句子成分的名稱劃分口訣及劃分符號知識點及練習(xí)（含答案）

1、.句子成分的名稱及劃分符號 名稱：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語。 符號：主語 = 謂語 賓語 定語 狀語 補語 < > 句子的根本成分是： 主語、謂語、賓語。補充成分是： 定語、狀語、補語。 主語部分和謂語部分之間可用 劃開。 劃分句子成分口訣：主謂賓 定狀補，一般成分弄清楚。根本成分主謂賓，附加成分定狀補。主語講誰或什么，陳述主語是謂語。動詞涉及人或物，涉及成分叫賓語。修飾限制算定狀，補充說明就是補。定語用在主賓前，謂前為狀謂后補。還有標(biāo)志的地得，幫助分清定狀補。注意位置和關(guān)系，認(rèn)真分析莫忽略。單句的劃分1、劃分符號用“劃分主語和謂語。用“標(biāo)出賓語。用“ 標(biāo)出定語。用“ 標(biāo)

2、出狀語。用“< >標(biāo)出補語。假如要求進一步分析用作一個句子成分的主謂短語時，可以在主語下面劃“=，謂語下面劃“?！皠澰诰淝?，表示非主謂句，其構(gòu)造關(guān)系的名稱，可以在上注明。2、劃分方法 一次劃分：先用“界分出主語和謂語，假如有賓語，也要劃出。然后，再找出主、謂、賓的中心語，用“標(biāo)示出來。例如：偉大的人民一定創(chuàng)造出偉大的時代。 二次劃分：到主語和賓語的中心語前劃定語，到謂語的中心語前或句首劃狀語，再到謂語中心語后劃補語。例如：偉大的人民一定創(chuàng)造<出>偉大的時代。3、復(fù)雜單句要進展分析時，需先找出主干。單句的主干是指把句中所有的定語、狀語、補語都壓縮掉以后剩下的部分，也就是主

3、語或主語的的中心語動詞或動詞的中心語賓語或賓語的中心語。找出句子主干常常是檢查病句的好方法。 摘取句子的主干，是為了掌握原句的構(gòu)造，對理解原句的意思有幫助。但是，必須注意，句子的主干不等于原來的句子，意思沒有原句那樣明確，有的甚至跟原句相去很遠。還要注意，在摘取否認(rèn)句主干時，一般要把否認(rèn)詞一起摘出來。 單句假設(shè)是由復(fù)雜的短語構(gòu)成時，單句也就成了復(fù)雜的單句。 位置和關(guān)系，認(rèn)真分析莫忽略。劃分句子成分，找出主干。句子成分Members of a Sentence什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由

4、詞或詞組充當(dāng)?，F(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語。英語的根本成分有七種：主語subject、謂語predicate、表語predicative、賓語object、定語attribute、狀語adverbial 和補語complement。英語句子的根本構(gòu)造可以歸納成五種根本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種根本句型，是掌握各種英語句子構(gòu)造的根底。英語五種根本句型列式如下：一： 主謂二： 主系表三： 主謂賓四： 主謂間賓直賓五： 主謂賓賓補根本句型 一： 主謂主語：可以作主語的成分有名詞如boy，主格代詞如you，動詞不定式，動名詞等。主語一般在句首。注

5、意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！ 謂語：謂語由動詞構(gòu)成，是英語時態(tài)、語態(tài)變化的主角，一般在主語之后。不及物動詞vi.沒有賓語，形成主謂構(gòu)造，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完好的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。 不及物動詞 1. The sun was shining. 太陽在照耀著。2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。3. The universe remains. 宇宙長存。4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5. Who cares? 管它呢？

6、 6. What he said does not matter. 他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。 7. They talked for half an hour. 他們談了半個小時。 8. The pen writes smoothly 這支筆書寫流利。根本句型 二： 主系表此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完好的意思，必須加上一個說明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達完好的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：be, look, keep, seem等屬一類，表示情況；get, grow, become, turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be 本身沒有什么意義,只起

