2022年英語試題練習題教案學案課件牛津高一英語M4U3

1、牛津高一英語m4u3 tomorrows world 學案grammar and usage( 被動語態(tài) ) 第一部分：重點講解語態(tài)(voice)，作為一個語法范疇，是表示主語和動詞之間的主動或被動關(guān)系的動詞行式。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)(active voice)和被動語態(tài) (passive voice)。當主語為動作執(zhí)行者即施動者時，動詞用主動態(tài)；如果主語是動作的承受者即受動者時，動詞便用被動態(tài)。例如：(1) john helped peter. (2) peter was helped by john. 句(1) helped是主動態(tài)；句 (2)was helped是被動態(tài) ,可見主

2、動態(tài)是無標記的，而被動態(tài)是有標記的。構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)由助動詞be 的時態(tài)之一和及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)可用于各種時態(tài)，其時態(tài)變化通過助動詞be 的不同形式來體現(xiàn)。如：一般現(xiàn)在時的被動態(tài)構(gòu)成形式為助動詞am/is/are + 過去分詞；而一般過去時的被動態(tài)構(gòu)成形式為 was/were + 過去分詞。本冊要掌握的被動語態(tài)形式有：一般現(xiàn)在時： am/is/are + 過去分詞e.g. football is played all over the world. im often asked to do this work. 我常常被派做這項工作。一般過去時： was/were + 過去分詞e.g

3、. the terracotta warriors were found in 1974 near xi an. they were discovered by workers in a field outside the city. when was the building completed? 這座大樓什么時候建成的？一般將來時： will (shall) + be +過去分詞be going to + be + 過去分詞e.g. the result of the exam will be known soon. 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - -

4、- - - - 第 1 頁，共 9 頁 - - - - - - - - -they are going to be given a difficult test. 一般過去將來時： should(would) be+ 過去分詞e.g. the teacher said the results would be published soon. he told me that the film would be shown the next week. 現(xiàn)在進行時： am/is/are + being + 過去分詞e.g. the new airport is being built by a f

5、oreign company. 一家外國公司正在承建這座新機場。the song is being sung by the girls now. 過去進行時： was/were being+ 過去分詞e.g. the song was being sung by the girls when i got there. the student was being criticized when i went into the teacher s office. 將來完成時： will have been+ 過去分詞e.g. by the end of next term 2000 english

6、 words will have been learned. the building will have been built by next year. 現(xiàn)在完成時： has/have + bee n + 過去分詞e.g. all the tickets have been sold . the book has been translated into many languages. 這本書已被譯成多種語言。過去完成時： had been+過去分詞e.g. forty schools had been visited by last year. all the tickets had b

7、een sold out when i got to the cinema. 過去將來完成時： would have been+ 過去分詞e.g. he said many words would have been learned by 2001. they promised that ten books would have been published by the next month. e.g. the result of the exam will be known soon. they are going to be given a difficult test. 第二部分：被動

8、語態(tài)用法：一 it+be+ 動 詞 的 過 去 分 詞 +that 從 句 。 常 用 于 這 一 結(jié) 構(gòu) 的 動 詞 有 ：say,report,expect,prove,suppose 等，該結(jié)構(gòu)通常可轉(zhuǎn)化為 “be+過去分詞 +不定式” 。精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁，共 9 頁 - - - - - - - - -例如： 1）it is reported that they are sailing in the pacific.-they are reportedto be sailing in the pacific

9、. 2)it is said that mr.bell invented the first telephone.-mr.bell is said to have invented the first telephone. 當不定式 to 后的動作早于不定式to 前的動作發(fā)生，不定式 to 后的動作應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示動作的完成。又如：the old bridge is said to have been built in the early 1930s. 二） 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)情態(tài)動詞被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：一般式：情態(tài)動詞（ can,could,may,might,must,should,ne

10、ed 等）+ be+過去分詞 . 完成式：情態(tài)動詞（ can,could,may,might,must,should,need 等）+ have+ been+ 過去分詞。例如： 1）you needn t mention his plan in your speech.- his plan needn t be mentioned in your speech. 2）you might have completed your task ahead of time.-your task might have been completed ahead of time. 三被動語態(tài)的特殊情況：1.

11、含有動詞短語的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，不要漏掉其后的介詞或副詞。例如：1）we must take good care of the children.- the children must be taken good care of. 2. 被動語態(tài)常在不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或者是要強調(diào)動作的承受者時才用。助動詞 be有時可被系動詞get替換，即“get+過去分詞”，也可表示被動概念。例如：1）you are wanted on the phone. 3. 固定結(jié)構(gòu) be going to,used to,have to,had better 等在變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r， 只需將其后的動詞變?yōu)楸粍有问郊纯?。?/p>

12、如：the little boy used to send newspapers here.-newspapers used to be sent here by the little boy. 4.“賓語 +補語”又叫復(fù)合賓語，變被動語態(tài)時，只講賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，補語位置保持不動，但是其變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語了。例如; someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette in the toilet.-the boy was caught smoking a cigarette in the toilet. 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - -

13、- - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 9 頁 - - - - - - - - -5 在使役動詞 have,make,get以及感官動詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe 等后面用動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號to 要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加 to.例如：someone saw a stranger walk into the building.- a stranger was seen to walk into the building. 6 主動語態(tài)表示被動意義的詞（！ ）感官動詞和系動詞如：look smell feel pr

14、ove wear sound taste the cloth feels very soft , i like it very much (2)某些行為動詞也可表示被動意義。常見的有：wash write sell read open shut keep 。例如：1.that kind of dress washes well. 2.this type of computer sells well among teenagers. 3.the novel reads well.it is suitable for children. (3) want, need ,require,take,w

