中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展面臨新挑戰(zhàn)

1、holiday,pensi on a nd health,cult ural andcreativeexperience,sportshealth,farming,ruralbed and breakfasts i n newformats.T hreeis t hebrand tocre atearticles.XX agriculturalcomparativeadvantageinto full play,e speciallytheexcl usive a dvantages ofclimate,mountainsa nd searesource s,tocreateagroup of

2、thecity,thepr ovince's"calle d" XX seafood,snackfoodsa nd safeagricult uralproducts bra ndcharacteri stics.Meanwhil e, newi ndustrygui dan ce, supportmore farmerstoparticipate in entre prene urship, promoti ng large-scale pr oje cts such a s bed andbreakfasts,farm, seed breedi ng base

3、construction.Four i sthe mechanism innovation ofthe article.Deepe nagriculturalreform,focusingon supporti ngfosterprofessionalmajor,family farms,cooperatives,enterprise s and other newsubjects ofagriculturalma nagement,impr oveagriculturalpr oducti on andoperation of large-scale,professi onalleve l.

4、Advancethe reform ofpropertyrightsystem in ruralareas,to payspecialattention to landrights,improvet hefunction ofproperty rightstrading center to gui de la nd managementto professi onal users,familyfarms,cooperatives,leading e nterprise s in circulation.Spare noefforttopr omotethe province's &qu

5、ot;Trinity"farmer cooperativeeconomyorgani zation systemreform of Countybuilding, andactively explorethe Trinity ofproduction,supply and marketing, creditFarmercooperativeeconomyorgani zation system, realorganic aggregates uptoal lkindsof business e ntities, closelylinke dtothe alla spectsofpr

6、oduction a nd marketing. ( B)to makethe country sidem ore bea utiful. Promoting the construction ofnewt owns andnew countrysi de rea ctions together,stre ngthe ningthe construction ofruraleco-envir onment, create the beautifulcountry side construction upgra des, maki ng ruralareas morel ivable, suit

7、a bleforindustr y,and travel.Afocus on ruralenvironme ntimpr ovement.As farasthe rural,the most basicistomakethee nvironme nt clea n and or derly. Pollution to extensivelymobilizet hemasses conti nue to carry water, clearrivers, downvi olations, treatmentofblea chi ng,suchas wa ste reduction,flow er

8、ing tree "big six",vigorouslycarry outwastereduction,re source re cover y, impr ove the clea ning me chanism,e nhance t helevel ofmeticul ous manageme nt ofthev lage. Second,we must payspecialattentiontothebe autiful re side ntialbuilding.A dher etothe "planninga hea d,be cause villag

9、e system,combi nation classificationimplementation, dem olition,alterationsimultane ously" policy,vig orously impleme nt the"five hundred"beautiful countrysi deconstruction, a ctivelypr omote "bea utifulhouse" pil otexpa nsion.Ar ound 104 nati onalr oad, Ling Road, l ongji n

10、da dao, sea roa d,Ju XI Liaoroadt ocat chthefive side softhe main roa ds in about 200village s,beautiful countrysi defeatures boutiquevillage created,g oodjobonplanning, env ironmental protecti on, culturalheritage ,industrial devel opment,craftingli nesto createthe bea utiful rural sce ner y,bouti

11、quevillagebreed characteristics.No matterwhich中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展面臨新挑戰(zhàn)由農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟研究中心主辦的2011 年中國農(nóng)村發(fā)展高層論壇日前在京召開。與會專家學(xué)者主要圍繞農(nóng)業(yè)增長、結(jié)構(gòu)變遷與農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，國際趨勢、農(nóng)業(yè)市場和結(jié)構(gòu)變遷；農(nóng)民收入、消費與社會結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型，工業(yè)化城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)村勞動力流動與農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展等主題，就農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村發(fā)展、經(jīng)驗和前景問題進行研討與交流。一、農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展的歷史回顧與未來展望農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟研究中心宋洪遠主任在“從積貧積弱到全面小康”的主題報告中，簡要回顧了近代以來中國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展和制度變遷的歷程。他認為， 百年以來農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展的歷史