7、連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動詞多可用作聯(lián)絡(luò)動詞：look well/面色好,sound nice/聽起來不錯,feel good/感覺好，smell bad/難聞 是系動詞 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。3. He fell in love. 他墮入了情網(wǎng)。 4. Everything looks different. 一切看來都不同了。5. He is growing tall and strong. 他長得又高又壯6. Th

8、e troubleis that they are short of money. 費事的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。7. Our well has gone dry. 我們井枯槁了。 8. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。There be 構(gòu)造： There be 表示存在有。這里的there沒有實際意義，不可與副詞there那里混淆。 此構(gòu)造后跟名詞，表示存在有某事物 試比較：There is a boy there.那兒有一個男孩。/前一個there無實意，后一個there為副詞那里。 根本句型 三： 主謂賓此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表

9、達完好的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完好。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。賓語位于及物動詞之后，一般同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是代詞賓格，如：me，him，them等 及物動詞 1. Who knows the answer? 誰知道答案？ 2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。3. He has refused to help them. 他回絕幫他們。4. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書。5. They ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。6. He said "Good mor

10、ning." 他說："早上好！"7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 8. He admits that he was mistaken. 他成認(rèn)犯了錯誤。根本句型 四： 主謂間賓直賓有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個賓語通常一個指人，為間接賓語；一個指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。 一般的順序為：動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.強調(diào)間接賓語順序為：動詞 + 直接賓語 +介詞+ 間接賓語。如：

11、Show this house to Mr.Smith.假設(shè)直接賓語為人稱代詞：動詞+ 代詞直接賓語 +介詞+ 間接賓語。如：Bring it to me,please. 及物 多指人 多指物 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來了一本字典。4. He denies her nothing. 他對她什么都不回絕。5. I showed him my pi

12、ctures. 我給他看我的照片6. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽車。7. I told him that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車晚點了。8. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我開機器。根本句型 五： 主謂賓賓補此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完好的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完好。賓語補足語：位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞The war made hi

13、m a soldier./戰(zhàn)爭使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞New methods make the job easy./新方法使這項工作變得輕松. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語I often find him at work./我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 動詞不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞I saw a cat running across the road./我看見一只貓跑過了馬路. 及物 賓語 賓補 1. They appointed

14、him manager. 他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)經(jīng)理。2. They painted the door green. 他們把門漆成綠色3. This set them thinking. 這使得他們要細想一想。4. They found the house deserted. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住。5. What makes him think so? 他怎么會這樣想？6. We saw him out. 我們送他出去7. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早點回來。8. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。但常用

15、的英語句子并不都象根本句型這樣簡短，這些句子除了根本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語modifier而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞，也可以是各種類型的短語主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語。我們稱之為：定語、狀語一、 定語：定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用的表示。定語通常位于被修飾的成分前。假設(shè)修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時，如：something、nothing；或不定式、分詞短語作定語、從句作定語時，那么定語通常置后。副詞用作定語時須放在名詞之后。 形容詞作定語：The lit

16、tle boy needs a blue pen.little修飾名詞boy；blue修飾名詞pen./小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是個英俊的男孩。There is a good boy./有個乖男孩。數(shù)詞作定語相當(dāng)于形容詞：Two boys need two pens./兩個男孩需要兩支鋼筆。The two boys are students./這兩個男孩是學(xué)生。There are two boys in the room./房間里有兩個男孩。 代詞或名詞所有格作定語：His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要To

17、m的鋼筆。His name is Tom./他的名字是湯姆。There are two boys of Toms there./那兒有Tom家的兩個男孩。 介詞短語作定語：The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆。The boy in blue is Tom./穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有兩個9歲的，三個10歲的男孩。 名詞作定語：The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圓珠筆。It is a ball pen

18、./這是一支圓珠筆。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./這鉛筆盒里只有一支圓珠筆。 副詞作定語：The boy there needs a pen./那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。The best boy here is Tom./這里最棒的男孩是Tom。 不定式作定語：The boy to write this letter needs a pen./寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆。The boy to write this letter is Tom./將要寫這封信的男孩是湯姆。There is nothing to do today./今天無

