初中英語(yǔ)詞和詞組辨析(形異義近)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上詞和詞組辨析（形異義近）讓語(yǔ)言多樣化，主要應(yīng)用于單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、寫(xiě)作中（1）借borrow 借入，常用短語(yǔ)：borrow sth from sb 從某人那里借來(lái)某物lend 借出，常用短語(yǔ)：lend sth to sb 把某物借給某人keep 借，表示長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的保存I have kept the book for two weeks.（2）穿Dress 可表示“穿著某種顏色或風(fēng)格的衣服”，其后加介詞in，不可加具體的服飾（例如：She likes to dress in black and red.）。第二種用法可表示“為某人穿衣”，其賓語(yǔ)為人。dress ones

2、elf自己穿衣服；dress sb up 打扮某人put on 穿上，戴上，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作wear 穿著，戴著，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)=be in wear a coat/ jewelry （3）看see 看見(jiàn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果 Seeing is believing. look 看，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作， look at watch看（電視，比賽，電影） watch TV/ a game/ a movieread 看書(shū)，報(bào)紙，雜志等， read a book/ newspaper/magazine（4）拿bring 帶來(lái)，拿來(lái)，指從別的地方把東西帶到說(shuō)話(huà)人處take 帶走，拿走，表示把東西從說(shuō)話(huà)人處帶到遠(yuǎn)處carry扛，搬，承載，

3、沒(méi)有方向性，fetch 去取，去拿，表示往返拿東西（5）死die 死，是不及物動(dòng)詞  Her grandfather died last year. dead 死的，形容詞 Her grandfather had been dead for 2 years. Dead air 死氣沉沉death 死亡，名詞 His death was a great loss to China. dying垂死的，渴望的，形容詞 The poor old man was dying. Im dying for a drink.（6）說(shuō)話(huà)speak 說(shuō)，后常接某種語(yǔ)言 I can speak

4、 Chinese.Say 強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話(huà)的內(nèi)容 He said he was angry.talk 交談，不及物動(dòng)詞 talk to/with sb tell 告訴，講述 tell sb sth tell a storychat 閑聊 wechat （7）花費(fèi)spend 指花費(fèi)金錢(qián)或者時(shí)間，主語(yǔ)是人sb spend time/ money on sth sb spend time/money (in) doing sthcost 物作主語(yǔ)， 意為“值多少錢(qián)” sth cost money take it takes sb time/ money to do sthpay 支付 sb pay mone

5、y for sth Alipay（8）找look for 尋找，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的過(guò)程find 找到，強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果 （9）聽(tīng)listen to 聽(tīng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作 listen to the teacherhear 聽(tīng)到，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果 Im sorry to hear that.（10）輸贏(yíng)lose 輸?shù)?，失?lose the game fail “失敗” 指未能做成某事 Did you pass the exam?No, I failed.beat 意為“打敗”  打敗某人或者某隊(duì)win 意為“贏(yíng)得”， 如贏(yíng)得地位、比賽、榮譽(yù)等 win the Nobel prize（11）忘fo

6、rget 忘記 forget to do sth  忘記做某事forget doing sth本來(lái)做過(guò)某事，但是自己卻忘了leave 把某物落在某地 leave sth +某地點(diǎn)（12）到達(dá)arrive in +大地點(diǎn)(village) ; arrive at +小地點(diǎn)(Beijing)get to +地點(diǎn)名詞    How do you usually get to school?reach  +地點(diǎn)名詞  She reached the office at 7 oclock.（13）參加join 加入黨派、組織，如參軍，

7、入黨，入團(tuán)等 would you like to join us?take part in 指參加聚會(huì)或活動(dòng)attend 出席（會(huì)議等）（14）變得turn 強(qiáng)調(diào)變化結(jié)果，一般用于顏色的變化，turn red/yellowget 強(qiáng)調(diào)變化過(guò)程，“漸漸變得” 如天變黑，變冷變暖，天變長(zhǎng)變短 go向壞的變化 horses go lame馬腿瘸了 machines go wrong機(jī)器出毛病 meat，fish or vegetables go bad肉、魚(yú)或蔬菜變質(zhì) milk goes sour牛奶變味或變酸 bread goes stale面包不新鮮了become 中性詞，好、壞兩方面的變化 H