12、可分為清末民初時期、南京國民政府時期、新中國成立到改革開放前、改革開放以來等四個階段，并通過翔實的歷史資料對這四個階段的發(fā)展狀況和特點進行了分析。得出的重要經(jīng)驗和啟示是： 一要深化農(nóng)村經(jīng)營體制和管理機制改革，加大農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村投入；二要加強農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和推廣應(yīng)用，加快改造傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)；三要著力培養(yǎng)有文化、懂技術(shù)、會經(jīng)營的新型農(nóng)民，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)；四要正確發(fā)揮政府和市場在農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展中的作用，推進中國特色農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。展望今后一個時期我國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展的前景，宋洪遠認為，在工業(yè)化基本完成、城市化快速推進、 市場化和全球化深入發(fā)展的大背景下，我國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)以下趨勢與特點：一是農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值與就業(yè)份額的非均衡遞

13、減，二是土地非農(nóng)與人口非農(nóng)的非均衡遞增，三是農(nóng)業(yè)的小部門化與多功能化，四是城鄉(xiāng)收入消費差距的擴大，五是機械 化學(xué) 生物 信息技術(shù)的交互演進， 六是農(nóng)業(yè)雙層經(jīng)營體制的發(fā)展與完善，七是農(nóng)業(yè)行政管理體制的改革與創(chuàng)新。為此，他提出要從調(diào)整國民收入分配結(jié)構(gòu)、加大對農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村的支持和保護，加快發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)、推進農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，推進城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展、加快新農(nóng)村建設(shè)，充分發(fā)揮工業(yè)化城鎮(zhèn)化的支持帶動作用、提升農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展水平等方面，推進農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村長期平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展。hecity.Thir d,w orkonstrengthe ned safeguards.Advaeoperating incomegrowth.nci n

14、g pre cision of poverty,improvethe low-incomehouse hol dtra I .1 .ncreaseempl oymentlevels,promout ofpoverty"of poverty,further strengthening thefallbancome.Guide e nterprises to stre ngthen socialresponsi I J _ Ind soci alassi stance,and addresstbilit y,equalityand mutualI _I _ -一一c servi ces

15、i n ruralareas, focus onresolviss ofrural publi cservi ceand people'slivel. . II I - . .1 I .I IL .-dicala nd otherwayst o improve e ducationallevelI - 一一cond inthegrowi ng collective- I 1nghealth conditions in refforts.Cityha s devel ope dthe impl ementation ofvillag - L -uralareas.ntralvillage

16、tto set up-levelcolledaycare centrest opromoteold-age home,ruralelderly pequirest hreeyearsofhardw .II -orkand largely kongke1 一-一nsi on probl ems.Thir d,firmly graspacun,themajorityofvillagesndconti nue dtoplay w ell "five watertreatmentof" winniholiday,pensi on a nd health,cult ural andc

17、reativeexperience,sportshealth,farming,ruralbed and breakfasts in newformats.T hreeis t hebrand tocreatearticles.XX agriculturalcomparativeadvantageinto full play,e speciallytheexclusive a dvantages ofclimate,mountains and searesource s,tocreateagroup ofthecity,thepr ovince's"calle d"

18、XX seafood,snackfoodsa nd safeagriculturalproducts brandcharacteri stics.Meanwhil e, newi ndustrygui dance,supportmorefarmers toparticipatein entre prene urship, promoti ng large-scale pr oje cts such a s bed andbreakfasts,farm, seed breeding base construction.Four i sthe mechanism innovation ofthe

19、article.Deepe nagriculturalreform,focusingon supporti ngfosterprofessionalmajor,family farms,cooperatives,enterprise s and other newsubjects of agricultural ma nagement,impr oveagriculturalpr oducti on andoperation of large-scale,professi onalleve l.Advancethe reform ofpropertyrightsystem in ruralar

20、eas,to payspecialattention to landrights,improvet hefunction ofproperty rightstrading center to gui de la nd managementto professi onal users,familyfarms,cooperatives,leading e nterprise s in circulation.Spare noefforttopr omotethe province's "Trinity"farmer cooperativeeconomyorgani za

21、tion systemreform of Countybuilding, andactively explore theTrinityofproduction,supply andmarketing, creditFarmercooperativee conomyorgani zation system, realorga nic aggregates uptoal lkindsof business e ntities, closelylinke dtothe alla spectsofpr oducti on a nd marketing. ( B)to makethe country s

22、idem ore bea utiful. Promoting the construction ofnewt owns andnew countrysi de rea ctionstogether, stre ngthe ningthe construction ofruraleco-envir onment, create the beautifulcountry side construction upgra des, maki ng ruralareas morel ivable, suita bleforindustr y,and travel.Afocus on ruralenvir

