: 使用數(shù)字量信號(hào)輸入/輸出板卡和實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)處理就能構(gòu)成1臺(tái)函數(shù)發(fā)生器、1臺(tái)信號(hào)源或1臺(tái)控制器。According to the present we have complete testing equipment, the hardware circuit design of the general is to select the existing various functions of the card and signal conditioning board to build. Chooses the card features include: high

7、speed data acquisition and signal conversion; Signal output and control; Data of the a/d conversion. Combine with functions of one or more of the card signal conditioning board together, will constitute any kind of virtual instrument. For example, using high speed data acquisition board and high-spe

8、ed real-time data processing can constitute one oscilloscope and 1 digitizer or 1 spectrum analyzer; Using digital signal input/output boards can form 1 and real-time data processing function signal generator, 1 or 1 controller.3、虛擬儀器在實(shí)際測(cè)控系統(tǒng)中的使用3, the application of virtual instrument in the actual

9、measurement and control system3.1虛擬儀器在航空機(jī)載電子 測(cè)控系統(tǒng)中的使用3.1 virtual instrument application in airborne electronic measurement and control system測(cè)控系統(tǒng)在航空機(jī)載成件中起著舉足輕重的作用，提高和完善測(cè)控系統(tǒng)的精度和測(cè)試能力對(duì)于整個(gè)飛機(jī)性能 分析具有重要的意義。我們主要完成了基于虛擬儀器的各 型繼電器盒、各型開關(guān)盒測(cè)控系統(tǒng)的編織袋水性油墨測(cè) 試。使用數(shù)字采集板及工控機(jī)并在 labwindows/cvi開發(fā) 平臺(tái)中實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)整個(gè)測(cè)試的電壓采集、 對(duì)各型繼電器盒的

10、邏輯狀態(tài)及延時(shí)時(shí)間進(jìn)行輸出存儲(chǔ)和分析。Measurement and control system in the airborne pieces plays a pivotal role, enhance and improve the precision of measurement and control system and testing capability for the aircraft performance analysis has important significance. We mainly completed each relay box, each model b

11、ased on virtual instrument switch box test measurement and control system. Using a digital acquisition boards and industrial control in labwindows/cvi development platform and implements a voltage acquisition for the entire test, for each relay box of the logic of the state and output delay time for

12、 storage and analysis.測(cè)試系統(tǒng)組成3.1.1 test system整個(gè)測(cè)控系統(tǒng)由美國(guó)ni公司的labwindows/cvi8.0,研華的1塊pci_175148路數(shù)字量輸入/輸出板,2塊pci_1754 64 路數(shù)字量輸入板、2塊pcld_785b 24 通道繼 電器輸出板、6塊pcld_782 24通道光電隔離數(shù)字量輸入 板,1塊pcl_818l 16通道a/d轉(zhuǎn)換板、若干信號(hào)調(diào)理板及 工控機(jī)組成。The whole measurement and control system by the ni Iabwindows/cvi8.0, grind degrees of

13、 1 piece of pci_1751 48 road digital quantity input/output board, 2 piece pci_1754 64 digital tablet, 2 piece pcld_785b 24 channel relay output board, 6 piece of pcld_782 24 digital photoelectric isolation tablet, 1 piece of pcl_818l 16 channel a/d conversion board, number of signal conditioning boa

14、rd and industrial control.測(cè)控系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集和處理采用虛擬儀器測(cè)量平臺(tái)。測(cè)控部分主要作用是參和被測(cè)產(chǎn)品的控制、測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)處理和量化,驅(qū)動(dòng)測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)顯示；工控機(jī)通過(guò)數(shù)字量輸出板，經(jīng)繼電器輸出板變換為被測(cè)產(chǎn)品的模擬控制信號(hào)；從被測(cè)產(chǎn)品采集來(lái)的電氣邏輯信號(hào)經(jīng)光電隔對(duì)旋局部通風(fēng)機(jī)離數(shù) 字量輸入板轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字量信號(hào)，通過(guò)數(shù)字量輸入板輸至工 控機(jī);另外,利用a/d轉(zhuǎn)換板來(lái)顯示電壓；利用系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘來(lái)完 成被測(cè)產(chǎn)品的時(shí)間繼電器延時(shí)時(shí)間的測(cè)試。Measurement and control system of data acquisition and processing with virtu

15、al instrument measurement platform. Measurement and control part of the main function is involved in the control of the product under test, test data processing and quantitative, the drive test data display; Industrial computer through digital output board, the relay output board transform for produ

