虛擬語氣復(fù)習(xí)專題

1、虛擬語氣復(fù)習(xí)專題一、考點聚焦1、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用過去式(be動詞的過去式用 were) ”,而主句中的謂語動詞用 "would / should/ could / might +動詞原形”。 如：if i were a boy, i would join the army.if the had time, she should go with you.(2)表示與過去的事實相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時，主句中的謂 語動詞則用 "would / should / might / could +

2、have + 過去分詞”。如：if he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.(3)表示與將來事實相反，條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞一般過去時或should(were to)+動詞原形，而主句中的謂語動詞則用would / should/could might +動詞原形。如；if it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.(4)當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作相應(yīng)

3、調(diào)整。如：if they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn) 在)以下表格是虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句中時，主句和從句謂語動詞的形式:條件狀語從句主句與過去事 實相反had +過去分詞should /would/could/might + have +過去分詞與現(xiàn)在事 實相反一般過去時(be用were)would/should/could/might +動詞原形與將來事 實相反一般過去時或should(were to) + 動詞原形would/should/cold/might+動詞原形有時侯在使用時可省略if, 句

4、子則可換成下列形式， 即 “were/ had / should +主語 ”。 如：were i a boy, i would join the army.had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.were it not for the expense, i would go to britain.if it were not for 與現(xiàn)在事實相反，if it had not been for與過去事實相反，兩個都相當(dāng)于but for/without ：if it had not been for his help(=but for/wi

5、thout his help),we would not have succ eeded.介詞或介詞短語，如 but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable c ondition 等。the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=if there had n tbeen the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.a. in spite of b.

6、 but for c. because of d. as for 答案選b。but that she was afraid, she would have said no.2、虛擬語氣在wish 之后的使用( 1 )虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的運用?！皐ish +賓語從句”表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為 要是就好了 ”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望， 從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時； 表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望， 從句中的謂語動詞用 “would/could + 動詞原形” ；表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用“ had+過去分詞 ”或 “could(should) + have + 過去分詞 ”。如： i

7、 wish it were spring all the year round.i wish i had known the answer. i wish i could fly like a bird.3、虛擬語氣在as if/as though 之后的使用( 1 )虛擬語氣在 as if/as though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中，如果從句表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時；指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過去時；指將來狀況則用過去將來could/would do 時。如： he did it as if he were an expert.even if she were here, she c

8、ould not solve the problem.4、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句之后的使用一個堅持 :insist 兩個命令 :order command 三個建議 : suggest advise propose 四個要 求:demand ask require request 等,在這些表示建議、要求、命令等的動詞結(jié)合的名詞性從 句中都使用虛擬語氣, 從句中的謂語動詞用 “( should ) + 動詞原形 ” 。如 :主語從句it osrdered that allthe soldiers (should) be prepared for the battle賓語從句the general

9、 orderedthat all the soldiers (should) be prepared for the battle表語從句the order from thegeneral is that all the soldiers (should) be prepared forthe battle同位語從句the order that all the soldiers (should) be prepared for the battle is from the general5、虛擬語氣在其它名詞性從句之后的使用在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣用“ (should) + 動詞原形

10、” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等。如：it is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.) that we should clean the room every day.it was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.it will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she shoul d finish her homework this

11、 afternoon.注意：這種從句表示的是事實。如果說人對這種事實表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感， that 從句也可用陳述句語氣。如： it is pity that you can st wim.6、虛擬語氣在定詞性從句之后的使用這種從句常用于句型“it is (high,about,right)time (that)”中，定語從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時(be用were)或should +動詞原形，意思是“現(xiàn)在)該"。如：it ' sme that ipicked up my daughter.it hsigh time we were g

12、oing. it is right time that we should go.7、虛擬語氣用在if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。遺憾過去的事情, 謂語動詞應(yīng)該為 had done 遺憾現(xiàn)在的事情, 謂語動詞應(yīng)該為did/ were遺憾將來的事情, 謂語動詞應(yīng)該為 could./would do如： if only i were a bird.if only i had taken his advice.8、虛擬語氣用在would rather 引導(dǎo)的從句中。(3)would (had) rather, 和 would prefer 所引起的從句中要求用過去式表示當(dāng)時或?qū)淼那闆r，用過去完成時

13、表示過去的情況，表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備。例如：i drather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。i would prefer he didn sttay there too long. 我倒希望他不要在那兒可得太久。i would rather you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了9、虛擬語氣用在even if 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。在帶有 even if/ even though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中， 主句和從句都用 虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的

