動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)一句話語法: 時態(tài)題關鍵是確定時間點,時間點是通過語境來確定. 一、時態(tài)的呼應：在復合句，從句（主要是賓語從句）中的時態(tài)，常受主句謂語動詞的影響，這就叫做時態(tài)的呼應，時態(tài)的呼應一般有如下的情況。1、如果主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，其從句中的謂語動詞應該用什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài)，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears.2、如果主句中的謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)，從句中的謂語動詞就要用過去時態(tài)，但要注意到下列情況：（1）如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作與主句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生，從句中須用一般過去時或過去進行時，如：Sh

2、e said she was busy then. (2)如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，從句中須用過去完成時，如：I didnt know that she had been to London twice. (3)如果從句中的謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之后，從句須用過去將來時，如：They didnt know when they would have a rest. (4)如果從句中說明的是一種普遍真理現(xiàn)象，雖然主句的謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)從句中仍要用一般現(xiàn)在時，如：When I was a little child, my fat

3、her told me that the earth is round. (5)如果從句中有表示具體過去時間的狀語，雖然其謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，從句仍用一般過去時，但如果該狀語表示的時間不具體，則從句仍要用過去完成時，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.二、被動語態(tài)：英語動詞的語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，在被動語態(tài)的句子中，動作的執(zhí)行者，一般由介詞by引起的短語來表示，如:We often help them. (主動)我們常幫助他們。They are often

4、helped by us.(被動)他們常被我們幫助。1、被動語態(tài)各時態(tài)的形式是由助動詞be的各時態(tài)的形式加及物動詞的過去分詞構成。2、被動語態(tài)八種時態(tài)的用法例句:被動語態(tài)常用的八種時態(tài)的基本用法和主動語態(tài)各時態(tài)的基本用法相同，只是句中的主語不是動作的執(zhí)行者，而是動作的承受者，如:(1)一般現(xiàn)在時：Now English is taught in all middle schools in our country.(2)一般過去時：The Great hall of the People was built in 1959.(3)一般將來時: When will the work be fini

5、shed?(4)過去將來時：He told us that the work would be finished the next day.(5)現(xiàn)在進行時：Your tractor is being repaired now.(6)過去進行時：The child was being examined by the doctor when they came in.(7)現(xiàn)在完成時：The work hasnt been finished yet.(8)過去完成:The new plan had been carried out before the second experiment beg

6、an.3、在下列情況下，一般使用被動語態(tài)：（1）當不知道動作執(zhí)行者是誰或沒有必要提到動作執(zhí)行者時，如：Paper was first made in China. （2）當強調或突出動作承受者的作用時，如：The new machine was invented by a 20-year-old young worker.4、由主動語態(tài)轉換為被動語態(tài)的幾種句型：（1）將一個句子由主動語態(tài)轉換為被動語態(tài)時，可按下列步驟進行：先將主動結構的賓語改為被動結構的主語；再將主動語態(tài)動詞改為被動語態(tài)動詞；最后在被動語態(tài)之后加介詞by，并將主動結構的主語放在by之后（經(jīng)常被省略），構成介詞短語；由主動語態(tài)動

7、詞改為被動語態(tài)動詞時，要注意被動語態(tài)動詞中助動詞be的各種形式變化，因為被動語態(tài)動詞的不同人稱和數(shù)是由助動詞be不同的形式來表示的，如：Trees are planted every spring.（）如果主動語態(tài)動詞后又有直接賓語，又有間接賓語，一般是將間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)句中的主語，將直接賓語保留在原處。如將直接賓語改為被動語態(tài)句中的主語，將間接賓語保留在原處時，一般要在間接賓語前加介詞to或 for，如：Grandma told me an interesting story last night.was told an interesting story last night./ An

8、 interesting story was told to me last night. （）主動語態(tài)中的賓語加帶有賓語補足語時，改為被動語態(tài)時，就將賓語改為主語，將賓補保留在原處，而成為被動語態(tài)句中主語的補足語了。賓補可以有下列幾種情況：賓補為動詞不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. She was asked to sing a song. 在動詞make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主動語態(tài)里可要省略，而被動語態(tài)里不能省，如：Tom was seen to come out of the lab.賓補為分詞

9、，如：They heard them singing at the time.They were heard singing at that time.賓補為形容詞、副詞、名詞或介詞短語，如：She kept me busy all the morning. I was kept busy all the morning.（）如果主動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞為短語動詞，改為被動語態(tài)時，要注意不要遺漏短語中的介詞或副詞，以保持短語動詞的完整性，如：She always takes good care of the children. The children are always taken good

10、care of. （）含有情態(tài)動詞的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時是將情態(tài)動詞后面的動詞原形改為被動語態(tài)，因其前有情態(tài)動詞，所以構成被動語態(tài)的助動詞be就要使用原形，如：They must finish the work before Friday. The work must be finished before Friday.（）be going to, be to, used to, have to和had better等結構，其作用相當于情態(tài)動詞或助動詞，在改為被動語態(tài)時，只需將后面的動詞原形改為被動語態(tài)即可，如：The are not going to put off the football

11、match. The football match is not going to be put off.一句話語法: 時態(tài)題關鍵是確定時間點,時間點是通過語境來確定.被動語態(tài)的結構是: be+v-ed;完成被動形式是什么呢,對, 就是完成+被動have/has/had +v-ed 是完成; 被動是: be+v-ed; 兩者組合在一起:have/has/had been +v-ed;其它時態(tài)的被動形式,以此類推.動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)檢測練習（1）1. When I saw Mary, she _ on the piano.A. is playing    B. play

12、s    C. was playing    D. played2. She _ the door before she goes away.A. had locked    B. is locking    C. has locked.    D. was locking.3. A hunter is a man who _ animals.A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching4.

