動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)復習學案

1、學習必備歡迎下載動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)復習學案一、動詞的時態(tài)時態(tài)是謂語動詞所表示的動作或情況發(fā)生時間的各種形式。英語動詞有16 種時態(tài)，但是常用的有9 種: (以 do 為例， S 表主語 )現在時過去時一般式進行式完成式S+do/does S+am/is/are(not)S+ have/has (not) done(not)+.doing S+ did (not) + S+was/were(not)S+ had (not) done doing 將來時S+ will(not) +S+ will (not) haveS+ will be (not) doingdodone過去將S+ should/wo

2、uld (not) + do來時現在完成進行S+ have/has (not) been doing時(一 ) 一般現在時用法 :1）、表示經常性、習慣性動作。句中常用 often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week, month, year)等時間狀語。(1). He goes to school every day.(2). They often come to school early.2）、表示現在狀態(tài)。(1). They are at home.(2). The old man is 76.3）、表示客觀真理。The sun is

3、bigger than the earth.4）、在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時表示將來。(1). If it doesn t raintomorrow, we will go to the park.(2). When I graduate, I will go to the countryside.(二) 一般過去時用法 :1）、通常帶有確定的過去時間狀語，表示過去某時間發(fā)生的事，存在的狀態(tài)。這些時間狀語有： yesterday, last night(week, month, year), two days(weeks, months, years) ago, in 197

4、0, just now等.(1). Did you see her just now?(2). The First World War broke out in 1914.2）、表示過去經常發(fā)生的動作，也可用” used to do和 would do ?！?1) I used to smoke.(2). During the vacation I would swim in the sea.3)在 since引導的時間狀語從句中 , 如果主句的謂語用現在完成時 ,那么 since從句就要用一般過去時 .(1) You haven t changedmuch since we last met

5、.(2) It has been over a year since I came back from the country.學習必備歡迎下載4) 其他句型 It was two months before I received his lesson. It will be two months before we meet again. It was ten o clock when he arrived home. I didn t know you were in Paris.(三) 一般將來時表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)1、形式：一般將來時有如下幾種表達方式1）、will/shall + V

6、 原形2）、be going to + V 原形3）、be to + V 原形4）、be about to + V原形5）、現在進行時表一般將來時6）、一般現在時表一般將來時2、用法 :1）、will/shall + V 原形 ,表單純的將來 . will 適用于任何人稱 , shall 僅限于第一人稱 .eg: (1) They will be back next week.(2). Don t worry,shall/willI help you.2) be going to + V 原形 , 表主觀上打算做某事或表將要發(fā)生的事.eg: I am going to send these l

7、etters.3) be to + V 原形 ,表按計劃進行或征求對方意見 . eg: We are to meet at the station at five.4) be about to + V原形 ,表即將發(fā)生的動作 ,通常不與時間狀語連用 . eg: Look! The race is about to start. I am about to speak when he rushes in.注意 : Miss Li is about to leave the office at 5 p.m. ( )×5) 現在進行時表一般將來時 ,表按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作 .但只限于少數動

8、作 ( 如:come, leave, go, arrive, start, begin, stop, return, move, sail )eg: The train is leaving.6) 一般現在時表一般將來時 ,一般用于時刻表 ,不可隨意改變 . 但只限于少數動作(如: come, leave, go, arive, start, begin, stop, return, open, meet, stay )eg: The meeting startsat five o clock.另外 , 在時間和條件狀語從句中, 也用一般現在時表一般將來.eg: I will tell her

9、 when she comes back. I shall come even if it rains. (四) 過去將來時用法 :表示從過去的某時間看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在狀態(tài)。過去將來時和一般將來時形式一樣，只需把 be 換成 was/were, shall 換成 should, will 換成 would 就行了。(1). I didn t know thatwouldyou come.(2). She said she was going to write to her parents.(3). I was about to go out when it rained.(4). I a