23、onme ntimpr ovement.Asfaras therural,themostbasicistomakethee nvironme nt clea n and or derly. Pollution to extensivelymobilizet hemasses conti nue to carry water, clearrivers, downvi olations, treatmentofblea chi ng,suchas wa ste reduction,flowering tree "bigsix",vigorouslycarry outwaster

24、eduction,re source re covery, impr ove the clea ning me chanism,e nhance t helevel ofmeticul ousmanageme nt ofthev lage. Second,we must payspecialattentiontothebe autiful re sidentialbuilding.A dher etothe "planninga hea d,be cause village system,combi nation classificationimplementation, dem o

25、lition,alterationsimultane ously" policy,vig orously implement the"five hundred"beautiful countrysideconstruction, activelypr omote "bea utifulhouse"pil otexpa nsion.Ar ound 104 nati onalr oad, Ling Road, l ongji nda dao, sea roa d,Ju XILiaoroadt ocat chthefive side softhe m

26、ain roa ds in about 200village s,beautiful countrysi defeatures boutiquevillage created,g oodjobonplanning, environmental protection, culturalheritage,industrial devel opment,craftingli nesto createthe bea utiful rural sce ner y,bouti quevillagebreed characteristics.No matterwhich世界銀行高級副行長兼首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家林毅夫

27、圍繞當前國際形勢和中國未來經(jīng)濟發(fā)展及其對中國農(nóng)村政策的意義，發(fā)表了很多獨到的見解。林毅夫回顧了世界金融危機給發(fā)達國家以及發(fā)展中國家?guī)淼臎_擊和影響，指出發(fā)達國家由于需求萎縮導(dǎo)致了失業(yè)率增加，稅收減少，政府公共債務(wù)急劇積累，政府財政政策陷入兩難境地。他認為，由于發(fā)達國家目前還占到全世界生產(chǎn)總值的70 ，受復(fù)蘇前景黯淡的影響，在未來幾年，整個國際外部環(huán)境還是比較低迷。 而中國作為一個中等發(fā)達的國家和中等收入國家，產(chǎn)業(yè)升級的空間非常大，工資增長的速度也很快。另外， 由于較低的政府公共負債水平和大量的外匯儲備，國民經(jīng)濟中消費和投資增加都會比較迅速。他樂觀地認為，中國經(jīng)濟將在未來20 年保持 8 的增長

28、，到 2030年中國按照購買力平價計算的人均收入水平應(yīng)該是至少達到美國的50 ，達到高收入國家水平。林毅夫指出，要實現(xiàn)這種長期、穩(wěn)定的增長，首先取決于政治和社會穩(wěn)定；其次是充分利用跟發(fā)達國家技術(shù)、產(chǎn)業(yè)差距的后發(fā)優(yōu)勢；第三要解決收入分配及貿(mào)易不平衡問題；第四要妥善應(yīng)對全球氣候變暖的挑戰(zhàn)。林毅夫還指出，國際國內(nèi)宏觀經(jīng)濟發(fā)展態(tài)勢將對農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展提出新的挑戰(zhàn)：一是農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的量和質(zhì)的需求將會增加，而農(nóng)業(yè)土地和勞動力的投入將會減少， 這將使糧食安全問題面臨嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn)；二是如何縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民在收入和公共服務(wù)上的差距問題。為此，他認為，如何提高農(nóng)業(yè)勞動生產(chǎn)率，改變農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，從而保證主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給和提高農(nóng)

29、民收入，是未來中國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村政策制定過程中需要著重解決的問題。二、農(nóng)業(yè)增長、結(jié)構(gòu)變遷與農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化韓國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟研究院院長吳世翼對韓國的農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展進行了回顧。在20 世紀 50 年代，韓國的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展非常落后，農(nóng)民也非常貧困，從60 年代開始到70 年代，韓國開展了全國性的新農(nóng)村運動，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展開始加速，1975 年韓國實現(xiàn)了糧食自給自足，農(nóng)村地區(qū)的景觀非常美麗。進入新世紀以來，農(nóng)業(yè)進一步朝著環(huán)保、高科技的方向發(fā)展。但韓國農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村發(fā)展也面臨著一些問題：一是農(nóng)民老齡化問題。目前農(nóng)民平均年齡大概在55 56 歲。 二s long a s they caug ht up pea ch Lakea nd

