庫課網(wǎng)2015年專升本英語講義-閱讀理解(共64頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上2015年專升本英語講義-閱讀理解專心-專注-專業(yè)一、專升本閱讀理解能力要求專升本英語考試閱讀理解部分要求考生順利閱讀中等語言難度的一般性題材的文章，掌握中心大意以及說明中心大意的事實和細(xì)節(jié)，并能進行一定的分析、推理和判斷，領(lǐng)會作者的觀點和態(tài)度，閱讀速度達到每分鐘7080詞。在閱讀篇幅較長、難度略低、生詞不超過總詞數(shù)3%的材料時，能掌握中心大意，抓住主要事實和有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，閱讀速度達到每分鐘100詞。二、專升本閱讀理解測試要點1.基本要求：測試考生通過閱讀文章獲取信息的能力。文章選材的原則是：題材廣泛，包括人物傳記、社會、文化、日常知識、科普常識等，所涉及的背景知識應(yīng)能為

2、學(xué)生所理解。 2.閱讀四篇短文，總閱讀量在10001200詞之間。每篇短文后5個題，總計20題，每題2分，共40分，要求根據(jù)文章從四個選擇項中選一個最佳答案。 三、影響閱讀理解解題的四大惡習(xí)在做閱讀理解試題的過程中，幾乎所有的考生或多或少都會受課文學(xué)習(xí)閱讀習(xí)慣的影響，不知不覺地養(yǎng)成了不好的閱讀習(xí)慣。只有戒除這些壞習(xí)慣才能順利完成閱讀理解試題，取得更好的成績。這些壞習(xí)慣包括： “指讀”（pointing reading）：即為了“集中注意力”，用手指或筆尖指著文章逐詞閱讀。一遇到生詞，便停頓下來。無法在通篇理解的基礎(chǔ)上進行快速流暢的閱讀?！按阶x”（lip reading）：即有的學(xué)生在閱讀中喜歡

3、讀出聲來，即使不出聲，嘴唇也在動，或腦子里也在想著讀音。影響了大腦的思維速度。 “回讀”（repeated reading）：即在閱讀中遇到生詞或不熟悉的短語時，返回句首甚至段首重讀；還有相當(dāng)多的學(xué)生對閱讀已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生心理定式，認(rèn)為自己第一遍肯定讀不懂，因此反復(fù)多遍閱讀。閱讀做題效率低，浪費時間。 “譯讀”（translation reading）：即在閱讀過程中，不斷地進行逐詞逐句的翻譯，通過譯成母語來輔助理解。由于沒有掌握正確的閱讀方法，習(xí)慣于在不加限定的時間內(nèi)，對一小段文章精雕細(xì)琢，導(dǎo)致了養(yǎng)成逐詞閱讀接受信息的習(xí)慣。無法整體把握文章，理解支離破碎。 四、專升本的題材1.題材=信息（文章內(nèi)容）

4、閱讀理解是考查考生以語言知識和能力為工具獲取有用信息的過程。所謂信息就是指文章所涉及的內(nèi)容，即題材。2.專升本文章題材專升本英語閱讀理解文章題材較為廣泛，幾乎包括了我們?nèi)粘W(xué)習(xí)的各個科目，如：社會生活、人物傳記、社會文化、日常知識、經(jīng)濟、科普常識等。根據(jù)命題要求，所涉及的背景知識應(yīng)能為學(xué)生所理解。 五、閱讀理解的體裁1.議論文：是對某個問題、現(xiàn)象或某件事進行分析、評論，表明自己的觀點、立場、態(tài)度、看法和主張的一種文體。 議論文三要素包括：論點、論據(jù)和論證方法。論點是觀點，論據(jù)是事實依據(jù)或公認(rèn)的真理，論證是得出結(jié)論的方法，如歸納法、 推理法 、 對照法 、駁論法等。2.記敘文：以記敘為主要表達方

5、式，綜合其他表達方式；以寫人、敘事、寫景、狀物為主要內(nèi)容；通過描述人物、時間、地點、事件或狀物、寫景來表達一定的中心。記敘文包括六個基本要素：時間、地點、人物、起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果。 3.說明文：是以說明為主要表達方式來解說事物、闡明事理而給人知識的文章體裁。它通過揭示概念來說明事物特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性。說明文一般介紹事物的形狀、構(gòu)造、類別、關(guān)系、功能，解釋事物的原理、含義、特點、演變等。說明結(jié)構(gòu)包括：總分；分總；總分總。六、專升本閱讀理解篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類型1.問題型：提出問題分析問題解決問題。這類文章的基本模式是：通常以某種現(xiàn)象或話題開篇，該現(xiàn)象或者話題可能涉及社會生活、文化教育等各個領(lǐng)域。接著，針對