19、事要做。 分詞短語作定語：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那個微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。The pen bought by her is made in China./她買的筆是中國產(chǎn)的。There are five boys left./有五個留下的男孩。 定語從句：The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那個在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。The boy you will know is Tom./你將認(rèn)識的男孩叫湯姆。The

20、re are five boys who will play the game./參加游戲的男孩有五個。 二、狀語：狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。狀語在句子中的位置很靈敏，常見情況為：通常在句子根本構(gòu)造之后，強調(diào)時放在句首；修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；表示時間、地點、目的的狀語一般位于句子兩頭，強調(diào)時放在句首，地點狀語一般須在時間狀語之前；一些表示不確定時間如：often或程度如：almost的副詞狀語通常位于be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，動詞之前。 有時狀語在句中的某個位置會引起歧義，應(yīng)注意，如：The boy

21、 calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩此時in the classroom為girl的定語，也可以理解為男孩在教室里喊女孩此時in the classroom為地點狀語，最好寫作In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.' 副詞短語作狀語：The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支鋼筆。程度狀語The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母親買的那支鋼筆。賓語較長那么狀語前置Th

22、e boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支鋼筆。程度狀語The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩如今需要一支鋼筆。時間狀語 介詞短語作狀語：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支鋼筆。地點狀語Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個男孩子.條件狀語On Sundays,there is no student in the classro

23、om./星期天,教室里沒有學(xué)生.時間狀語 分詞短語作狀語：He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。表示伴隨狀態(tài)Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因為不得不完成作業(yè)，男孩需要一支筆。原因狀語Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./因為受了驚嚇，他無聲地坐在那兒。原因狀語 不定式作狀語：The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業(yè)。目的狀語To make his dream come true

24、, Tom becomes very interested in business./為實現(xiàn)夢想,湯姆變得對商業(yè)很有興趣. 名詞作狀語：Come this way!/走這條路！方向狀語 狀語從句：時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、比較狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句 三、同位語：同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：We students should study hard. / students是we的同位語，都是指同一批學(xué)生We all are students. / all是we的同位語，都指同樣的我們 四

25、、獨立成分：有時句子中會有一些與句子沒有語法聯(lián)絡(luò)的成分，稱為句子獨立成分注意：區(qū)別于分詞獨立構(gòu)造。感慨詞：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定詞yes否認(rèn)詞no稱呼語：稱呼人的用語。插入語：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,這個故事還遠沒完畢.情態(tài)詞,表示說話人的語氣多作為修飾全句的狀語:perhaps也許,maybe大概,acturely實際上,certainly當(dāng)然，等。五、分詞獨立構(gòu)造：分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與句子的主語一致! 否那么應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)

26、成分詞獨立構(gòu)造。例：錯句：Studying hard,your score will go up.正確：1 Studying hard,you can make your score go up.或 2If you study hard,your score will go up.解析：錯句中分詞studying沒有自帶邏輯主語，那么其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，既your score . 顯然做study的應(yīng)是人，不應(yīng)是your score分?jǐn)?shù). 正確句1更正了句子的主語,使其與分詞邏輯主語一致 同為you ;正確句2那么使用條件分句帶出study的主語,不過已經(jīng)不是分詞構(gòu)造了. 分詞獨立構(gòu)造常

27、省略being,having been.不過There being.的場合不能省略.如：Game being over,he went home.He stands there,book being in hand. 獨立構(gòu)造還可用with、without引導(dǎo)，作狀語或定語。這種構(gòu)造不但可以用分詞，還可以用不定式、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞或名詞等。如：With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./無事可做，他很快就睡著了。The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老師進來了，戴著一付眼鏡。注意，此句on his

28、nose不可省略！ 句子成分練習(xí)題 一 一. 指出以下句中主語的中心詞4分， 4分鐘 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.二 選出句中謂語的中心詞10分， 10分鐘 I

29、don't like the picture on the wall.A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meet

30、ing C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this.A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor.A. W

31、e B. had C. send D. doctor He is interested in music.A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. give B.did C. whom D. book三 挑出以下句中的賓語10分，10分鐘 My brother hasn't done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. H

32、ow many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you lea

33、ve school. They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. 四 挑出以下句中的表語5分， 5分鐘 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it. 五 挑出以下句中的定語6分，6分鐘 They u

