初中英語(yǔ)從句的分類

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語(yǔ)從句的分類從句是相對(duì)于主句而言的，即它是從屬于某一個(gè)主句，而不能單獨(dú)作一個(gè)句子。在英語(yǔ)中主要有三大從句，即：1. 名詞性從句(包括主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句)2. 定語(yǔ)從句3. 狀語(yǔ)從句(包括時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等)。1)主語(yǔ)從句用作主語(yǔ)，如：That the earth is round is true. 地球是圓的是真實(shí)的。2)賓語(yǔ)從句用作賓語(yǔ)。如：Do you know where he lives?3)表語(yǔ)從句用作表語(yǔ)，如：My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我

2、的意見(jiàn)是你不應(yīng)單獨(dú)前往。4)同位語(yǔ)從句用于解釋說(shuō)明前面的名詞。如：The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圓的的事實(shí)是真實(shí)的。(that從句用于解釋說(shuō)明the fact)5)定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。如：The student who answered the question was John. 回答問(wèn)題的學(xué)生是John.6)狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞，如：When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨時(shí)，我通常坐公共汽車上學(xué)。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))If he comes tomorr

3、ow, you will see him. 如果他明天來(lái)，你就可以看見(jiàn)他。(if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：if +狀語(yǔ)從句，+主句)。要注意在狀語(yǔ)從句中有一個(gè)規(guī)則是“主將從現(xiàn)”，即主句是將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.他回家后得知女兒剛剛訂婚了。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)只是僅限于learn(得知)，find(發(fā)現(xiàn))，see，hear，to be told(被告知)，make(使得)等具有界限含義的動(dòng)詞。)You must speak louder so that /

4、in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大聲說(shuō)話，才能讓所有人聽到你說(shuō)話。(目的狀語(yǔ)，可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)。)Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那么糟，旅行推遲了。 (原因狀語(yǔ)從句，常用 because, since, as, for fear (恐怕), seeing that (既然) ，now that (=since), consideri

5、ng that (考慮到) 等引導(dǎo)。)Though/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了，但仍然繼續(xù)工作。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)的連詞主要有以下這些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑問(wèn)詞，疑問(wèn)詞-ever.)Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。)As water is to fish,

6、so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。(方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。)主句和從句的劃分方法是相同的。句子的成分從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞處來(lái)劃分比較容易。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的部分是主語(yǔ)，后面常接賓語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的是狀語(yǔ)，修飾主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的是定語(yǔ)，若謂語(yǔ)是系動(dòng)詞，則系動(dòng)詞后的部分是表語(yǔ)。如：I am a teacher. 其中，I 是主語(yǔ)，am是謂語(yǔ)，a teacher 是表語(yǔ)。He likes playing football very much. 其中，he是主語(yǔ)，likes是謂語(yǔ)，playing football是賓語(yǔ)

7、，very much是狀語(yǔ)。初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。如：The story which he told was very popularYou cant wake a person who is pretending to be asleep.一：定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that， which， who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關(guān)系副詞包括where， when， why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用，同時(shí)又

8、作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。 二：關(guān)系代詞的用法(在從句中作主語(yǔ)或是賓語(yǔ))1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that作主語(yǔ)）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.（that作賓語(yǔ)）2.which用于指物，在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)不可省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.（作主語(yǔ)）

9、The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看（作賓語(yǔ)）3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。在口語(yǔ)中，who也可以作賓語(yǔ)。如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主語(yǔ)）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？（作賓語(yǔ)）4.whose用來(lái)指人或物, 只用作定語(yǔ)，如：They rushed over to help the man whose ca

10、r had broken down. （做定語(yǔ)） 注意：（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞，且介詞放在句末時(shí)，who， that， which作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí)，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：This is the house in which we lived last year.Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.（2）含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中，有些介詞不可前置，只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。如：This is the person whom you are looking for.（3）that

11、 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。（4）關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況：a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只能用that。如：He was the first person that passed the exam.b.被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that。如：Is there anyth

12、ing that you want to buy in the shop？在復(fù)合句中用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。1語(yǔ)序無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序，即“主句連詞賓語(yǔ)從句（主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)）”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1）連接詞謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告訴我誰(shuí)知道答案嗎？The small children don't know what is in their stockings這些小孩

13、子不知道襪子里有什么東西？2）連接詞名詞謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他問(wèn)我們班上誰(shuí)的書法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老師問(wèn)我們房間里有多少人。3）連接詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why

14、，how，where，if whether（在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分）等。如：He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi他還沒(méi)決定是否去無(wú)錫旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？4）連接詞名詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連接詞有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎？She asked me

15、 if I knew whose pen it was她問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。2連接詞1）當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)詞義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他說(shuō)他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。2）當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：I don't know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用whether：在

16、具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）讓我知道他是否能來(lái)。I don't know whether if he does any washing or not（I don't know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay

17、or whether wego我不知道我們是去還是留。在介詞之后用whether。如：I'm interested in whether he likes English我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語(yǔ)。We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old m

18、an他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。I don't know whether to go我不知去否。He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say這是否真的我說(shuō)不上來(lái)。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。The question is

19、whether we can catch the bus問(wèn)題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解為：aPlease let me know whether you like the book請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)告訴我。3）如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，只需用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the me

20、eting this morning？你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會(huì)遲到嗎？3時(shí)態(tài)含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：1）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要，選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：I don't know when he will come back我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來(lái)了。2）如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要，選用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如：Th

21、e children didn't know who he was孩子們不知道他是誰(shuí)。He asked his father how it happened他問(wèn)他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。3）如果賓語(yǔ)從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等，不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。4注意：if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)注意它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”，其時(shí)

22、態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如：Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來(lái)嗎？Sorry，I don't knowWhen he comes back，I'll tell you對(duì)不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來(lái)了，我將告訴你。I don't know if he will come我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。He will come if it doesn'

23、;t rain如果不下雨，他會(huì)來(lái)的。簡(jiǎn)化賓語(yǔ)從句常用六法同學(xué)們常會(huì)遇到把含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡(jiǎn)單句，使其與原句意思相同（或相近）的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡(jiǎn)化賓語(yǔ)從句的方法：方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decid

24、ed to help him.方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語(yǔ)，從句主語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Could you tell me how I can ge

25、t to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不一致，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。例如：He insisted that he should

26、 go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)+V-ing形式（作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the gr

27、ound.方法六：動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語(yǔ)從句，也可以用不定式（短語(yǔ)）來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon

28、 we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy初中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)精選試題習(xí)題(一)1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had neve

29、r gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells

30、 D. had travelled答案:1-5 A D C B C習(xí)題(二)1 Can you tell me_ you were born, BettyA. who B. what C. when D. that2 I don't know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didn't know_ back soon.A. whether h

31、e would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I don't know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday eveningA. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose答案:1-7 C B B A A A C

32、習(xí)題(三)1. They don't know their parents are.A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen i

33、t is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know _A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking forC. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing答案:1-6 B D B