6、此現(xiàn)象或話題展開討論分析，找出其產(chǎn)生或存在的根源從而得到解決問題的辦法。解答這一類型的試題，關(guān)鍵是抓住發(fā)現(xiàn)問題分析問題解決問題這條主線。2.議論型：提出論點列舉論據(jù)得出結(jié)論。這一類型的文章與立論型議論文有很多共同之處，與問題型文章也較相似?；灸Ｊ绞牵涸谖恼麻_始，作者提出自己的觀點，接下來用所掌握的論據(jù)對此觀點加以論證，最后得出結(jié)論。閱讀這類文章，只要細(xì)心掌握哪些是論點，哪些是論據(jù)，結(jié)論又是什么即可。3立論/駁論型：提出觀點表示贊同論證觀點；提出觀點發(fā)表異議駁斥觀點建立觀點論證觀點。這類結(jié)構(gòu)是考試中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的。文章的基本模式為：開始先提出一種比較流行的觀點或者現(xiàn)象，接著闡述自己對此觀點或者

7、現(xiàn)象的看法（也可能會涉及大眾的輿論）。在闡述自己看法的同時，作者會表明自己的態(tài)度，或贊成或反對。如果作者持贊成態(tài)度，就直接對它加以論證；如果持反對態(tài)度，則還要提出自己的觀點，并給出充分論據(jù)證明?？忌滓娜蝿?wù)就是通讀全文，弄清楚哪個是作者的觀點，哪個是作者要駁斥的觀點，每個觀點都有哪些論據(jù)作為支撐。由于文章表述中大多有明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折意思，考生可以去找一些提示語，比如：However/But/Nevertheless/As a matter of fact。這些詞語常常可以作為作者觀點和其他觀點的分水嶺。4.因果型：結(jié)果/現(xiàn)象原因/成因。這類文章接近于說明文。文章大多以一種現(xiàn)象或者一種結(jié)果開篇，然后

8、進一步探討導(dǎo)致這種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果的原因或成因。文章大多圍繞社會生活、文化教育等領(lǐng)域展開。七、做題三步走1.閱讀文章做路標(biāo) (針對文章)2.明確題干找考點 （針對題干）3.重疊原文定答案 （針對選項）八、五路標(biāo)1.主題句（theme）小結(jié)：2.轉(zhuǎn)折句 顯性轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，however，although，though，despite，in spite of，on the contrary，otherwise，while 隱性轉(zhuǎn)折詞：strongly，in fact，actually小結(jié)：3.強烈表達句 含有絕對意義的詞：all，no，never, must，everything，nothing，any

9、thing，anybody，nobody，everybody 表示唯一等特定的詞匯： Only，merely，unique，just 重要的：important，essential，vital，crucial，significant，unavoidable，fundamental 最高級（強烈表達引人注意）:top，first，No.1，extreme，favorite,limitless seldom，not，few，little，hardly，rarely等否定副詞位于句首時引導(dǎo)的倒裝句4.因果條件句（題型：給果求因，給主句求條件句）因果句標(biāo)志性詞匯： as，since，because，f

10、or reason，cause result in，result from，so，thus，therefore條件句文章標(biāo)志性詞匯：If, unless小結(jié)：5.例證句九、英語長難句的分析專項練習(xí)根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，長難句分為四種類型：環(huán)環(huán)相扣式；并列式；插入語式；改變語序式。1. 環(huán)環(huán)相扣式這類句子往往有多重句子修飾成分，這些修飾成分往往由非謂語動詞或從句充當(dāng)。在閱讀過程中，對于這類句式應(yīng)當(dāng)先找到句子的主干，然后再看修飾成分。例1： A mere hundred species (物種) are the basis of our food supply，of which but twenty ca

11、rry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species that could be made use of，which will be a way to reduce the clearing of the natural homes of plants and animals to enlarge farming areas. 解析：第二句是多層結(jié)構(gòu)。第一層：Wilson suggests changing by looking ；that could be made

12、 use of 做定語修飾species。第二層：which引導(dǎo)的非限定性從句修飾changing use of。第三層：不定式 to reduce 做定語修飾 a way。 第四層：不定式 to enlarge 做目的狀語，修飾clearing。例2： This process is also found among scholars and authors： a statement of opinion by one writer may be restated by another，who may in turn be quoted by yet another；and this pro

13、cess may continue，unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.解析：冒號前是句子主干，冒號后進一步解釋。解釋中，分號分開兩個句子。第一句中含有一個who引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句。第二句中含有一個unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句；狀語從句用it做形式主語，to question or to challenge是真