30、villageaftereight acre s to createa sta ndard,even ifthe Countyfinancialto benervous,theCountyGovernme ntwillfulfiltheir commitments,a nd 3 millionYua n/vi llage ofsubsi dies.Thir d,wem ustpayspecialattention todevel opment ofbea utyindustr y.Constructionand traditionalvill agesa nd beautiful countr

31、ysi de protecti on of history a nd culture village ,ruraltourism, bed a nd breakfastin combi ning economi c,on ruralt ourism devel opment i npre ciseand accurate positi oni ng, preci sion marketing,supply, andvigorously promotet he beautifulr urallandscape ofruraltourism complex,line,fashion boutiqu

32、efarm villageconstruction andstrive to buil d agroupofXX feature quality boutiqueaccommodation project. (C)efforts to getfarmerstobecomeeve nricher."Off notwell-off,the key to fellow",the "threeagri culture",finaldestinati on wasimpr oving farmers'welfare,improving farmers

33、9; living standards.Focusonthreeaspect s: onei"increasi ng income-ge nerating"efforts.Activelydeveloping t he characteri stic agriculture ,processing,e -commerce,farmand bed and breakfastine conomy, ensurea stableoperating incomegrowth.Deepenthe "threerights" rights empoweri ng t

34、he reform,promoti ng thepr operty i ncome growth.Strengthening of farmers'skills training,i ncreaseempl oymentlevels,promoting sustaine d growt h inwagei ncome.Guide e nterpri ses to stre ngthen socialresponsibilit y,equalityand mutualbe nefit, and signe d acontractof purchase a nd sale of agric

35、ultural products for farmers,cooperativesand farmersare encouraged "guaranteed ear nings + share"distributionsystem,sharingthevalue-added benefits ofindustrialdevelopment.Second inthegrowi ng collective efforts.Cityha s devel ope dthe impl ementation ofvillage -levelcolle ctive economythre

36、e years cultivating meter, Requirest hreeyearsofhardworkand largely kongkecun,themajority ofvillageshaveoperatingincome.Against this target,we是人均面積少，生產(chǎn)成本高。三是資本投入不足。四是城鄉(xiāng)之間收入差距不斷擴大，農(nóng)民收入只占城市收入的2/3。他同時認為韓國農(nóng)業(yè)也有很多潛力和機遇。一是韓國消費模式不 斷變化，這與韓國農(nóng)業(yè)向高科技方向發(fā)展相一致。二是新一代農(nóng)民數(shù)量雖然比較少，但是綜合素質(zhì)較高，往往成為一些鄉(xiāng)村的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，帶動當?shù)剞r(nóng)村發(fā)展。 三是近年來韓國農(nóng)產(chǎn)

37、品出口增長迅速，2010年農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口達到 59億美元。吳世翼總結(jié)了韓國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗，他認為 韓國農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展最重要的是依靠農(nóng)業(yè)高科技，通過高科技的發(fā)展使種業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和食品加工業(yè)取得發(fā)展，農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的合理架構(gòu)使得農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量得到提高，農(nóng)民收入得到顯著增加，從而促進農(nóng)村進一步繁榮，這就是韓國發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)成功的良性循環(huán)模式。中國科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)政策研究中心主任黃季在中國農(nóng)業(yè)增長和結(jié)構(gòu)變遷的背景下，分析了增長和變遷的主要驅(qū)動力，未來可能面臨的挑戰(zhàn)以及現(xiàn)代國家的政策。他指出，中國農(nóng)業(yè)過去30年每年以4. 4%的增長速度發(fā)展， 在世界上是絕無僅有的。 此外，農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)生了巨 大變遷。改革開放時，種植業(yè)約占80%

38、,目前約占50%,農(nóng)作物內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)生了巨大變 化，改革開放時80 %的耕地用于糧食生產(chǎn)， 現(xiàn)在只有2/3。他認為中國的農(nóng)業(yè)增長與結(jié)構(gòu) 變化主要是制度創(chuàng)新、市場改革、政府投入三個方面的原因所致。很多研究都表明，早期中國農(nóng)業(yè)增長的90 %左右都來自于家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責任制。而中國30多年的市場改革將國內(nèi)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場高度整合， 國內(nèi)市場與國際市場基本接軌，價格傳遞更為迅捷， 使農(nóng)民可以根據(jù)價格變動更合理地配置勞動力、土地等要素，顯著提高了勞動生產(chǎn)率。此外，政府投入特別是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和農(nóng)業(yè)科技投入也發(fā)揮了重要作用。目前我國50 %的耕地已經(jīng)得到了灌溉，在發(fā)展中國家排在前列，也高于部分發(fā)達國家。在科技投入方面，

