八年級下廣州滬教牛津Unit2語法：不定式

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流八年級下廣州滬教牛津Unit2語法：不定式.精品文檔.八年級（下）英語Week 2非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式英語動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式為三種： 、 和 。非謂語動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 動(dòng)詞不定式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是 ，否定結(jié)構(gòu)是 。一、用法不定式在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語等。（一）作主語不定式作主語時(shí)，謂語用 。往往用it 作形式主語，把不定式放在謂語后面。如：It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time

2、.It is very kind of you to help us.簡析動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語動(dòng)詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有： (1) (2)  (3)  (4) 句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質(zhì)；句式(2)中常用hard， difficul

3、t， easy， important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，說明不定式所表示動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。  習(xí)題一1. It's our duty _ the room every day. (甘肅省) A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean  D. cleans2. It's hard for us _

4、 English well. (江西省)A. learn  B. Learns C. to learn D. learning 3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。 (北京市海淀區(qū)) It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.4. It's very

5、60;nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. (安徽省) A. for， of  B. of， for  C. to， for  D. of， to（二）作賓語：動(dòng)詞+to do sth1.一些常接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：want, decide, hope, ask,&#

6、160;agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare等。 如：I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.      My mother hates to move from&

7、#160;place to place, for she feels tired. I decide to work hard and get doctors degree.  動(dòng)詞feel, find, make, think, know等后面，常用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語，it做形式賓語的句式：I find it difficult to remember everything. I feel it hard to m

8、ake friends with him.既可接to do又可接ing作賓語，意思差別不太大的動(dòng)詞： like，love，dislike，hate，begin，start，continue，prefer注：有些動(dòng)詞后面可接不定式作賓語，也可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但所表達(dá)的意義不同。常見的有： stop to do sth.停止正在做的事，去做另一件事stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事try to do sth. 企圖做，盡力做某件事try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事（經(jīng)常表示已經(jīng)嘗試過，但沒有做成功）remember to

9、60;do sth.記住去做某事remember doing.記得做過某事forget to do sth.忘記去做某事forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事go on to do sth. 做完一件事后，繼續(xù)做另一件事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事mean to do sth 打算、準(zhǔn)備做某事mean doing sth 意味著做某事習(xí)題二1. He wants _ some vegetables. 

10、;A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省) 2. Don't forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.  (福建省)A. to bring  B. bringing C. to t

11、ake D. taking 3. He found it very difficult _. (湖南省)A. Sleeping  B. Sleeps C. slept  D. to fall asleep  4. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired. (廣西

12、壯族自治區(qū))A. to have  B. Having  C. have  D. has 5. Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home? (湖北省) Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me. A. take

13、0; B. taking  C. to take  D. took 6. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head. (福建省) A. flies  B. flying  C. flew  D. to

14、0;fly 7. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past. (黑龍江省) A. happen  B. happens  C. happening D. to happen 簡析在see， hear， watch， feel等感官動(dòng)詞后面可接 ，也可接 形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，用不定式表示 (動(dòng)作已結(jié)束)，用動(dòng)

15、詞的-ing形式表示 (動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束)。 2.疑問詞( )+動(dòng)詞不定式，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。 I dont know when to go.= I dont know when I will go.I couldnt decide which book to choose. I can tell you where to get this book. They found it hard to&#

16、160;decide whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year.常見的可以接這種不定式短語的動(dòng)詞有： know, see, decide, tell, ask, find, forget, guess, imagine, learn, remember

17、, think, understand等。  （三）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：v. +sb.+ to do sth.如tell sb. to do sth.| ask sb. to do sth. | want sb. to do sth.| call sb. to do sth.| invite sb. to do sth.常接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞：_He asked yo

18、u to call him at ten oclock.    My boss told me to write an email for him.注意： 1.使役動(dòng)詞(讓：let, make, have)和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)應(yīng)省去to，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中應(yīng)加上to。如：He saw a child enter the room.（主動(dòng)）A child was seen to enter the room.（被動(dòng)）這些動(dòng)詞可歸納為“一感(feel)二聽(listen&