14、正主語；兩個不定式賓語the facts和the interpretation各有定語從句on which 和he placed 修飾。2.并列式這種類型的句子包含多個并列成分，如并列主語、并列謂語、并列賓語等，這些并列結(jié)構(gòu)常由連詞連接。在解讀這類句式時，要注意利用連詞和標(biāo)點符號來判斷并列部分。例1： The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to be a good cause and not into the pockets of profitdriven companies，and you are not d

15、amaging the planet，but finding a new home for unwanted goods.解析：該句表語從句部分用了兩個并列的句子：第一個是that your money is going ，第二個句子是you are not but finding ,并且兩個句子用and連接。例2： The real attractions of the Hollowell farm to me were its position, being about two miles from the village, half a mile from the nearest nei

16、ghbor, bounded (相鄰) on one side by the river, and separated from the highway by a wide field.解析：該句主干是“主語 + 系表結(jié)構(gòu)”，從being到句末都是position的同位語。3.插入語式有些句子其中一部分會用逗號或破折號與其他部分分開，而處于逗號或破折號之間的內(nèi)容通常被稱為插入語。閱讀時，要先將插入語部分跳過，先讀主句，然后再讀插入語部分。 例1： The lack of right male role models in many of their lives at home and part

17、icularly in the school environment means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.解析：該句中破折號中間部分可以先略過不看，首先要找到句子的主干，即：The lack means that 。that 從句中又包含一個省略了關(guān)系代詞whom或that的定語從句，即they have to judge themselves against，修飾先行詞the only people。而破折號之間的部分為插入語，通常情況下略去插入語不影響對句子大意的理

18、解。例2： Her workthought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theoryresulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.解析：破折號之間部分可以先略過不看，首先要找到句子的主干，即：Her work resulted from the observation 。然后再理解細(xì)節(jié)部分：插入語thought th

19、eory是補充說明的成分，做非限定性定語，修飾主語her work。 that 從句用來說明observation的具體內(nèi)容，是同位語從句。4.改變語序式有時候，有些句子會使用改變語序的手段，主要以強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)和倒裝來使句子復(fù)雜化。正確掌握強調(diào)句型和倒裝語法是理解這類句型的關(guān)鍵。例：It was then that I realized that I had not really come to help, but to learn about and experience another culture that helped improve my own understanding of li

20、fe and the world.解析：該句主干用了強調(diào)句型It was then that I realized ,強調(diào)時間then。原句順序應(yīng)該是I realized then。在該句第二層結(jié)構(gòu)中，即that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，又用了一個not but連接的句式。該句的第三層結(jié)構(gòu)是culture后面that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾culture。十、四考點專升本英語閱讀部分要求考生理解所讀文章的大意，掌握主要事實和有關(guān)具體細(xì)節(jié)，通過上下文猜測某些詞語的意思，辨別作者的基本態(tài)度和觀點，根據(jù)有關(guān)信息進行一定的推理、判斷或引申。這些要求表現(xiàn)在閱讀理解的題型上分為四種類型：主旨大意題，詞語理解題，事實細(xì)

21、節(jié)題和推理判斷題。1.主旨大意題(1)基本概念：考查文章的靈魂與中心。測試考生把握主題與中心思想的能力，旨在考查考生歸納總結(jié)能力以及對文章整體上的理解把握能力，特別是加工與濃縮信息的能力。 常就文章主要內(nèi)容、主題或標(biāo)題設(shè)問。這類題目的正確選擇項絕不會是原文主題句的簡單重復(fù)，而是其意思的重新表述。(2)題型細(xì)分為三類：主題型主旨大意題，標(biāo)題型主旨大意題和目的型主旨大意題。(3)主題型主旨大意題的設(shè)問方式The main idea /central idea /major point of the passage is.The passage is mainly about/ mainly dis

22、cusses .The passage is concerned primarily about .Which of the following statements best expressed the main idea of the passage?What is the passage mainly about? What is the main topic /main subject of this passage？Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?(4)標(biāo)題型主旨大意題的設(shè)問方式The best

23、title for the passage might /would be .Which of the following titles best summarize the main idea of the passage? The title best expresses the idea of the passage is .The passage can be entitled .(5)目的型主旨大意題的設(shè)問方式The authors purpose in writing the passage is to .The passage is meant to .The authors p

24、urpose is to show .The purpose of the article is to .What is the authors main purpose in the passage?例1：People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Othe

25、rs prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Still others could live on what were called fast foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.Which of the following is the main idea of the paragraph?A. Some people like steak a

