中考英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)選擇題部分知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解

1、中考英語(yǔ) 單項(xiàng)選擇 相關(guān)講解幾組近義動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組辨析1幾個(gè)“花費(fèi)”：spend, take, pay, cost. （1）spend多用人作主語(yǔ)，后接金錢(qián)或時(shí)間。spend on sth / （in） doing sth， 例如：I spent 15 yuan on this new book. （2）take常用于 "It takes sb. some time to do sth" 句型中，例如： It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day. （3）pay常與for連用，表“付給款”

2、。例如：I paid 15 Yuan for this new book. （4）cost常用物作主語(yǔ)，表“價(jià)值或花費(fèi)多少錢(qián)”，例如：This new book cost me 15 Yuan. 2幾個(gè)“看”：look, see, watch, read, find （1）look 看，表動(dòng)作，look at。例如：Please dont look out of the window.（2）see 看見(jiàn)，表結(jié)果；也可說(shuō)看電影“see a film”。例如：His father saw him sitting on some eggs. （3）watch 觀(guān)看比賽、演出、電視等。（4）read讀

3、書(shū)看報(bào)等文字材料。例如：My father is reading newspaper now.3幾個(gè)與“看”有關(guān)的詞或詞組：look for, find, find out, look after, take care of, look over, look forward to, （1）look for尋找，表過(guò)程；find發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到，表結(jié)果；find out 找出，查明。例如： I looked for my lost pen everywhere, but couldnt find it anywhere.（2）look after, take care of 均表示“照看，照顧”。（3

4、）look over 檢查身體等。（4）look forward to盼望，期待。例如：I am looking forward to your letter. She looks forward to going to visit her grandparents in Dalian.4幾個(gè)“說(shuō)”：say, speak, talk, tell （1）say接說(shuō)話(huà)的內(nèi)容，作及物動(dòng)詞。say sth to sb. 對(duì)某人說(shuō)某事。例如： Did you say goodbye to your granny?（2）speak常指能說(shuō)某種語(yǔ)言，打電話(huà)時(shí)常用它表示說(shuō)話(huà)，也有“演講”的意思，不強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話(huà)的內(nèi)

5、容。例如： We can speak Chinese and English. May I speak to Henry? He will speak at the meeting tonight.（3）talk多是不及物動(dòng)詞，指交談、談?wù)?；做名詞時(shí)有演講、報(bào)告之意。例如： They are talking about their friends now. I will talk to your father about your health next time. Mr. Zhang is going to give us a talk at the meeting.（4）tell的意思是“

6、告訴某人；講述；吩咐某人做”。多為及物動(dòng)詞，后面多接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。例如： I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow. Granny often tells me funny stories. The policeman told us not to play football in the street again.5幾個(gè)“穿，戴”：put on, wear, dress, in （1）put on指“穿上、戴上”的意思，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，代詞多放在中間。例如： Here is your coat. Put it on, Lucy

7、. He put on his new pair of sunglasses and went out.（2）wear指“穿著，戴著”，表示狀態(tài)。例如： -“What is she wearing?” - “Shes wearing a red hat and a blue jacket.”（3）dress指“給某人穿衣服”，其賓語(yǔ)多是人。例如： My mother is dressing herself. My little brother is too young. Mom dresses him every morning. dress up 指“穿上盛裝，打扮”（4）in 后多接衣服的

8、顏色，表示“穿著顏色衣服的”。例如： The man in black is my father. Have you seen a boy in a red sweater?6幾個(gè)“到達(dá)”：reach, arrive in / at, get to（1）reach是個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，它后面可以直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。例如：We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday.（2）arrive是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，后面接表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)需在賓語(yǔ)前加介詞in或at（在國(guó)家和較大的城市或地區(qū)前用in，較小的地方或單位前用at）。例如： We have already arri

9、ved in Shanghai. They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday.（3）get to 表示到達(dá)，多用于口語(yǔ)中。例如：I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00.注意：當(dāng)表示到達(dá)here, there, home時(shí)，arrive或get后不要加介詞。例如：When did you get home? When will you arrive there?7幾個(gè)“帶、拿”：bring, take, get, carry （1）bring指將某物或某人從離說(shuō)話(huà)人較遠(yuǎn)處“拿來(lái)”或“帶來(lái)”。例如：Youd better fin