15、orth等詞的后面可以用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。例如：1.she bought me a book,which is woeth reading. 2.all the windows in the meeting room need washing. (4).某些作表語的形容詞后，用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例如：1.she told me that the fish was not fit to eat. 2.he is the one who is hard to please. 7.不 及 物 動 詞 或 其 構(gòu) 成 的 一 些 短 語 動 詞 不 能 用 于 被 動 語 態(tài)

16、。 例 如 ：appear,rise,happen,lie,arrive,exist,belong to,take place,set sail for,consist of 等都屬于此類動詞或短語。例如：1.six members consist of the committee. 2.you shouldn t take what doesn t belong to you. 3.i happened to see my professor in the supermarket yesterday. 8.表示狀態(tài)的動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。英語中有些動詞表示某種狀態(tài)或情況，這類動詞不能用于被動

17、語態(tài)。常見的有：fit,mean,have,hold,cost,contain,become,last,fail 等。例如：1.the flat cost him around one million rmb. 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁，共 9 頁 - - - - - - - - -2.this book contains all the phrases you have learnt. 第三部分：語法專項練習1._ a new library _ in our school last year? a. is; buil

18、t b. was; built c. does; build d. did; build 2.an accident _ on this road last week. a. has been happened b. was happened c. is happened d. happened 3.cotton _ in the southeast of china. a. is grown b. are grown c. grows d. grow 4.so far, the moon _ by man already. a. is visited b. will be visited c

19、. has been visited d. was visited 5.a talk on chinese history _ in the school hall next week. a. is given b. has been given c. will be given d. gives 6.a lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. a. are doing b. are being done c. has been done d. will be done 7.the doctor _ for yet. a.

20、isnt sent b. hasnt been sent c. wont be sent d. wasnt sent 8.-when _ this kind of computers_? -last year. a. did; use b. was; used c. is; used d. are; used 9.who _ this book _? a. did; written b. was; written by c. did; written d. was; written 10.mary _ show me her new dictionary. a. has asked to b.

21、 was asked to c. is asked d. asks to 11.a story _ by granny yesterday. a. was told us b. was told to us c. is told us d. told us 12.the monkey was seen _ off the tree. a. jump b. jumps c. jumped d. to jump 13.older people _ well. a. looks after b. must be looked after c. must look after d. looked af

22、ter 14.our teacher _ carefully. 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁，共 9 頁 - - - - - - - - -a. should be listened to b. should be listen c. be listened d. is listened 15. in some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. a. is serving b. is served c. serves d. served 16. it was repo

23、rted that the murderer _ arrested. a. has been b. had been c. has d. had 17. do you think that the bridge _ in a year? a. would be completed b. will be completed c. had been completed d. is being completed 18. great changes _ in china since the peoples republic of china _ in 1949.a. have taken place

24、; was founded b. has taken place; was founded c. have been taken place; founded d. took place; founded 19.why does ling ling look so unhappy? she has _ by her classmates. a. laughed b. laughed at c. been laughed d. been laughed at 20. doctors _ in every part of the world. a. need b. are needing c. a

25、re needed d. will need 21. i promise that matter will _. a. be taken care b. be taken care of c. take care d. take care of 22. no permission has _ for anybody to enter the building. a. been given b. given c. to give d. be given 23. i _ ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer. a. gave

26、 b. was given c. was giving d. had given 24. can such a thing _ happening again? a. prevent from b. prevented from c. be prevented from d. to prevent from 25. a new house _ at the corner of the road. a. is building b. is being built c. been built d. be building 26. this bike _ last year. a. bought b

27、. has been bought c. was bought d. had been bought 27. did you see the house that _ by fire last year? 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁，共 9 頁 - - - - - - - - -a. was destroying b. destroyed c. would destroy d. was destroyed 28. it _ whether she will get her work in the hospital. a.

28、hasn t been decidedb. isnt decidingc. doesn t decide d. hasn t decided29. the pen _ me. it is hers. a. isnt belong to b. wasn t belong to c. doesn t belong to d. didn t belong to 30. i can t use my bike because it _.a. is repairing b. is being repaired c. will repair d. was repairing 31. the chairma

29、n told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _. a. was expected; heard b. had expected; hear c had hoped; hear d. was hoped; heard 32 the window is dirty. i know. it _ for weeks. （2004全國 03）a. hasn t cleaned b. didnt clean c. wasn t cleaned d. hasn t been cleaned33. b

30、y the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in beijing. a. would be completed b. was being completed c. has been completed d. had been completed 34.how long _ at this job? since 1990. (nmet 2003 北京春季 , 27) a. were you employed b. have you been employed c. had you been employed d. will you be emp

31、loyed 35.what happened to the priceless works of art? _. (nmet 2003 北京春季 , 34) a. they were destroyed in the earthquake b. the earthquake was destroying them c. they destroyed in the earthquake d. the earthquake destroyed them 36. this is teds photo. we miss him a lot. he _ trying to save a child in

32、 the earthquake. a. killed b is killed c. was killed d. was killing 37. rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the 精品學習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 頁，共 9 頁 - - - - - - - - -earth in the near future. (2002 上海春季 , 30) a. cut b. are cut c. are being cut d. h

33、ad been cut 38. selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. a. is changing b. has changed c. will have changed d. will change 39. hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (nmet 2001 北京春季 , 12) a. lose b. will be lost c. are lost d. will lose 40. a new cinema _ here. they hope to finish it next month. a. will be built b. is built c. has been built d .is being built 41.with the help of high technology,more and more new substanc