14、虛擬語氣相同。如 : even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 即使生了病， 他倆去 辦公室。10、混合虛擬語氣有時主句和從句的謂語動詞指不同的時間，這時需要用混合虛擬語氣。一般來說，在這種情況下， 主從句謂語動詞指代的時間不同， 所以我們又可以錯綜時間條件句， 在這種 虛擬情況， 動詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)實際情況靈活使用， 在做這些題目時候尤其要注意每道題目的提示語： 時間狀語。 絕大多數(shù)情況下， 從句或者主句都有相關(guān)的時間狀語， 這是我解題的關(guān)鍵。if you that late movie last night, you w

15、ouldn bt e so sleepy.a. haven wt atchedb. didn wt atchc. hadn wt atchedd. wouldn ht ave watched答案選 c 。many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something.had paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman no w.混合虛擬語氣還有一種情況就是事實和虛擬假設(shè)的混合句，這樣的句子不僅

16、僅是時間的不同，而重要是事實和假設(shè)的混合。i would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but i was fully occupied the whole of last week.該句前半部分是假設(shè)虛擬，而后半部分是事實的陳述。your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination ha d you gone and explained that your parents were ill

17、 at the time.該句前半句用的是假設(shè)虛擬，后半句主句也用的是假設(shè)虛擬（如果你去并且解釋的話），但是后半句的從句用的是事實語氣，因為 “父母病了 ”是客觀事實，故不需要用虛擬形 式 had been。11、含蓄虛擬條件句（ 1 ）介詞或介詞短語，如 but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorabl e condition 等。the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=if there hadn bt een the leade

18、rship of the party, we could not be living a happy today.a. in spite of b. but for c. because of d. as for 答案選 b 。but that she was afraid, she would have said no.（2）連詞，如： so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided（倘若）,for fear that（唯恐），in order that, on condition that, if only（要是就好了）等。she l

19、istened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if sh e listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted.if only i had more money, i could buy a car.（注：lest, for fear that和in case引起的從句中謂語動詞多用should+動詞原形，但可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動詞的陳述語氣形式。 ） 例如：the foreign teacher spoke slo

20、wly in case we misunderstood him. 這位外籍教師說 得很慢以免我們聽不懂。care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur. 在使用此法時要小心謹(jǐn)慎，以免會發(fā)生溢流現(xiàn)象。3 ） 通過上下文及內(nèi)在含義， 句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately 等類似轉(zhuǎn)折詞。i thought the children whenwe returned home, but they were still awake.sleeping c. had beensleeping

21、 d. would sleep 選a. were sleeping b. would be 擇 b。、精典名題導(dǎo)解1. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken解析：答案為 co本題考查的是as if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中的語氣問題，as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句如果與事實一致，不用虛擬語氣，如果與事實相反，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。題中 “當(dāng)鉛 筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了 ” 。而實際上鉛筆并未斷，與

22、事實相反，前半部 分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時，因而本句是對一般現(xiàn)在時的虛擬，用 were broken 。2. i didn stee your sister at the meeting. if she , she would have metmy brother. a. has come b. did come c. came d. had come解析：答案為d 。本題考查的是if 條件句中的虛擬語氣。題意是：我在會議上沒看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒來。 因此如果 “她來了 ”與事實相反， 前面一句交代了虛擬語氣的時態(tài)是 一般過去時的虛擬，所以 if從句中用had+過去分詞。3. if he , he

23、 that food. luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediately.a. was warned; would not take b. had been warned; would not have takenc. would be warned; had not taken d. would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案為b 。本題考查的是條件狀語從句與主句表示與事實相反時虛擬語氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語境可知，他事先并沒有得到警告，表示過去時間的虛擬語氣，故選 b 。預(yù)備練習(xí)（把音樂關(guān)掉）.1. th

24、e guest recommended2. i hope （我能像鳥一樣）.3. if he had known this news earlier, he _(不會做出這樣的傻事 ).4. your advice that _(我們好好休息一下) is accepted by us a11.5. the commander gave an order that all the soldiers_ (準(zhǔn)備打下一次戰(zhàn)役 ).6. it is necessary that every student (有一本英英詞典).7. you can borrow my bike if you _(今天能還

25、給我).8. without your timely help, i _(無法獨自完成任務(wù)).9. if only i _ (是個百萬富翁).10. john insisted that we (再試一次 ).動詞填空 fill in the blanks with the correct form of each word given in the bracket s.1. it is important that we(learn) something about computer.2. it was a pity that you(be) so careless in the test.