10、ish you homework today and bring it to school tomorrow. May I bring Tom along?Bring the book to me, please. （2）take指將某物或某人從離說(shuō)話(huà)人較近處“帶到”或“拿到” 離說(shuō)話(huà)人較遠(yuǎn)處。例如：Could you take the book to the classroom? I am busy now. （3）get指從說(shuō)話(huà)人所在位置到別處把某物拿來(lái)。例如：Will you get that book for me? （4）carry不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作來(lái)去的方向，只說(shuō)明動(dòng)作方式，表示

11、“背著、扛著、提著、載著”等含義。例如The buses and taxis are carry people here and there. The box is so heavy that the little boy cant carry it.8幾個(gè)與“聽(tīng)”有關(guān)的詞或詞組：listen to, hear, hear of, hear from （1）listen to 聽(tīng)，表示聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作。（2）hear 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，聽(tīng)到。表示結(jié)果。例如：I listened to the speaker carefully, but I couldnt hear anything. （3）hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō)

12、。例如：Have you heard of this news?（4）hear from收到某人的信息或來(lái)信。例如：I heard from my friend in Australia last week.9beat和win （1）beat表示“贏”或“打敗”，后面要接被打敗的對(duì)手。例如：Our football team beat theirs by 3 to 1. （2）win用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面接的不是被打敗的對(duì)手，而是比賽本身、游戲、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、名次等。例如：Our football team won the football game by 3 to 1.10rise和raise （1）

13、rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“上升、提高、增長(zhǎng)”等。例如：The sun rises in the east. Our countrys international prestige（國(guó)際聲望）is rising continually.（2）raise是及物動(dòng)詞，表示“舉起、抬起”。He raised his hand picked an apple.11borrow, lend和keep （1）borrow指其邏輯主語(yǔ)從別處或別人那里“借來(lái)”東西，常與介詞from連用。例如：May I borrow some money from you? You can borrow books from

14、 the library. （2）lend指其邏輯主語(yǔ)將東西“借出、借給”別人，常與介詞to連用。例如：Could you lend me some money? The library lends books to the students. （3）keep表示“保存”，與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：How long may I keep the book? I have kept the book for 3 weeks.12receive和accept（1）receive的意思是“收到了”，只表示收到某物，并不表明同意或不同意接受的含義。例如：I received a gift f

15、rom her, but I returned it back to her this morning. （2）accept表示“接受”，“同意接納”。如接受物體、邀請(qǐng)、批評(píng)等。 He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.13answer與reply（1）answer意為“回答、響應(yīng)、答復(fù)、接聽(tīng)電話(huà)”等，多作及物動(dòng)詞。例如：Who can answer my question? I called you, but no one answered the telephone.（2）reply意為“回答、答復(fù)”，是不及物動(dòng)

16、詞，后需加介詞to, at等再加賓語(yǔ)。例如：He didnt want to reply to my questions.14hope與expect （1）hope指主觀(guān)上的愿望，但在客觀(guān)上不一定有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性，常接that從句、動(dòng)詞不定式或以介詞for引出的短語(yǔ)。例如：I hope you will come to see me again when you are 100 years old. Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. （2）expect著重指客觀(guān)上有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的“期待、期望”等，其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式或that從句。例

17、如：I am expecting that you will come soon. She is expecting a letter from him.15lie和lay （1）lie有多個(gè)意思：表示“躺；展示；位于”時(shí)，其變化是：lay, lain, lying； 表示“說(shuō)謊”時(shí)，其變化是：lied, lied, lying 例如：I saw an old man lying on the street. Dont believe him. He always lies. （2）lay的含意是“放置、產(chǎn)卵”等。其變化是：laid, laid, laying. I cant find my

18、book anywhere. I remember that I laid it on the desk last night.習(xí)題精選1. She has the library book for two weeks.A. kept B. lent C. borrowed D. keeping2. “How to learn English well, Miss Read?” “First, try to English in and out of class as much as possible.A. say B. talk C. tell D. speak3. Its hot here

19、. Why not your coat?A. take off B. dress up C. try on D. put on4. We start early tomorrow morning to the top of the hill before the sun rises.A. spend B. reach C. go D. get 5. I am thirsty, please me a bottle of water.A. take B. carry C. pull D. bring6. Mother said that cooking much time every day.A

20、. paid B. took C. made D. spent 7. People usually “hello” to each other when they make a phone call.A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk8. With the help of computers, news can every corner of the world.A. get B. arrive C. return D. reach9. Its too dark in the room. You can nothing. A. look B. look at C.

