中考英語復(fù)習(xí)第二篇中考語法專項第28課動詞的語態(tài)基礎(chǔ)知識

1、第28課動詞的語態(tài)課堂突破基本概念語態(tài)(Voice)是動詞的一種形式，用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者，被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。謂語動詞為主動語態(tài)的句子叫主動句，謂語動詞為被動語態(tài)的句子叫被動句。動詞中只有及物動詞后被動語態(tài)。種類央語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)( Active Voice ')和被動語態(tài)(Passive Voice )。構(gòu)成基本結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+動詞過去分詞，而對于動詞的各種時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)需將被動式與時態(tài)的構(gòu)成式“合二1,即將被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成中的be看作時態(tài)構(gòu)成中的動詞，而將其做相應(yīng)的變化。各種時態(tài)的主動式和被動式見卜表：

2、時態(tài)主動式被動式一般現(xiàn)在時動詞原形am/is/are+ 動詞 過去分詞現(xiàn)在進行時be+v.-ing 形式am/is/are being+ 動詞過去分詞一般將來時will/be going to+動詞原形will/be going to be+動詞過去分詞一般過去時動詞過去式was/were+動詞過去分詞過去進行時was/were+v.-ing 形式was/were being+ 動詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+動詞過去分詞have/has been+ 動詞過去分詞過去將來時would/was (were) going to+ 動詞原形would/was (were) goingto b

3、e+動詞過去分詞過去完成時had+動詞過去分詞had been+動詞過去分詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞過去分詞基本用法1 .不知道動作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時用被動語態(tài)。如：Letters are collected at eight every morning.信件每天早晨 8 點被收取。His bike has been stolen.他的自行車已經(jīng)被偷走了。2 .為了強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者時用被動語態(tài)。如： The bag was taken away by his elder sister.那個包被他姐姐拿走了。 The plan has alre

4、ady been made.計劃已經(jīng)制定好了。3 .在上卜文中，為I使句子間銜接緊密，常用被動語態(tài)。如：I have a new motorbike. Itwas given to me as a birthday present by my father.我有輛新摩托車。它是父親作為生日禮物送給我的。主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1.主動語態(tài)義為被動語態(tài)時，應(yīng)注意二個方圓：(1)把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，若是代詞，要變賓格為主格。(2)把主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：be+及物動詞的過去分詞，放在主語之后。(3)把主動語態(tài)的主語改為“ by+原主語(若是代詞，要變主格為賓格)

5、”，放在主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之后。在意思明確時 by短語可以省略。如：We speak En曲sh. 主動語態(tài))English is spoken by un.(被動語態(tài))我們講英語。2 .含有雙賓語的句子由主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時有兩種情況：(1)把間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，直接賓語仍留在原來的位置?；?An apple was given(2)把直接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語，此時，間接賓語前要加介詞 to或for 。如:He gave the boy an apple. fThe boy was given an apple by him.to the boy by him.他給了這個男孩一個蘋果。3

6、.若動詞短語是不可分割的整體，改為被動語態(tài)時，要保持其完整性，介詞或副詞不可漏掉。如：We must take good care of the young trees.f The young trees must be taken good careof.我們必須好好照顧這些小樹。4 .主動語態(tài)中感官動詞 feel, hear, see, watch等以及某些使役動詞make, have, let 后須跟省略to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語，改為被動語態(tài)時，不定式前要加to。如：Wesaw the children sing that morning. fThe children were se

7、en to sing that morning.那天早晨我們看見孩子們唱歌了。5 .有些被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是習(xí)慣用法。如： It is said that. 據(jù)說；It is/was reportedthat.據(jù)報道；It is well-known that.眾所周知；It is believed that. 人 們都相信主 動形式 1.某些由及物動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的不及物動詞，如 read, write, clean, wash, draw, cut, open,表示被動 sell等，常與副詞 well, easily, smoothly 等連用，且通常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義。如：意義的情 The p

8、en writes well.這支鋼筆很好用。2. 動詞 need, require, want, deserve等后接v.-ing的主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義，相當于況sth. need (s) /require (s)/want (s)/deserve (s) to be done。如：The car needs cleaning. 這輛汽車需要清洗了。6 .有些動詞如 cook, print 等，常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動意義。如： The lunch is cooking. 正 在做午飯。等加上形容詞，也可用主動式表示7 .某些連系動詞如feel, prove, smell, taste, sou

9、nd這種食物嘗起來很美味。被動意義。如： The food tastes delicious.8 . be worth doing 意為"值得做”，表示被動含義。如： The book is worth reading.本書值得一讀。不用被動1.謂語為連系動詞時，不用被動語態(tài)。如:He looks fine.他氣色很好。語態(tài)的52.謂語為不及物動詞（短語）時，不用被動語態(tài)。如:種情況 The war broke out in the end.戰(zhàn)爭終于爆發(fā)了。 I happened to meet him there.我碰巧在那兒見到了他。3.賓語為動詞不定式、v.-ing形式或從句，

10、表示主語的一些想法、愛好或愿望時，一般不用被動語態(tài)。如: He decided to go with us.他決定跟我們一起去。 I want to buy a computer.我想買一臺電腦。4.賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞、同源賓語等時，一般不用被動語態(tài)。如: We should help each other.我們應(yīng)該相互幫助。 He thinks of himself too much.他為自己考慮得太多。 We live a happy life here.我們在這兒過著幸福的生活。5.賓語表示處所、地點時，一般不用被動語態(tài)。如: We will reach the station i

11、n two hours.我們兩個小時內(nèi)就到站了。 He has gone to London.他去倫敦了。當堂檢測、用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.(2018 臺州)I handed in mytest paper and the last question(leave )unanswered.2. You may go fishing if your work(do).3. A terrorist attack ( happen) at Kunming Railway Station, and 29 people (kill ) in the event.4. Although everyon

12、e wants to succeed in what he tries to do, sometimes failure can' t (avoid ).5. How soon all the work (finish ) ? In a week.6. Tell me one thing you ' re proud of in your junior high school. I was (choose) as captain of the school football team.7. I will finish the work if I(give ) another t

13、en minutes.二、用方框中所給詞的適當形式填空，每詞限用一次。 (2018 諸暨中考模擬)among mad two my separate1. Although Jane ' s schoolbag is very nice, I still prefer.2. Tom is such a lazy boy that he exercises only a year.3. Nowadays, many students are from each other by iPads.4. Heart trouble is the most serious reason of dea

14、th old people.5. How strange he is!Maybe he is the man Ihave ever seen.三、任務(wù)型閱讀。(2018 湖州市南滑區(qū)中考模擬)下面是Maria的一封求職信。假設(shè)你是經(jīng)理 Mr. Green,請根據(jù)求職信內(nèi)容，完成Maria 的應(yīng)聘條件分析圖（每空限填一詞）Dear Mr. Green,I am attracted by your advertisement（廣告）and I would like to work with you from Julyto September.I ama 19-year-old Portuguese

15、 （葡萄牙的）student and now I am studying at Porto University,in the north of Portugal. I have studied English since I was 8 years old, so I can speak English very well. I have been to England twice where I attended two summer courses.I feel I would be suitable（合適的）for the job. I love children and I am g

16、ood at playingwith them. So I am popular with the children. Besides, I love sports and I exercise every day,so I can take part in any sports activities.I have some work experience and have already done a few part-time jobs during summer holidays. Last summer I worked in a primary school to take care of school children while some teachers were on holiday. I also babysit for my neighbors when they need help.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours,Maria Gonzales當