26、3. he speaks english so fluently as if he(study) english in england.4. we all agreed to his suggestion that we(make) a study team to study more efficiently.5. if you(take) my advice, you wouldn ht ave failed in the history examination.6. it will be desired that she(finish) her homework this afternoo

27、n.7. the doctor ordered that the patient(stay) in bed for a few days.8. you(arrive) at the hotel earlier, you would have seen him.9. may you(be) happy!10. it is high time we(leave) now.11. never in my life i (hear) such a thing.12. if you had worked very hard this morning, you(be) tired now.13. if y

28、ou (come) the day after tomorrow, we would have the meeting.14. (be) it not for the high expense, i would fly to the united states to spend my holiday.15. i drather that you(learn )the news before i tell you.單項選擇練習(xí)1. they insisted that you them a quick and definite answer.a. should give b. will give

29、 c. must give d. would give2. i insisted that i the book to him, but he just wuoldn bt elieve me.a. should return b. had returned c. will return d. was returning3. you to my birthday party yesterday as you had promised, but what was the reason for your absence?a. have come b. came c. should have com

30、e d. had come4. there was plenty of time, you.a. mustn htave hurriedb. couldn t have hurriedc. needn htave hurriedd. wouldn ht ave hurried5. professor li didn ctome yesterday, or i chance to discuss the problemwith him.a. would have b. were to have c. might have had d. had had6. the rich man acts as

31、 if he everything in the world.a. knew b. know c. will knowd. had know7. the old man suggested that the plan.a. will be passed b. must be passed c. not be passed c. pass8. the young girl insisted that she to the young man she loved.a. would be engaged b. be engaged to c. should engage d. must be eng

32、aged9. have you been to the national gallery? no, but i really wish i.a. willb. didc. haved. had10. , we would still be leading a hard life.a. have we not found a new job b. had we not found a high-paid jobc. since we have found a new job d. if we haven ftond a high -paid job11. , he would have pass

33、ed the entrance examination.a. had he worked harderb. if he was working hardc. if he has been working harder d. if he worked harder12. the man died of heart attack jus now. if he to the hospital half an hourearlier, the doctor might have saved his life.a. was sentb. has been sent c. had been sent d.

34、 had sent13. what would you do if the war?a. will break out b. were to break out c. would break out d. is broken out14. the shopkeeper moved to another city last year, otherwise be in our neighborhood.a. will still work b. should still work c. would have worked d. would still beworking15. if it so h

35、ard, he would go to buy some fruit in the supermarket.a. weren rtaining b. isn rtaining c. doesn rtain d. isn gtoing to rain16. without your help, our project already.a. would have failed b. wouldn ftail c. wouldn ht ave failed d. has failed17. for the clouds, you would find the balloons in the sky

36、easily.a. if it hadn bt een b. if it was not c. were it not d. had it not been18. the kid talks in public about his dream as if he a grown-up.a. was b. werec. had been d. is19. she was ill in bed that day, otherwise she the first prize.a. would win b. had won c. should win d. would have won20. the s

37、tudents couldn wtork out the problem if he unit 3.a. hadn sttudied b. didn sttudy c. wouldn sttudy d. hasn sttudied21. it is about time we home.a. go b. have gone c. went d. would go22. father me a present for my birthday, but he was short of money at the time.a. would buy b. had bought c. would hav

38、e bought d. bought23. he made a proposal that a meeting to discuss the problem.a. be held b. should hold c. will be held d. was held24. mother didn gtive a reply, which suggested that she to the child idsea.a. agree b. agreed c. agrees d. will agree25. it is natural that children with mother.a. be s

39、tayed b. stayed c. stay d. will stay26. i to stay here for about a month, but i changed my mind.a. had hoped b. would have hoped c. must hope d. hoped27. he went to listen to the lecture at last because he nothing about the lecturewithout attending it.a. would know b. would have known c. didn ktnow

40、d. knew28. he got up earlier than before so that he the early bus that time.a. would have caught b. caught c. should catch d. might catch29. the engineer come, the machine would get repaired.a. would b. willc. should d. had30. i the task already if i had had enough time.a. would have finished b. wou

41、ld finish c. had finished d. should finish31. i saw betty in the library yesterday. you her, she is still in hospital.a. mustn htave seenb. could not seec.can htave seend. must not see32. hardly his speech whenhesaw the audiencerise as one.a. had he finishedb. did he finishc.he finished d.he had fin