39、20世紀80年代中后期，農(nóng)業(yè)科技投入總量每年都以 2 % 3 %的速度增長。黃季進一步指出，中國農(nóng)業(yè)在取得很大成就的時候也面臨著一些問題和挑戰(zhàn)。談到未來中國糧食以及其他農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求問題，他預(yù)測水稻和小麥的糧食安全并不存在問題，需求增長較快的是蔬菜、水果，更為重要的還有畜產(chǎn)品、水產(chǎn)品，未來會成倍增長，需求很難控制。因此，他認為未來中國農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展還是holiday,pensi on a nd health,cultural andcreativeexperience,sportshealth,farming,ruralbed and breakfasts i n newformats.Threei

40、s t hebrand tocreatearticles.XX agriculturalcomparativeadvantageinto full play,e speciallytheexclusive a dvantages ofclimate,mountains and searesource s,tocreateagroup ofthecity,thepr ovince's"calle d" XX seafood,snackfoodsa nd safeagriculturalproducts brandcharacteri stics.Meanwhile,

41、newindustrygui dance,supportmorefarmers toparticipatein entre prene urship, promoti ng large-scale proje cts such a s bed andbreakfasts,farm, seed breedi ng base construction.Four isthe mechanism innovation ofthe article.Deepe nagriculturalreform,focusingon supporti ngfosterprofessionalmajor,family

42、farms,cooperatives,enterprise s and othernewsubjects of agricultural ma nagement,impr oveagriculturalproducti on andoperation of large-scale,professi onalleve l.Advancethe reform ofpropertyrightsystem in ruralareas,to payspecialattention to landrights,improvethefunction ofproperty rightstrading cent

43、er to guide land managementtoprofessi onal users,familyfarms,cooperatives,leading e nterprises incirculation.Spare noefforttopr omotetheprovince's "Trinity"farmer cooperativeeconomyorgani zation systemreform of Countybuilding, andactively explore theTrinityofproduction,supply andmarket

44、ing, creditFarmercooperativeeconomyorganization system, realorganic aggregates uptoal lkindsof business e ntities, closelylinke dtothe alla spectsofpr oducti on a nd marketing. (B)to makethe countrysidem ore beautiful. Promoting theconstruction ofnewtowns andnew countrysi de rea ctionstogether, stre

45、ngthe ningthe construction ofruraleco-envir onment, create thebeautifulcountry side construction upgra des, maki ng ruralareas morel ivable, suita bleforindustr y,and travel.Afocus on ruralenvironme ntimpr ovement.Asfaras therural,themostbasicistomakethee nvironment clea n and or derly.Pollution to

46、extensivelymobilizet hemasses conti nue to carry water, clearrivers,downvi olations, treatmentofblea chi ng,suchas waste reduction,flow ering tree "bigsix",vigorouslycarry outwastereduction,re source recovery, impr ove the clea ning me chanism,e nhance t helevel ofmeticul ousmanagement oft

47、hevlage. Second,we must payspecialattentiontothebe autiful re sidentialbuilding.A dher etothe "planningahea d,be cause village system,combi nation classificationimplementation, dem olition,alterationsimultane ously" policy,vig orously implement the"five hundred"beautiful countrys

48、i deconstruction, a ctivelypr omote "bea utifulhouse"pil otexpa nsion.Ar ound 104 nati onalr oad, Ling Road, l ongji nda dao, sea roa d,Ju XILiaoroadt ocat chthefive sidesofthe main roads in about 200village s,beautiful countrysi defeatures boutiquevillage created,g oodjobonplanning, envir

49、onmental protecti on, culturalheritage ,industrial devel opment,craftingli nesto createthe bea utiful ruralsce nery,bouti quevillagebreed characteristics.No matterwhich要靠制度創(chuàng)新特別是土地制度創(chuàng)新、市場改革和國家投入。今后國家投入的重點除了增加農(nóng)業(yè)補貼外，更重要的是加強基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、食品安全以及對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)等非常重要的一些生產(chǎn)要素的投入。三、國際趨勢、農(nóng)業(yè)市場和結(jié)構(gòu)變遷與會專家認為，持續(xù)的人口增長、城市化和發(fā)展中國家的收入增加將刺激

