高考英語 閱讀理解之七選五（課堂PPT）

1、1高考閱讀理解之七選五七選五23七選五是英語高考試卷中的重要重要題型1.題型介紹4考試說明“主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握”1.題型介紹5難在哪里？1.題型介紹個別選項區(qū)分度不大，干擾性強個別選項區(qū)分度不大，干擾性強6說明文說明文議論文議論文記敘文記敘文2.命題方向分析歷年高考真題可知分析歷年高考真題可知結(jié)構(gòu)性強，適合考察標(biāo)題概括標(biāo)題概括，主題句主題句，過渡句過渡句等72.命題方向以以13-17年高考全國年高考全國II卷為例，體裁都是說明文卷為例，體裁都是說明文82.命題方向以以13-17年高考全國年高考全國II卷為例，體裁都是說明文

2、卷為例，體裁都是說明文93.解題步驟 先 看 選 項選 項 ，勾 畫 選 項 中的關(guān)鍵信息再 看 文 章文 章 ，分 析 文 章 結(jié)構(gòu) ， 觀 察 文章設(shè)空位置觀察空前空后空前空后內(nèi)容，分析之間的邏輯性代 入代 入 答 案 ，重 點 核 查核 查 邏輯關(guān)系104.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01語篇銜接手段包括詞匯銜接，邏輯銜接篇章結(jié)構(gòu)02根據(jù)設(shè)空在篇章中位置的不同確定不同的解題技巧114.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01詞匯銜接【例1 2016全國新課標(biāo)卷1】 People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking nev

3、er lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded message is called cryptography. AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language, some letters are used more than others. COnly people who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long as there h

4、ave been codes, people have tried to break them.解析：C項的to break them與空后的Code breaking屬于同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)124.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01詞匯銜接【例2 2014全國新課標(biāo)卷2】 Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? 38 It takes around

5、 the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.C. Make three or four instead.D. Understand your food better.解析：空前的空前的one與與three, four都是數(shù)字，屬于同范疇的詞，都是數(shù)字，屬于同范疇的詞，將此選項代入空格，前后意義將此選項代入空格，前后意義銜接，故選銜接，故選C項。項。詞匯同現(xiàn)134.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01詞匯銜接【例3 2017全國新課標(biāo)卷N2】If you h

6、ave a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 .If someone knocks and its not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed, youre not to be disturbed.E. Its important that you let them know when youll be availab

7、leF. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not解析：G項的it與空前door照應(yīng)代詞指代14語篇銜接手段詞匯銜接詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)詞匯同現(xiàn)代詞指代154.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01邏輯銜接 And; First(ly)，Second(ly)，.；First, then/ next，.；In the first place, in the second place.；for

8、one thing, for another thing，.；then /next, finally/last 等。 too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, whats more, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not.but., not only.but also等。 for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words /that is to say等。164.

9、解題技巧語篇銜接手段01邏輯銜接 so /therefore, thus, consequently(結(jié)果), as a result (of), so/such.that.，so that.等。 but, however, yet, while /though, or /otherwise, on the contrary, if not, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, yet, on the contrary, in contrast/comparison 等。 in short, in brief, in summary, generally spe

10、aking, in general, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, to sum up 等。174.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01邏輯銜接【例4. 2016全國新課標(biāo)卷1】There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden massage “Meet me.” EYou can hide a message b

11、y having the first letter of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 解析：由空后的For example可得知是解釋例證關(guān)系。E項與下文舉例相符。解釋例證關(guān)系184.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01邏輯銜接【例5.

12、 2017全國新課標(biāo)卷N3】Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 , take another look at other methods you could try.D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps you take are

13、 working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系解析：由空后的If not可得知轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系。E項if引導(dǎo)的條件句與下文if not有轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系。194.解題技巧語篇銜接手段01邏輯銜接【例6. 2014全國卷】Hopefully that gives you a good start. 40 dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way y

14、ou eat and live!E. Cooking is a burden for many people.F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.并列關(guān)系解析：由空后的and可得知并列關(guān)系。20語篇銜接手段邏輯銜接并列轉(zhuǎn)折解釋例證.214.解題技巧02【例7】(2016全國卷)It starts with looking inside yourselfand how you approach the gardening process. 37 Some people may think that a ga

15、rden Others are concerned about using gardening methods However, there are a number of other reasons thatmight explain why you want to gardenRecall (回憶) your childhood memories Our model of what a gardenA. Know why you garden.B. Find a good place for your own garden.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)a.在小標(biāo)題設(shè)空小標(biāo)題特點是，與文中給出的小標(biāo)題結(jié)構(gòu)一致，

16、多為224.解題技巧02【例8】(2017全國新課標(biāo)卷N2) 37 .Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.A.If youre busy, dont feel bad about saying noB. When you want to avoid interruptions at workC. Set boundaries for yourself as y

17、our time goes篇章結(jié)構(gòu)b.在段首設(shè)空通常是。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。解析：空格為本段主旨句。根據(jù)下文可知，本段主要講述了受到打擾要告訴別人你有很多事要做，再找另外的時間交談。234.解題技巧02【例9】(2017全國新課標(biāo)卷N3) 37 . In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise

18、, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the right motivation.C. A better plan for sleep can help.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)b.在段首設(shè)空通常是。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。解析：空格為本段主旨句。通讀本

19、段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要是建議讀者要弄清楚自己做出改變的原因，并告訴家人或室友你想要做的改變。244.解題技巧02【例10】(2017全國新課標(biāo)卷N3) Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent s

20、tudy found. 39 E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)c.在段末設(shè)空通常是總結(jié)概括該段內(nèi)容。therefore, as a result, thus, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word；如，則要考慮與前面句子的詞匯和邏輯銜接解析：空格為本段概括句。本段主要建議讀者即使在周末也要堅持自己設(shè)定的睡覺和起床時間。254.解題技巧02【例11】(2016高考浙江卷) How to Have a Successful Teenage Life Everyone wants to succeed in their life, dont they? Even as a teenager, you can achieve success i