13、What _ if I drink this?A. happens   B. is happening   C. will happen   D. is happened5. I will visit you if Father _ me.A. let      B. lets      C. is letting     D. will let6. Look out! That tree _ f

14、all down.A. is going to      B. will be       C. shall         D. would7. My uncle _ to see me. He'll be here soon.A. comes          B. is coming  

15、;   C. had come      D. came8. They can't leave until they _ their work.A. did          B. are doing         C. have done     D. has done9. "Has he see

16、n this film?" " Yes. He _ it several days ago. "A. saw         B. has seen     C. had seen           D. was seeing10. Now Mike isn't here. He _ Mr Green's.  Perha

17、ps he _ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is coming       B. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will be       D. is going to; has come11. That day he ._ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washed   B. washed  

18、 C. had been washing   D. was washed12. I haven't finished my composition. I _ for two hours and a half.A. have written it       B. have been writing itC. wrote it             D. am writting it13.

19、 I will take my daughter with me when I _ ShangHai,A. go to B. will go to C. have been to D. have gone to14. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didn't say    B. couldn't speak to    C. said D. didn't tell15. The bridge which _ last year lo

20、oks really beautiful.A. was built   B. built   C. was set up     D. had been built16. " When _ school begin?" " Next Monday. "A. has B. does C. did D. is going to17. I will _ here till you give me some money.A. leave    B. no

21、t leave    C. come    D. return18. I _ here since I moved here.A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working19. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice.A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone20. It was said that his father _.A. has died   

22、 B. died.    C. has been dead    D. had died21. We won't go unless you _ soon.A. had come   B. came    C. will come    D. come22._six years since I began studying English.A. They have been    B. it is  

23、; C. It was    D. There are23. They _ the Summer Palace three times.A. have gone to  B. have been to   C. have been in   D. have gone into24. "How long haven't we seen each other? " "Well, it _ nearly two years since we _ last. "A.

24、 is/have met   B. was/had met    C. is/met   D. has been/had met25. "Have you seen the art exhibition?" "No, _ there. "A. it was not being held       B. they didn't holdC. it had not held    

25、        D. they were holding it26. Don't get off the bus until it _.A. stop      B. will stop     C. stopped    D. has stopped27. "Where _ the recorder? I can't see it anywhere."  &q

26、uot;I _ it right here. But now it's gone. "A. did you put/have put               B. have you put/putC. had you put/was putting            D. were you putting/have put

27、28. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years  since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyed    B. was enjoying   C. enjoyed   D. had been enjoying29. Don't come tonight. I would rather you _ tomorrow.A. come     B. c

28、ame     C. will come    D. coming30. _ you _?A. Do/marry   B. Have/married   C. Have/been married   D. Are/married31. When he _ all the newspapers, he'll go home.A. sells   B. has sold   C. will have sold &

29、#160;  D. will be sold32. "This cloth _well and _ long. ""Ok. I'll take it. "A. washes/lasts                 B. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lasted       &#

30、160;     D. is washing/lasting33. "Hurry up, you _ on the phone. " "Oh, I'm coming. Thank you. "A. are wanted   B. are being wanted   C. want    D. are wanting34. I _ see you, but I didn't, for I had no time.A. had wa

31、nted to   B. has wanted to   C. wanted   D. was wanted35. I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have lived   B. was living   C. will be living   D. shall have lived36. By this time next year he _ from the college.A. will be gra

32、duating               B. should be graduatingC. will have graduated              D. is graduating37. Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turns&

33、#160;   B. turn     C. has turned    D. had turned38. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell/was riding           B. fell/were ridingC. had fallen/rode     &#

34、160;     D. had fallen/was riding39. Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A. was going to be   B. was about to be   C. could be   D. was to be40. It is high time you _ in bed now.A. are    B. were      C. wi

35、ll be     D. would be41. After a while an agreement _.A. was arrived at  B. was arrived in  C.was arrived   D.has been arrived42. The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arrive  B.has arrived   C.arrives  D.is

36、 going to arrive43._,that step is not safe!A. Look around   B. Look up   C. Look out   D. Look down44. "Have you _ him to give up smoking?"  "No. I _, but he wouldn't listen."A. persuaded/tried B. tried/persuaded C.tried/tried D.persuad

37、ed/persuaded45.The research laboratory is going to _the new type of computer to use.A. take       B. make       C. put       D. send46. I don't know when he _, but when he _, I'll let you know.A. will come/comes              B. comes/will comeC. comes/comes