10、sked Bob if he was leaving for Nanjing.(5). If it didn t rainwe would go camping.學習必備歡迎下載(五) 現在進行時用法 :1）、表示說話時正在進行的動作。常與 now, just now, at this moment, at present等詞連用。(1). Now, I am doing my homework.(2). Watch carefully, I am making coffee.2）表示說話者的某種強烈的感情色彩(贊許 ,氣憤 ,厭煩 ),常與 always, forever 等連用 .(1)

11、You are always making the same mistake生.(氣 )(2) She is always thinking of others instead of herself.( 贊許 )(六) 過去進行時用法 :1）、表示過去某一時刻或某一階段正在進行的動作， 常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：then, at that time, at this time, this time yesterday, at midnight等。但在很多情況下要根據語言情景進行判斷。(1). I was watching TV when the fire broke out.(2). W

12、hat were you doing this time yesterday?2）、當兩個動作同時發(fā)生時，如果動作一樣長，則兩個都用進行時；如果一長一短，則用進行時表示較長的動作。(1). We were having dinner when someone knocked on the door.(2). I was typing while my brother was reading.(3). We were walking down the street when it began to rain.(七) 現在完成時用法 :1)表示動作在說話之前已完成，但對現在存在著一定影響。此時一般

13、不用時間狀語。(1). I have read Red and Black.(2). I have found my pen.(3). He has been to Beijing.2）、表示動作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現在，也許還會持續(xù)下去，常用for 和 since表示一段時間的狀語或用 so far, now, today, this week(month, year), in the past(last) few years, lately, recently, up to now, at present等時間狀語。(1). I have worked here for ten years.

14、(2). He has studied English since 1985.(3). My hometown has changed a lot in the past few years.注意：表示短暫性動詞如 come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成時不能與 for, since 等表示一段時間的詞連用。I have joined the army for 3 years. 錯()應該 I have been in the army for 3 years.或 I joined in the army three tears ago.(八 ) 過去完成時用法 : 過去完

15、成時的基本用法與現在完成時相似，所不同的是：現在完成時的動作須在現在以前完成， 過去完成時的動作須在過去某一時間以前完成， 就是發(fā)生在 “過去的過去 ”。所以，使用過去完成時要先有一個過去的時間。學習必備歡迎下載1）、表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)。句中常用 by, before, until, when 等詞引導的時間狀語。(1). I had learned 5000 words before I entered the university.(2). By the end of last year we had built five new houses.(3). Whe

16、n we got there the train had already left.(4). I had finished my homework before supper.2）表未實現的愿望和想法（虛擬語氣）(1)I had meant to come, but something happened.(2) I had thought you would not come.(九) 將來完成時用法 : 表將來某時之前已將完成的動作。(1) They will have been here for ten years next July.(2) I shall have finished th

17、e work before he returns. (十) 現在完成進行時用法 : 表過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現在 ,并且可能還要持續(xù)下去 .使用的時間狀語有 :this week(month, year), these days, recently, lately, in the past fewyears, since+時間點 , for+ 時間段(1) we have been studying Unit4 this week.(2) we have been learning English for six years.現在完成進行時與現在完成時的區(qū)別1) 現在完成進行時比現在

18、完成時更強調動作的延續(xù) . 現在完成進行時表示動作仍在進行 ,而現在完成時表示動作的結果或影響 .(1) I have written a letter.(已寫完 ) I have been writing a letter.(還在寫 )(2) We have built the house for two months.動(作可能結束 ,也可能還要繼續(xù) )We have been building the house for two months.( 動作還在進行 ,并且還要繼續(xù)下去 )2) 現在完成進行時的動作是持續(xù)性的動作 ,不能使用狀態(tài)動詞 (表感覺 ,狀態(tài) ,心理活動等 ), 現在完

19、成時可與短暫性動詞 , 持續(xù)性動詞及狀態(tài)動詞連用 .3) 有些延續(xù)性動詞如 : keep, learn, study, live, stay, work等的現在完成進行時與現在完成時的區(qū)別不大 .Eg: I have lived / have been living here for many years.二、動詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，表示主語和謂語的關系 .英語動詞有兩種語態(tài) :主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài) .主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者 .被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者 .e.g. 1. Many people speak English. 主(動語態(tài) )2. English is spoken by many people.