50、對大多數(shù)食品的需求， 從而對全球糧食供給提出挑戰(zhàn)。這些因素會進而推動對肉制品和奶制品的需求，將推動玉米、 粗糧等飼料糧和其他膳食價格上漲。生物能源的需求將繼續(xù)爭奪土地和水資源。日益嚴重的水資源和土地稀缺將越來越多地制約糧食生產(chǎn)的增長，對糧食安全和人類福祉造成不利影響。除此之外，氣候變化將使農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)生改變，從而威脅那些依賴作物和畜牧業(yè)以保障其糧食安全和收入的發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)民。國際食物政策研究所的MarkW Rosegrant 先生，研究評估了截止到2050 年的氣候變化對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、主要產(chǎn)品、熱量供應(yīng)、價格的影響。對于如何應(yīng)對上述挑戰(zhàn)，國際糧農(nóng)組織亞太地區(qū)部經(jīng)濟與社會政策援助小組協(xié)調(diào)員Purusho

51、ttamK Mudbhary 先生認為，解決糧食安全問題要求政府立即采取措施，增加農(nóng)業(yè)研究和推廣農(nóng)業(yè)投資，加大對農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和社會公共服務(wù)的投入，大幅增加糧食作物產(chǎn)量。 此外，政府必須對食用糧食向生物燃料生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向進行合理處理。最后，為使窮人免受高糧價之苦，需要為他們提供更多的糧食安全保障。中央農(nóng)村工作領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組副組長陳錫文在分析了我國的糧食生產(chǎn)取得的成就與存在的主要問題之后，認為盡管實現(xiàn)了糧食生產(chǎn)連續(xù)增長，但中國的糧食安全問題，糧食和其他主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的供給保障問題的基礎(chǔ)還很薄弱。我國進口的糧食等其他主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品數(shù)量也在快速增長，這對我們來說是一個警示。盡管糧食和其他主要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)量不斷增長，但由于工

52、業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化的快速推進，由于人民生活水平的快速提高，對農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求數(shù)量不斷增長，所以從這個角度看，對于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)資源的保障，對于農(nóng)業(yè)投入的保障，對于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供給的各種刺激政s long as they caug ht up peach Lakea nd villageaftereight acres tocreatea standard,even ifthe Countyfinancialto benervous,theCountyGovernme ntwillfulfiltheir commitments,a nd 3 millionYua n/vi llage ofsubsi dies.Thi

53、r d,wem ustpayspe cialattention to devel opment ofbea utyindustr y.Constructionand traditi onalvill agesa nd beautiful countrysi de protecti onof history a nd culture village ,ruraltourism, bed a nd breakfastin combi ning economi c,on ruralt ourism devel opment i npre ciseand accuratepositi oni ng,

54、precision marketing,supply,andvigorously promotet he beautifulr urallandscape ofruraltourism complex,line,fashion boutiquefarm villageconstruction andstrive to buil d agroup ofXX feature quality boutiqueaccommodationproject. (C)efforts to getfarmerstobecomeeve nricher."Off notwell-off,the key t

55、o fellow",the "threeagri culture",finaldestinati on wasimproving farmers'welfare,improving farmers' livi ng standards.Focus onthreeaspect s: onei"increasi ng income-ge nerating"efforts.Activelydeveloping the characteristic agriculture,processing,e -commerce,farmand b

56、ed and breakfastine conomy, ensurea stabl eoperating incomegrowth.Deepenthe "threerights" rights empoweri ng the reform,promoting theproperty i ncome growth.Strengthening of farmers'skills training,i ncreaseempl oymentlevels,promoting sustaine d growt h inwagei ncome.Guide e nterprises

57、 to strengthe n socialresponsibilit y,equalityand mutualbe nefit, andsigne d acontractofpurchase a nd sale of agriculturalproducts for farmers,cooperativesand farmersare encouraged "guaranteed ear nings + share"distributionsystem,sharingthevalue-added benefits ofindustrialdevelopment.Secon

58、d int hegrowi ng collective efforts.Cityha s devel opedthe implementation ofvillage -levelcollective economythree years cultivating meter, Requirest hreeyearsofhardw orkand largely kongke cun,themajority ofvillageshaveoperatingincome.Against this target,weholiday,pensi on a nd health,cult ural andcreativeexperience,sportshealth,farming,ruralbed and breakfasts i n newformats.T hreeis t hebrand tocre atearticles.XX agriculturalcomparativeadvantageinto full play,e speciallytheexcl usive a dvantages ofclimate,mou ntainsa nd searesource s,tocreateagroup ofthecity,thepr