非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤例析(二)

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤例析（二） 【例11】W Being seriously ill, he sent his mother to hospital. R being seriously ill, his mother was sent to hospital. 【例12】W Not knowing to the people here, he introduced himself first. R Not known to the people here, he introduced himself first. 【分析】分詞作狀語(yǔ)，必須與句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)生邏輯上的關(guān)系，一般情況下，現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，句

2、子主語(yǔ)必須是現(xiàn)在分詞的發(fā)出者。如例11。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，句子主語(yǔ)必須是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，如例12。 _ more attention the trees could have grown better.(MET90.33 A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD.Having given(A The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.(MET91.33 A.to prepareB.preparing C.preparedD.was preparing(B 【例13】W Do

3、ing his homework, he began to watch TV. R Having done his homework, he began to watch TV. 【分析】當(dāng)分詞動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí)，分詞應(yīng)用完成式。 _ a reply,he decided to write again.(MET92.39 A.Not receivingB.Receiving notC.Not having receivedD.Having not received(C 【例14】W The train started off Tianjin at 8 o'clock,reachin

4、g Beijing station 4 hours later. R The train started off Tianjin at 8 o'clock and reached Beijing station 4 hours latter. 【分析】現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行或常存狀態(tài)，瞬間動(dòng)詞不宜用于現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作狀語(yǔ)。 She set out soon after dark_ home an hour later.(NMET94.18 A.arrivingB.to arriveC.having arrivedD.and arrived(D 【例15】W Not to know what

5、to do, he came up to ask for help. R Not knowing what to do, he came up to ask for help. 【分析】不定式、分詞均可作狀語(yǔ)，但功用不同。不定式表目的，結(jié)果；分詞表原因、方式、伴隨情況等。 The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.(NMET94.32 A.having addedB.to addC.addingD.added(C 【例16】W This

6、problem is very difficult to deal. R This problem is very difficult to deal with. 【分析】在“主語(yǔ)beadj.不定式”的句型中，主語(yǔ)在邏輯上往往為不定式的賓語(yǔ)，因此當(dāng)不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.(MET88.29 A.sitB.sit onC.be satD.be sat on(B 這種情況同樣適用 于作定語(yǔ)的不定式。 We had little to

7、eat,onlu a cold room to live in. Children in new China have nothing to worry about. 【例17】W The boy was noticed take away your book. R The boy was noticed to take away your book. 【分析】在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，要省去不定式符號(hào)to，但在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中一定要添上to。 John was made_ the track for a week as a punishment.(MET91.39 A.t

8、o washB.washingC.washD.to be washing(A Paul doesn't have to be made_.He always works hard.(NMET95.11 A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning (B 【例18】W The thief was caught to steal a lady's wallet. R The thief was caught stealing a lady's wallet. 【分析】不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞可以作賓補(bǔ)。現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行，不定式則表示動(dòng)作的完結(jié)。 The

9、missing boys were seen_ near the river.(NMET94.25 A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play(A 【例19】W The girl was so lazy that she always had her clothes to be washed. R The girl was so lazy that she always had her clothes washed. 【分析】“have+名詞+過(guò)去分詞”表示分詞的動(dòng)作不由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出來(lái)。有教他人做謀事之意。 Good morning.Can I help you

10、? I'd like to have this package_, madam.(MET89.30 A.be weighedB.to be weighedC.to weighD.weghed(D 此外，還應(yīng)注意“have+n.+現(xiàn)在分詞”，“have+n.+不定式”在意義上的區(qū)別。 They had their lights burning all night long. The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father. 【例20】W In order to not be late, he got up very early. R In order not to be late, he got up very early. 【分析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式一律在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加not。 Tom kept quiet about the accident_ lose his job.(MET90.27 A.so not as toB.so as not to