16、cts tested simulation control signal; Measured products collected from electric signal by photoelectric isolated digital logic measure tablet can be converted into digital signal, through the digital quantity input board sent to industrial control; In addition, the use of a/d conversion board to dis

17、play the voltage; Time to finish the products tested the system clock is used to relay delay time test.基于虛擬儀器的航空機(jī)載電子系統(tǒng)測(cè)控平臺(tái)3.1.2 the airborne electronic system based on virtual instrument measurement and control platform該平臺(tái)整體系統(tǒng)采用美國(guó)國(guó)家儀器公司的虛擬儀器 專用開發(fā)平臺(tái)labwindows/cvi系統(tǒng)。由于cvi在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)c語(yǔ) 言(ansi c)的基礎(chǔ)上增加了儀器控制和工具函

18、數(shù)庫(kù)的虛擬 儀器開發(fā)軟件，它的集成化開發(fā)平臺(tái)、交互式編程方法、 豐富的面板功能和庫(kù)函數(shù)使其自身功能更加強(qiáng)大，使用更加方便,界面完全能夠虛擬真實(shí)實(shí)物進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，使得人機(jī)對(duì) 話界面直觀、友好。The platform as a whole system adopts special virtual instrument development platform of the national instruments labwindows/cvi systems. Since cvi (ANSI c) in the standard c language on the basis of increas

19、ed instrument control and tool function library of virtual instrument software development, integrated development platform, interactive programming method of it, the rich palette and library functions to make its functions more powerful, more convenient application, virtual reality interface can co

20、mpletely physical design, makes the man-machine dialogue interface intuitive and friendly.由于測(cè)試的產(chǎn)品種類多，歸屬性強(qiáng)，因此系統(tǒng)測(cè)控平臺(tái) 的用戶界面采用下拉菜單式，所需測(cè)試的產(chǎn)品一目了然，選 用方便。Due to the test of product variety, strong GuiShuXing, so the system measurement and control platform user interface using the drop-down menu type, requir

21、ed to test the product at a glance, use convenient.3.2基于虛擬儀器的測(cè)控平臺(tái)在測(cè)控系統(tǒng)中的使用所使用的幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)3.2 measurement and control platform based on virtual instrument technology application in the measurement and control system used by a few key technology通過(guò)采用系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘的方法提高軟件測(cè)時(shí)時(shí)間3.2.1 improve software test by using the me

22、thod of the system clock time在測(cè)試過(guò)程中要獲得延時(shí)繼電器的時(shí)間，一種方法是采用定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器板專門進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)，另一種方法是采用系 統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)。由于所需測(cè)試的時(shí)間為秒級(jí)，要求誤差為20%,采用后一種方法完全能達(dá)到，一是可以節(jié)約成本,二是選購(gòu)的計(jì)算 機(jī)可不必多配置一個(gè)插槽，節(jié)省了空間。在程序中使用了以下函數(shù)來(lái)獲取高精度時(shí)間，它的精度可以達(dá)到毫秒級(jí)。In the testing process to get the time delay relay, one approach is to use the timer/counter board dedicated to

23、 count, another method is to use the system clock to count. Due to the required test time for the second level, request error was 20%, using the latter method can fully meet, it is can save the cost, the second is to choose the calculation doesn't need a machine equipped with a slot, more save a

24、 space. In the program using the following function to obtain a high precision time, its precision can reach millisecond.在測(cè)控系統(tǒng)中運(yùn)用了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理技術(shù)3.2.2 use database management technology in the measurement and control system由于lab windows/cvi開發(fā)平臺(tái)能夠方便使用ni公司開發(fā)的sql工具包,使得大量的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)能夠以數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的 形式存儲(chǔ)、查詢。Due to lab Windows/

25、cvi development platform can convenient use SQL kit developed by ni company, makes a lot of test data can be stored in the form of a database, query.在測(cè)控系統(tǒng)中，可以通過(guò)所設(shè)置的產(chǎn)品名稱、件號(hào)、 時(shí)間、測(cè)試結(jié)果、溫濕度、試驗(yàn)者、質(zhì)控者等字段來(lái)進(jìn)行 保存,完成了一套產(chǎn)品的履歷記錄，通過(guò)查詢產(chǎn)品的件號(hào)、 時(shí)間等就可以調(diào)出每個(gè)產(chǎn)品的測(cè)試記錄，這樣就解脫了人工管理的諸多不便，提高了工作效率。In measurement and control system, can be set by the product name, part number, time, temperature and humidity test results, and participants, quality control and other fields to save, to complete a set of product record record, by