高三句型講課講義

1、高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義句子成分句子成分&基本句型基本句型 句子成分句子成分在句子中起著不同語(yǔ)法作用的部分，叫做句子成分。句子成分有9種：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、詞、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)。高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義 1、主語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)（subjectsubject）：）：表示句子描述的是“誰(shuí)”或“什么”，通常是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行,主語(yǔ)通常由 The students worked very hardThe students worked very hardThey are from America.They a

2、re from America.80% of the students in our class 80% of the students in our class are girls.are girls.To learn English is very difficult To learn English is very difficult for us.=It is difficult for us to learn for us.=It is difficult for us to learn English.English.Swimming in the lake is dangerou

3、s.Swimming in the lake is dangerous.What he said is true.What he said is true.名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、或主語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)任?；蛑髡Z(yǔ)從句擔(dān)任。 高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義2.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或具有的狀態(tài)與特征，：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或具有的狀態(tài)與特征，由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句一般只能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)謂由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句一般只能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。構(gòu)成形式如下：構(gòu)成形式如下：1）簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：）簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：She practices speaking E

4、nglish every day.The woman takes good care of the baby.I have got rid of smoking.2）復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)形式）復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)形式(1)：You may go now.He has caught a bad cold.We are going to visit the old town tomorrow. (2)： It will be wasted.由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義3 3

5、、賓語(yǔ)：、賓語(yǔ)：表示動(dòng)作承受的對(duì)象，賓語(yǔ)由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。分為： 找出下列句子中的賓語(yǔ)He bought a new car.The heavy snow prevented her from going to school.She enjoys listening to music.I dont know how to get there.I think that he is old enough to join the army.動(dòng)賓動(dòng)賓&介賓介賓高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義4、賓補(bǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有少數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞,或介詞后除了接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)外，還必須有一個(gè)

6、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，這樣才能使句子的意義完整.可充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）和分詞（短語(yǔ)）。找出其中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)The boss made us work 14 hours every day.We found the dog lying on the ground.We painted our house white.We found him killed the next morning You shouldnt leave the classroom with the door open.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義5.表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)是在連系動(dòng)詞之

7、后表示主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)、特征、是在連系動(dòng)詞之后表示主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)或身份的部分。表語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞、狀態(tài)或身份的部分。表語(yǔ)通常由名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)以及動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)以及動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞或表語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)任。名詞、分詞或表語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)任。 如：The football match is on.（副詞）All the pupils are on the playground.（介詞短語(yǔ)）He seemed surprised at the new.（分詞）The key question is how we should solve the problem.（從句

8、）高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一： + （主謂）（主謂）基本句型二：基本句型二： + + （主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三： + + （主謂賓）（主謂賓）基本句型四：基本句型四： + +O1 +2（主謂（主謂間賓直賓）間賓直賓）基本句型五：基本句型五： + + +（主謂賓（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）賓補(bǔ)） s: subject v: verb P: predicative o: object (indirect) c: complement基本句型一：基本句型一： 高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義該句型無(wú)被動(dòng) 系動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)：

9、系動(dòng)詞分類(lèi)：1 1）變化系動(dòng)詞：）變化系動(dòng)詞：例：例：She becomes a lawyer.She becomes a lawyer. The eggs went bad. The eggs went bad.2 2）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞： 例：例：He always kept silent at meeting.He always kept silent at meeting.3 3）感官系動(dòng)詞：）感官系動(dòng)詞：例：例：The milk tastes sour.The milk tastes sour. The cloth feels soft. The cloth feels sof

10、t.4 4）終止性系動(dòng)詞：）終止性系動(dòng)詞：例：例：His plan turned out a success.His plan turned out a success.turn, become, grow, fall, get, turn, become, grow, fall, get, go, come, rungo, come, run等等be, seem, remain, stay, be, seem, remain, stay, stand, keepstand, keep等等f(wàn)eel, smell, sound, taste, feel, smell, sound, taste,