21、see D. watch10. My father enjoys the newspapers after supper.A. looking B. watching C. finding D. reading11. It me about two hours to do my homework every day.A. takes B. costs C. spends D. pays12. He spoke in a low voice, so nobody could him.A. listen B. listen to C. hear D. hear from13. Can you it

22、 in English?A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell14. What will your friend us from America?A. take B. bring C. carry D. make15. You can see the sun in the east at this time if it is a fine day.A. to rise B. rising C. raising D. to raise非謂語(yǔ)形式：不定式 意義：動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，常發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)或前位非謂語(yǔ)的即時(shí)時(shí)間之后，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)常表示功能、

23、狀語(yǔ)。構(gòu)成：不定式= to動(dòng)詞原形否定結(jié)構(gòu)= not to do sth復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)= for sb.not to do sth與疑問(wèn)詞連用：如what to do在下列動(dòng)詞后的不定式省略“to”：三看look see watch兩聽(tīng)listen hear一感覺(jué)feel，注意notice使make讓let have幫help可不省。形式主語(yǔ)：當(dāng)不定式、否定結(jié)構(gòu)、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、與疑問(wèn)詞連用等形式作句子主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用it來(lái)代替它，而將真正的主語(yǔ)置于謂語(yǔ)之后，“it”叫形式主語(yǔ)。 動(dòng)名詞意義：動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，常常發(fā)生或預(yù)定在謂語(yǔ)或前位非謂語(yǔ)的即時(shí)時(shí)間之前，表示事實(shí)、愛(ài)好、功能、習(xí)慣等，起名詞作用。作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

24、包括介詞賓語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)常表示功能等。 構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞=V+ing . 否定結(jié)構(gòu)= not doing sth . 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)=one notdoing sth現(xiàn)在分詞意義：動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，常指相對(duì)謂語(yǔ)或前位非謂語(yǔ)的即時(shí)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，表示主動(dòng)。用法：常作定語(yǔ)單個(gè)詞前置，短語(yǔ)后置、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)如時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)等。過(guò)去分詞意義：動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，常指相對(duì)謂語(yǔ)或前位非謂語(yǔ)的即時(shí)時(shí)間已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。表示被動(dòng)。 用法：常作定語(yǔ)單個(gè)詞前置，短語(yǔ)后置、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)如時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)等。3舉例說(shuō)明： .I want to give up studying at s

25、chool to look after my sick mother at home.點(diǎn)撥：作謂語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。非謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之后不定式。非謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生在前位非謂語(yǔ)之前動(dòng)名詞。非謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生在前位非謂語(yǔ)之后不定式。 The teacher told us not to forget to turn off the lights when we left the room 點(diǎn)撥：作謂語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)。非謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之后不定式。非謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生在前位非謂語(yǔ)之后不定式。作謂語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 3Look, There is a boy taking down a picture put upon

26、 the wall. 點(diǎn)撥：作謂語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。非謂語(yǔ)相對(duì)謂語(yǔ)即時(shí)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生,主動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞.非謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生在前位非謂語(yǔ)之前表示被動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞.二既要求同亦要尋異 凡事都具有共性，又具有個(gè)性。不能千篇一律地用某個(gè)規(guī)則或原理去解決所有問(wèn)題。因此，在把握實(shí)義動(dòng)詞基本用法的大前提下，教師還要引導(dǎo)、啟發(fā)、教育學(xué)生善于觀(guān)察、比較、體味個(gè)別動(dòng)詞的特殊用法，做到共性與個(gè)性的統(tǒng)一。關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞的使用應(yīng)注意： 1介詞動(dòng)名詞 如：You can watch TV after fishing your homework. 2動(dòng)詞詞組動(dòng)名詞 這樣的動(dòng)詞有： give in doing 屈服做某事 be busy doing 忙

