醇酚醚英語講義

1、 Alcohol1.Classification and nomenclature: Alcohol monobasic alcohol Alcohol polybasic alcohol: （Naming）Example： 3-pentene-2-glycerol 3-phenyl-2-butanol Unsaturated alcohol aromatic alcohol ( Unsaturated alcohol) 1，2 - propylene glycol 3 3-Methylcyclopentanol (Fatty alcohol) Cyclohexanehexol (inosit

2、ol) enol form keto formHydrogen bonds between molecules : 2. Chemical propertyStructure analysis Hydroxyl Active hydrogen -H -HHydrogen bond breaking(1) Reaction with reactive metalssodium alkoxide* sodium alkoxide is alkali* sodium alkoxide basic order* AIP for drug synthesis (2) Esterification rea

3、ction with inorganic acidCO Bond breaking halogenating reaction Reactive order： Tertiary alcohol reaction mechanism (SN1) Primary alcohol reaction mechanismreact with Lucas(concentrated hydrochloric acid + Anhydrous zinc chloride) The rearrangement of primary alcohols, secondary alcohols and HX reac

4、tionEx: Analysis: Reaction of alcohol with PX3, PX5 and SOCl2Dehydration reactionReactive order2、Secondary alcohol and tertiary alcohol dehydration conform to Zaitsev rulesImportant physical properties of alcohol 1、 Similar relative molecular weight of alcohol and alkanes, the boiling point of alcoh

5、ol is much higher than that of alkanes。2、 Carbon atoms have the same number of alcohol, the more the hydroxyl, the higher the boiling pointSecond Section - Phenolic compound Major compounds Phenol Hydroquinone Naphtol CresolDenfinition of phenolPhenolic compounds are aromatic hydrocarbons on the ben

6、zene ring of the hydrogen atom by hydroxyl substituted compound is generated, the aromatic hydroxyl derivatives, according to whose molecule contains hydroxyl number can be divided into phenols and polyphenols. P-cresol Hydroquinone Pyrogallol（對(duì)苯甲酚） （對(duì)苯二酚） （連苯三酚）Physical properties of phenol Physica

7、l state, colorless, generally because of the oxide ，the color is red to dark brown,and the majority of crystalline solids Boiling point: a small number of alkyl phenol as high boiling point liquid, the boiling point of phenol is much higher than that of the corresponding aromatic hydrocarbons, the r

8、eason is the structure of the phenolic hydroxyl, the molecules can be linked by hydrogen bonds . Solubility: phenol slightly soluble in water, the polyphenol in water is greater than the monophenol, and the number of hydroxyl groups is higher. Chemical properties of phenolic compounds Acid-base reac

9、tion（酸堿反應(yīng)） Color reaction（顯色反應(yīng)） redox reaction（氧化還原反應(yīng)） Substitution reaction（取代反應(yīng)） Condensation reaction （縮合反應(yīng)）Chemical properties of phenolic compounds Acid-base reaction-Faintly acid In the phenol molecule, orbital oxygen atom and benzene hydroxyl to form conjugated P- cover, Because p-, n-conjuga

10、ted combine hydroxyl and phenyl phenol hydroxyl tends to be strong, so the ratio of alcohol hydroxyl to be replaced. Due to the electron cloud density of atomic oxygen is reduced by P = Pi conjugated, O-H bond in the electron cloud density further shift to the oxygen atom, thereby enhancing the powe

11、r of hydrogen from the tendency so phenolic hydroxyl hydrogen than the hydroxyl hydrogen lively, or even part of the ionization of H + and acidic. （三）Dehydrogenation （slough -H）1、Primary alcohol oxidationPrimary alcohol oxidation special reaction of aldehydeSarret Reagent 2、 alcoholssecondary alcoho

12、ls、Primary Tertiary oxidation3. Catalytic dehydrogenation Adjacent diol features ：三、Important alcohol 1、Methanol 2、ethanol 3、Clycerol 4、Sorbitol ：hexahydric alcohol 5、vitamin A ：Unsaturated one element alcoholSection two phenol1、 faintly acid 2. substitution reaction （1）produce Phenol、 esterSalicyli

13、c acid AspirinTabletsFries Rearrangement（2） produce phenol、EtherClaisen Rearrangement（3）The bromination of phenyl ring（4）nitration of phenyl ring（5） Sulfonation of phenyl ring Room temperaturehigh temperature Concentrated sulfuric acidSulfonated reaction is reversible！3、chromogenic reaction enol for

14、mpurple4、oxidation reaction  para-benzoquinone2、 Important phenol1、Phenol 2、cresol3、chrysolepic acid4、Vitamin E5dihydroxyhenzene6、dioxin catecholresorcinSection three ether環(huán)醚 (epoxide)1、produceMolten saltLow temperaturediluteConcentrated1、 chemical property2、 ether bond break3、 alkyl ether (含-H) Oxidation hydroperoxideperoxide4. 1,2- epoxide Reaction(glycol ether) The ring opening reaction of asymmetric epoxides Acidic Open loop: SN12-methoxy- 2-methyl group -1-propyl alcohol2-me