34、se Mr, Mrs with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe! 六 挑出以下句中的賓語補足語6分， 6分鐘 She likes the children to read newspapers

35、 and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? 七 挑出以下句中的狀語8分， 8分鐘 There was a big smile on her face. Every n

36、ight he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. The

37、students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. 八 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語5分， 5分鐘 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?答案 一 teacher man dictionary To do二 B A C

38、A C C D C A A 三homework. English. attention words to go swimming he was ill. him monitor bridge museum it school. who"Father Christmas"really is.四tired. worried yellow. interested the first五 family giventhird some downstairs of the other shoe!六to read newspapers and books to take the boy d

39、ifficult Lily get on the bus playing football 七 on her face. Every night when he was eleven. too fast. With the medicine box under her arm because she loves books. if youve lost it to see the other machine.八 us, 間接賓語 a story, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語 a new bike, 直接賓語 us, 間接賓語 history, 直接賓語 Tom, 間接賓語 it, 直接賓語 m

40、e, 間接賓語 message, 直接賓語 句子成分練習(xí)題 二 指出以下句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed

41、 .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many film that Id like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?10.I have a lot of work to do .11. Anyway I wont stop you from doing it .12. I said it in fun .13. We can send a car over to fetch you .14. She had to w

42、ork standing up .15. Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16. Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .17. The bus arrived ten minutes late .18. We should serve the people heart and soul.19. Spring coming on , the tree turned green .20. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .

43、21. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22. Its strange that she doesnt come today .23. It was in the library that I come today .24. He likes drawing at times when he isnt working .25. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 句子成分練習(xí)題 三 A1、 _ six years since

44、 I began to study English.A. It is B. I have been C. There are D. It was 2 、_ in the room at that time.A. Nobody was B. Someone were C. Who is D. He are 3 、IT'S very noisy outside. _ is going on? A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where 4、 _ in English in class every day is important.A. Speak B. Talking

45、 C. Saying D. To tell5 、There must be_ near the factory.A. a book store B. book store C. books store D. books stores6 、Although it's raining hard, _ are still working in the fields.A. but they B. and they C. they D. since theyB1、 The doctor as well as the nurses _ great concern for the patients.

46、A. show B. shows C. have shown D. are showing 2、 Your son must be a clever boy, _ he?A. is B. isn't C. must D. mustn't 3、 The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among students in this school.A. open B. opening C. opened D. being opened 4 、I _ go to the shop today, for there is a l

47、ot of food at home.A. mustn't B. had to C. can't D. needn't 5 、Don't _ excited.A. get B. is C. seem D. look 6 This room _ every morning.A. is cleaning B. is cleaned C. cleans D. cleaningC1、 Glad to meet you! _ is your full name?A. What B. Where C. How D. Who 2、 He is _ to lift the he

48、avy box.A. too weak B. weak tooC. enough weak D. weak enough3、 The days are _ warmer and warmer in spring.A. getting B. looking C. seeming D. going 4 、His job is_English.A. teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaches 5 、Two balls are_.A. under the desk B. in the wall C. to here D. at desksD1 、We should g

49、et ready_ others.A. helping B. to help C. help D. help with 2、 _interesting work we are doing?A. What a B. How C. What D. What an 3、 I want_ a teacher when I grow up -fx;fc.A. to be B. to C. be D. being 4、 -Would you like to go on a picnic with me today?-I don't think so. To be honest, I really

50、don't feel like_on apicnic.A. going B. to go C. go D. went 5 Do you know_?A. where does he live B. where he livesC. where he live D. if where he lives 6 Let _ do it again.A. I B. me C. he D. she 7 I don't know_.A. how to do B. what to do C. where to do D. when to doE 1、 I saw him _ basketbal

51、l with Jack an hour ago.A. plays B. to play C. played D. play o 2、 Sorry, we've kept you_ for a long time.A. waited B. sing C. stand D. waiting 3 、The teacher told us _ late again.A. aren't be B. don't be C. not to be D. not be 4 、We find the room very_.A. warm B. warmly C. terribly D. hardlyF1 、I found _ d