27、于做某事 stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事 practice doing 練習(xí)做某事 enjoy doing 喜歡做某事 finish doing 做完某事 complete doing 做完某事 end up doing 做完某事 mind doing 介意做某事 spendindoing 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事cant stand doing 容忍做某事 keep on doing 一直做某事be worth doing 值得做某事 appreciate doing 感激做某事avoid doing 避免做某事 be used to doing 習(xí)慣做某事pay attenti

28、on to doing 注意做某事 get used to doing 習(xí)慣做某事excuse doing 推辭做某事 give up doing 放棄做某事carry on doing 堅(jiān)持做某事 do some reading 讀書(shū) make a countribution to doing do /washing/swimming洗衣/游泳為做某事做貢獻(xiàn) look forward to doing盼望做某事prefer doing to doing與做某事比， take a swimming course 上游泳課更喜歡做某事 insist on doing 堅(jiān)持做某事stick doi

29、ng 堅(jiān)持做某事 take the leading position 站主導(dǎo)地位consider doing 考慮做某事 imagine doing 想像做某事miss doing 錯(cuò)過(guò)做某事 put off doing 推遲做某事risk doing 冒險(xiǎn)做某事 suggest doing 做某事建議3.下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞，但意義不同： .like/love/hate doing：表示習(xí)慣 例：I like getting up early every morning. to do：表示具體活動(dòng) 例：Can you come out to play with me ? Stop

30、 doing：停止做某事某事不做了例：Please stop working if you are tired. to do：停下來(lái)去做某事某事要做例：I am tired to have a rest. go on doing：繼續(xù)做同一件事 例：Go on studying hard if you want to get better grades. to do：繼續(xù)做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he go on to go to college. .remember doing：記得做過(guò)的事 例：I remember seeing you somewhere.

31、 to do：記得要做的事 例：Rrmember to turn off the light when leaving the room. .forget doing：忘記做過(guò)的事 例：I forget seeing you somewhere to do：忘記要做的事 例：Dont forget to turn off the light when leaving the room .need/want/require doing：表示被動(dòng) 例The blackboard needs cleaningThe blackboard needs to be cleaned. to do：表示主動(dòng)

32、 例：She needs to have a rest. .try doing：試著做某事 例：Let me try driving for you. to do：盡力做某事 例：We must try to finish it on time. .continue doing：繼續(xù)做同一件事 例：Continue studying hard if you want to get better grades. to do：繼續(xù)做另一件事 例：After leaving school,he .continue to go to college. .cant help doing：情不自禁做某事

33、例：when he heard the news,he cant help jumping. to do：不能幫助做某事 例：Sorry, I cant help to do it for you. .mean .doing：意思做某事 例：What I said means not telling him the news now. . to do：打算做某事 例：I mean to start off tomorrow.agree. on doing：對(duì)做某事表示同意 例：We agree on holding a sports meeting soon. . to do：同意要做某事 例

34、：I agree to go to the park on Sunday. .decide . on doing：對(duì)做某事做出決定 例：We have decided on stopping him from woking on. to do：決定要做某事 例：I decide to go abroad for study.encourage. doing：鼓勵(lì)做某事例：The government encourages planting trees to protect the environment. sb. to do：鼓勵(lì)某人做某事 例：The teacher often encour

35、ages us to study hard. .allow. doing：允許做某事例：We dont allow smoking here. sb. to do：允許某人做某事做 例：We dont allow you to smoke here .advise. doing：建議做某事 例：We advise going skating tomorrow. sb. to do：建議某人做某事 例：We advise you to go skating tomorrow.permit. doing：允許做某事 例：The boss did not permit working for sho

36、rter. sb. to do：允許某人做某事 例：The boss did not permitme to work for shorter. .begin/start 開(kāi)始做某事 .doing：“doing” 為動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞或begin/start為其它時(shí)態(tài) 例：Lets begin running. . to do：“do” 為靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞或begin/start已為進(jìn)行時(shí) 例：I began to believe what he had said. 例：It is beginning to rain.plan. on doing對(duì)做某事做出計(jì)劃 例：We have decided on bui

37、lding a school next year. to do計(jì)劃做某事 例：We have decided to build a school next year.1 基本用法： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)原，不隨主語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)變；否定常需not幫，疑問(wèn)提到主語(yǔ)前。2 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞小結(jié)：can could may might must will would shall should dare had better ought to havehashad to be able to need 3.舉例說(shuō)明： . can .“能夠”常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 例：I start so early so that I can get to school on