26、nd others red meat.B. Vegetables are very healthy for you.C. How food is prepared has a lot to do with how well a person may like it.D. Different people have different tastes in food.解析：主題句在段首，根據(jù)文段大意可知正確答案為D。例2：Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Ja

27、panese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casually. Still, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others. It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing resp

28、ect.This passage mainly tells us .A. how Americans show respect to othersB. how Japanese show respect to their American acquaintancesC. Americans and Japanese have different ways of showing respectD. Japanese are not satisfied with American casual behavior解析：主題句在最后，根據(jù)文段大意可知正確答案為C。2.細(xì)節(jié)題（60%）(1)基本概念：考

29、查對閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實的理解能力,問題主要包括詢問人(who)、物(what)、時間(when)、地點(where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果(effect)、文中的數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。要選擇出正確答案一定要在短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、詞組、句子，甚至是段落。(2)題型特點：閱讀理解題中細(xì)節(jié)題所占比重很大（接近60%），難度低，容易得分。一般是根據(jù)短文提供的細(xì)節(jié)信息和事實提問。所提問題可以在文章中直接或間接找到答案。正確選項一般不會與閱讀材料的原句一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型表達相同的意思。選擇的依據(jù)必須是短文本身提供的信息，考生絕不可根據(jù)自己的主觀假設(shè)或推測或是自己的觀點

30、來決定取舍。 (3)提問方式The study shows that .The real cause of is that .According to the passage, who/what/where/which/when/why/how ?Which of the following is incorrect/not mentioned/not included?The author mentions all of the items listed below except .The writer wants to prove with example of that .The exa

31、mple of is used to.What dose the example of show /illustrate? Which of the following is true/false except? Which of the following is mentioned except?Which of the following (statements) is Not mentioned in the passage?According to the passage，which of the following statements is true?According to th

32、e passage, all of the following are true except .(4)答案選項類型直接辨認(rèn)類：不要求對客觀事實解釋判斷，只要求從材料中直接獲取信息。要求記住必要細(xì)節(jié)，并準(zhǔn)確迅速地回憶出來。這種類型的答案幾乎可以直接從短文中獲得，正確答案和原文中含相關(guān)信息的句子和用詞也幾乎相似。直接辨認(rèn)類細(xì)節(jié)題舉例： Students in Junior One had a great time on the school trip on Childrens Day. They went to Blue Water Aquarium by bus. The teachers w

33、ere very happy because the students cleaned the buses after the trip.Junior One students on Childrens Day.A. visited Beijing B. watched a match C. took a trip D. gave a talent show解析：由文段首句“had a great time on the school trip”可以直接判斷答案為C。間接辨認(rèn)類：要求對客觀事實解釋判斷，答案是從閱讀材料中獲取的信息用同義或近義的形式復(fù)述出來。有時在原文中找不到同正確選項相近的詞

34、，正確答案可能是原文某一事實的結(jié)果、原因、前提等。間接辨認(rèn)類細(xì)節(jié)題舉例：Some East Africans spit four times as a kind of blessing. They do it to show that they want a sick person to get well, or to bless a newborn baby. In most other places, spitting means something completely different. It usually shows an unhealthy habit. In many cou

35、ntries, it may mean that you hate someone.In many places, spitting may mean .A. you give a newborn baby the blessingB. you want a sick person to get wellC. you quite dislike someoneD. you show your love to your relatives or friends解析：根據(jù)文段最后一句“In many countries, it may mean that you hate someone.”可知答

36、案應(yīng)選C，其中quite dislike與原文中hate同義。細(xì)節(jié)題的錯誤類型特點：a) 無中生有b) 正話反說c) 混淆（張冠李戴,類而不同）d) 超越范圍（比如限定詞的范圍，文章里說all，選項換成了most）3.推理題(1)基本概念：主要測試考生在理解字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)材料進行判斷和推論，進而理解文章的隱含意義和深層意義。 這類題綜合性強，難度較大，需要綜合運用各種閱讀技巧，合理地根據(jù)內(nèi)容、邏輯關(guān)系、關(guān)鍵詞語以及相關(guān)背景知識進行推斷。在準(zhǔn)確把握全篇主旨或段落主題的基礎(chǔ)上，分析句與句之間的關(guān)系，捕捉語言線索，揣測作者的意圖,不可死摳字面意思。 (2)(3)推理題特征詞匯：infer，b

37、e suggested(implied) but not stated，indicate，possible，probably， 4.詞語理解題(特殊變體是指代題)這類題主要考查對文中某個單詞、短語或者句子的理解，通常根據(jù)特定語境選擇正確答案。對于不認(rèn)識的生詞，考生可結(jié)合上下文進行大膽猜測。(1)提問方式The word “” in the passage means. The word “” (line) could best be replaced by. According to the passage, the word “” is known as.From the passage,