42、ished33. the friendship between our two people last forever!a. could b. may c. would d. must34. if i him tomorrow, i will invite him home.a. should see b. will see c. would see d. see35. if we enough rain, we cold have gained a good harvest.a. had had b. had c. have had d. have36. were i ten years y

43、ounger, i all over again.a. will start b. would start c. have started d. will have startedy.37. it asbout time we a good discussion about what you have done recentla. should have b. have c. have had d. will have38. the article suggests that vitamin c very important for our health.a. should be b. wil

44、l be c. is d. was39. i drather we a rest right now.a. haveb. hadc. have hadd. had had40. if he the doctor adsvice, he quite all right now.a. followed; would be b. had followed; would bec. had followed, would have been d. has followed; will be41. you his parents. they have already known about it.a. n

45、eedn htave told b. don ht ave toldc. wouldn htave told d. ought to have told42. it is very important that one a foreign language.a. mastered b. has mastered c. should master d. to master43. are there going to be many guests at your party today? we hope that.a. there will be b. there are going c. the

46、re are d. there going to be44. barbara sat in the front seat on the left side of the classroom. oh! i thought she in the back.a. is sitting b. had sat c. will sit d. sat45. it is strange that he back at this time.a. will come b. should have come c. would come d. had come45. if only i my keys!a. hadn

47、 ltost b. woul dn ltose c. would come d. had come46. if only i my keys!a. hadn ltost b. wouldn ltose c. haven lot st d. didn lot se47. but for water, it impossible to live in the desert.a. is b. were c. would be d. will be48. i wish he such a bad toothache because i msure that you would haveenjoyed

48、the concert.d. hadn ta. didn htave b. hadn htave c. hadn htad49. he is always talking about life abroad as if he abroad.a. had been b. has been c. been d. was50. the professor demanded that the homework before next friday.a. must be handed in b. would be handed in c. be handed in d. must be han ded

49、in真題自測1. where is my pen? i it.a. might lose b. would have lost c. should have lost d. must have lost2. he you more help, even though he was very busy.a. might have given b. might give c. may have given d. may give3. we last night, but we went to the concert instead.a. must have studied b. might stu

50、dy c. should have studied d. would study4. tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.a. have told b. tell c. be telling d. having told5. i told sally how to get here, but perhaps i for her.a. had to write it out b. must have written it outc. should have written it out d. ought to write i

51、t out6. there were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as we ll. it a comfortable journey.a. can bte b. shouldn bet c. mustn htave been d. couldn htave been7. you didn let t me drive. if we in turn, you so tired.a. drove; didn gtetb. drove; wouldn gt etc. were driving; wouldn

52、gt et d. had driven; wouldn ht ave got8. alice, why didn ytou come yesterday? i , but i had an unexpectedvisitor.a.hadb. wouldc. was goingto d. did9.bara.i stayed at a hotelwhile in newyork. oh, did you? youwith bara. could have stayed b. could stay c.10. i was really anxious about you. you_a. mustn

53、 lteave b. shouldn hat ve left11. i wish i you yesterday.a. seen b. did see c. had seen12. without electricity human lifea. is b. will be c. would have13. sorry, i mlate. i have turnedp again.would stay d. must have stayed home without a word.c. couldn htave left d. needn let aved. wer to seequite d

54、ifficult today.been d. would beoff the alarm clock and gone back to sleed. willa. might b. should c. can14. she was thankful that she hdad her baby in hospital; otherwise, she thought,the baby .a. died b. had died c. might have died d. might die15. you all those calculations! we have a computer to d

55、o that sort of thing.a. needn htave done b. shouldn htave done c. must not have done d. cannot have done16. the room is in terrible mess; it cleaned.a. can htave been b. shouldn htave been c. mustn htave been d. wouldn ht ave been虛擬語氣講解虛擬語氣第一部分：語氣的定義和種類1語氣（mood）語氣是動詞的一種形式，表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。2 語氣的種類

56、、 陳述語氣： 表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、 確定的或符合事實的， 用于陳 述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如： there are two sides to every question.每個問題都有兩 個方面。were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙嗎？ how good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老師??！、祈使語氣：表示說話人對對方的請求或命令。如： never be late again!再也不 要遲到了。 don t forget to turn off the light. 別忘了關(guān)燈。、虛擬語氣：表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè) 或推測等。如：if i were a bird, i could fl