19、#160;to, hear)三讓(let, make, have)四看(look at, see, watch, notice)半幫助(help)”。2.動(dòng)詞let不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如：If there is anything is wrong with you, please let me know.    習(xí)題三1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his C

20、hinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with 2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked 3. She was seen_ in the gym. A. dancing B.to dance C. dance D. dances4. They were made _ all day and al

21、l night. A. to work B. working C. works D.work（四）作目的狀語To keep her students interested in her class, she raised her voice.In his third year, he left Harvard University to work for Microsoft.     習(xí)題四1. I bought a big box_ books for

22、children in poor areas.A. collects B. to collect C. collect D. collected 2. _the most fresh fruit and vegetables, please come to our store! A. Buy B. Buying C. To buy D. Bought3. Because I was tried hard, I felt tired and stopped the car _ a short rest. A. have B. having C. to have D. had4. 為了得

23、到個(gè)好座位，她到得很早。 She arrived early _ _ _ get a good seat.     5. She went _ her teacher. (江西省)A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing  6. Meimei

24、0;likes English very much. She does her best _ English well. (四川省) A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns 7. I'm sorry _ that.  (河北省) A. hears 

25、;B. hearing C. hear D. to hear8. I'm sorry _ you. (吉林省) A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled （五）作定語 不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)式作定語。I cant think of any good advice t

26、o give her. Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.常見的名詞有：place, time, way1) He needs some time to finish his homework.2) Is that a good place to hang out?3) You want to know the best way to get around the city.注意：如果不定式動(dòng)詞是 _， 則后面必須加介詞。如：They could not find a place t

27、o live in.(他們找不到住的地方) Please give me a chair to sit on.(請給我一張椅子坐坐) He has got a writing brush to write with.(他找到了寫字的毛筆)習(xí)題五1. Would you like something _? (湖北省)A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks 2. I have 

28、;a lot of homework _. A. do B. Doing C. did D. to do (河南省) 3. He is not an easy man _. (山東省) A. get on B. to get on C. get on with

29、 D. to get on with 二、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式     以下幾種情況使用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：    1.在固定詞組had better、would rather之后。注意:had better的否定形式是 _。例如:You had better go home now.你最好現(xiàn)在回家。     

30、60; It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。   2.在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役動(dòng)詞后,要跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:      I made them give me 

31、the money back.我迫使他們把錢還給我。      I didn't see you come in.我沒看見你進(jìn)來。     3.在引導(dǎo)疑問句的why not之后。 例如:Why not go with us。為什么不和我們一起去呢。     Why not take

32、 a holiday? =Why don't you take a holiday? 為什么不休個(gè)假呢?4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（除ought 外的所有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都不接to，ought to應(yīng)該）5.由 and, or 和 than 連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè) to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.6. but 和 except 前是動(dòng)詞 do 時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。試比較： He wants to do nothing but go

33、out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.7. help 可帶 to ,也可不帶to,  _習(xí)題六1.I usually go there by train.Why not _ by boat for a change?A to try going B trying to go C to try and go D try going2. Paul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works hard.A learn B to learn C learned D lea

34、rning3. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.  (河南省) A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered4. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. 

35、 (吉林省) A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel5. Your father is sleeping. You'd better _. (陜西省)A. not wake up him B. not to wake up him  C. not

36、0;wake him up D. not to wake him up  6. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon. (貴州省) A. do B. doing C. to do D. did 三、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式 Tell him not

37、 to shut the window. She pretended not to see me when I passed by.習(xí)題七1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue. A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didn't jump D. not jump  2. Th

38、e old man told the child _ noisy. (湖北省) A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not 3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late. (內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū))A. have， not to be B. have, not be C. be， not to be D. be， not be  4. Mrs.