8、er mother became angry when she heard the news.（15）如此以致so that so 是副詞，接形容詞或副詞He spoke so fast that no one could understand him.such that such 接名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her.（16）兩個(gè)都（都不）Both 指“兩者都”, 是對(duì)兩者的肯定,修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞 Both of them are good teachers.Either表示“兩者中任何一個(gè)”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形

9、式Either book is OK.Neither表示“兩者都不” 是對(duì)兩者的否定Neither answer is right.P.S. eitheror(要么要么),neithernor(既不也不)結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與or或nor后面的成分在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致,也就是我們常說(shuō)的主謂一致就近原則.如:Either you or I am right. = Either I or you are right. Neither he nor we are right. = Neither we nor he is right. （17）由做成Be made of 原材料可見(jiàn)(物理變化)

10、The desk is made of wood.Be made from 原材料不可見(jiàn)(化學(xué)) The wine is made from grapes.（18）活的alive 活的（表語(yǔ)），修飾人To live is not just to be alive, but to be alive is to live.一個(gè)人不是為了活才生，而是為了生才活。live 活的，有生命的（作定語(yǔ)）；直播的（節(jié)目），修飾動(dòng)物和無(wú)生命Mother bought some live fish yesterday.Live programliving 活著的，在世的，修飾人與物He is one of the

11、 greatest living composers in the world.lively 生動(dòng)的、活潑的 He is always a bright and lively child.（19）收到receive 通常指被動(dòng)地“收到”或“接到” We havent received his letter for a long time.accept 則指主動(dòng)地“接受” She received his present, but she didnt accept it. （20）因?yàn)樵诜萘可?，because 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，其次是 since ，再次是as，至于for，則并不成其為原因，至多只是一種

12、理由而已。Because最適合回答why，引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，放在句末時(shí)，可不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。because of 也表示原因，但只能接名詞, 代詞或動(dòng)名詞。注意：because 和so 不可同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)句子里。I do it because I like it.As引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，位置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)，附帶說(shuō)明的“雙方已知的原因”As it is raining, I will not go out. since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。表示“既然”，通常放在句首，表示已知的、 顯然的理由Since you are going, I will accompany you. for引導(dǎo)并列句，

13、表示“由于”，只是對(duì)某一問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象作一附加的說(shuō)明或解釋。For引導(dǎo)的句子置于主句之后，且用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 He seldom goes out now, for he is very old. （21）除.外Besides表示“除了以外，還有”，具有附加性質(zhì)。Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了）except表示“除外”，具有排它性質(zhì)，除去的部分與主語(yǔ)同類(lèi)。 We all went to see the film except Mr. Wang.（王先生沒(méi)去）except for表示“除了”，除去的部分與主語(yǔ)不同類(lèi)，從整體中除

14、去一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。The article is good except for a few spelling mistakes.（22）路road具體的公路，馬路  take this road the Silk Roadstreet街道 in the streetpath小路，小徑way道路，途徑（抽象） the way to success 成功之路the Milky Way 銀河（23）工作  work不可數(shù) I have too much work to do. job可數(shù)  find a good job  （26）旅行

15、travel是最常用的，動(dòng)詞 travel around the countrytrip指短期的旅途，名詞 take a three-day tripjourney指稍長(zhǎng)的旅途，名詞 life is a long journey. voyage指海上航行，名詞tour 旅行，周游，觀(guān)光，一般團(tuán)隊(duì)游, 距離可長(zhǎng)可短，常帶有“最后回到出發(fā)地”的含義。He is making a tour of the world.（27）在之前in front of范圍外的前面 The hospital is in front of the park.in the front of范圍內(nèi)的前面 In the fro