38、we can infer that the word “” means. As used in the passage, the phrase “” suggests. The expression “” is closest to. The passage used the word “”to refer to .By “” the author means .The phrase “” in the passage most properly means .The sentence “” in Para.× can be best replaced by .The word “”

39、 in Para.× is closest in meaning to .(2)詞語理解考查的三種命題思路：例：Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger than they work toward.The word “perfectionists” refers to those who .A. pay too much attention to details only

40、 to lose their major objectiveB. know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstancesC. are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they doD. demand others to get everything absolutely right解析：文段第三句即perfectionists所在句對其進行了解釋，即 “struggle over little things at the cost of something la

41、rger than they work toward”，其意思是：以犧牲要做的大事為代價而注意一些雞毛蒜皮的小事?？梢?，perfectionists是一種事無巨細(xì)一概追求盡善盡美，但往往又失去主要目標(biāo)的人。故選A。(3) 指代題提問方式如：What does“this” refers to?出題方式一般為問It，this，that，he/she，they，we這些代詞指代部分的內(nèi)容。做這類題時切忌全文通讀或查讀距離代詞過遠(yuǎn)的部分。要注意句內(nèi)指代和句間指代。句內(nèi)指代常指所有格附近的名詞，如I love this apple and its color中，its指代的是前邊的apple。句間指代指

42、的通常是前邊的整個句子。十一、十二法寶（針對選項，是最后實在沒辦法的情況下怎么“蒙”的）十二、 一要素查找細(xì)節(jié)，把握主旨。 讀文章時宏觀把握很重要，不要陷入句子里，應(yīng)該用全局的眼光來看整個文章，要“把握主旨”，再適當(dāng)看點兒細(xì)節(jié)。十三、 三原則閱讀理解專項練習(xí)Passage 1The management of logistical (物流的) operation is about movement and storage of material and finished products. Logistical operations start with the initial shipmen

43、t of a material or component part from a supplier and are finished when a manufactured or processed product is delivered to a customer.From the initial purchase of a material or component, the logistical process adds value by moving inventory(移動庫存) when and where needed. If all goes well, a material

44、 gains value at each step of its transformation into finished inventory. In other words, an individual part has greater value after it is put into a machine. Likewise, the machine has greater value once it is delivered to a buyer.To support manufacturing, workinprocess inventory must be moved to sup

45、port final assembly. The cost of each component and its movement becomes part of the valueadded process. The final or meaningful value that is added occurs only with final ownership transfer of products to customers when and where specified.For a large manufacturer, logistical operation may consist

46、of thousands of movements, which finally develop into the delivery of products to an industrial user, retailer, wholesaler, dealer, or other customer. For a large retailer, logistical operations may start with gaining products for resale and may finish with consumer pickup or delivery. For a hospita

47、l, logistics starts with purchasing and ends with full support of patient surgery and recovery. The significant point is that regardless of the size and type of enterprise, logistics is essential and requires continuous management attention. For better understanding it is useful to divide logistical

48、 operations into three areas: physical distribution, manufacturing support, and procurement (籌措，采購）.1. Logistical operations are concerned with .A. transfer of materials and finished productsB. manufacturing of materials and finished productsC. inventory of materials and finished productsD. both A a

49、nd C2. The logistical process increases value by .A. manufacturing B. inventory flowC. finished products D. operational management3. In the last paragraph, the writer gives the examples of logistical operations in order to show that .A. a large retailer purchases products for resaleB. a consumer has

50、 to pick up or deliver products himselfC. Logistics is important to an enterprise and needs continuous managementD. a large manufacturer has to deliver products to its customer4. The paragraph following the last one in the passage will probably discuss .A. inventory B. manufacturing supportC. physic

51、al distribution D. procurement .5. The main idea of the passage is about .A. moving inventoryB. logistical operationsC. transformation of materials and finished productsD. storage of materials and finished productsPassage 2 Once somebody thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately

52、around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the Uni

53、ted States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air res

54、ulting from the burning of fossil fuels ( coal and oil) is creating a greenhouse effectholding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the worlds average temperature. If this view is correct and the worlds temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities

55、such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earths temperaturea result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create som

56、ething close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect

57、 is very likely. Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the worlds temperature will stay about the same as it is now.1. This passage is mainly concerned with .A. the greenhouse effectB. the potential effect of air pollutionC. the burning of fossil fuelsD. the probability of a new ice age2. As described at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution . A. had damag