11、 look, appearlook, appear等等prove, turn outprove, turn out等等高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義補(bǔ)充： there be 句型。be還可換為stand, stand, lie, exit, seem, happen, appear, lie, exit, seem, happen, appear, live, remainlive, remain等等There is some water on the surface of the desk.There is some one singing a beautiful song.高三句型講課講

12、義高三句型講課講義Spring comes and all trees turn green.He stayed awake all night.You dont look happy, whats the matter?Their plan sounds wonderful.Who will take charge of the company is unknown.What made me annoyed was that he didnt turn up on time.練習(xí)一練習(xí)一 劃分以下句子成分劃分以下句子成分高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習(xí)二練習(xí)二作文句式再現(xiàn)作文句式再現(xiàn)1.

13、1.勤奮工作是成功的關(guān)鍵。勤奮工作是成功的關(guān)鍵。2.2.快餐食品遠(yuǎn)不令人滿意?？觳褪称愤h(yuǎn)不令人滿意。3.3.他們覺(jué)得眩暈乏力。他們覺(jué)得眩暈乏力。4.4.其他學(xué)生反對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。（其他學(xué)生反對(duì)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。（againstagainst）5.5.它是釋放壓力的有用方法它是釋放壓力的有用方法. .6.6.有部分學(xué)生贊同這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)（有部分學(xué)生贊同這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)（agree）。）。 基本句型二：基本句型二： + （主謂）（主謂）高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義2. + （主謂）（主謂）eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died. We all breathe

14、, drink and eat. We students should study hard. 這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞練習(xí)一練習(xí)一劃分以下句子成分劃分以下句子成分 注：注：1.We walked for five miles.2.This box weighs five kilometers.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義3.They will be flying to London. 4.He kept trying until dark.5.Whether we will have a picnicdepends on the weather.6

15、.Making informed decisions in time counts.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習(xí)二練習(xí)二作文句式再現(xiàn)作文句式再現(xiàn)1.1.綿陽(yáng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。綿陽(yáng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化。2.2.我們不應(yīng)該熬夜太晚。我們不應(yīng)該熬夜太晚。3.3.學(xué)生們可以快樂(lè)地生活和學(xué)習(xí)。學(xué)生們可以快樂(lè)地生活和學(xué)習(xí)。4.4.面對(duì)失敗，他們決不放棄。面對(duì)失敗，他們決不放棄。5.5.怎么合理地安排時(shí)間更重要。（怎么合理地安排時(shí)間更重要。（countcount）基本句型三：基本句型三： + +O （主謂（主謂+賓）賓）高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義主謂主謂+ +賓賓 這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物這

16、種結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞，后面只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)。 She is reading a novel. You may have seen each other. She prefers to stay at home. Leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity.What they did influenced our environment badly.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習(xí)一練習(xí)一 劃分以下句子成分劃分以下句子成分1.This factory makes machine tools. 2.M

17、ary has ordered a new dress. 3.I have had my lunch.4.Doing exercise every day benefits you a lot.5.Whatever you say now cant make up for what you have done.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習(xí)二練習(xí)二作文句式再現(xiàn)作文句式再現(xiàn)1.老師和家長(zhǎng)持有不同觀點(diǎn)。老師和家長(zhǎng)持有不同觀點(diǎn)。2.養(yǎng)寵物有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。養(yǎng)寵物有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。3.其他人反對(duì)網(wǎng)購(gòu)。（其他人反對(duì)網(wǎng)購(gòu)。（object）4。經(jīng)營(yíng)博客將花費(fèi)許多時(shí)間和精力。經(jīng)營(yíng)博客將花費(fèi)許多時(shí)間和精力。5.我們應(yīng)

18、當(dāng)通過(guò)法律去保護(hù)有限的水資源。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)法律去保護(hù)有限的水資源?；揪湫退模夯揪湫退模?+ +O + O （主謂（主謂+間賓間賓+直賓）直賓）21高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義主主+ +謂謂+ +直賓直賓+ +間賓間賓 謂語(yǔ)為雙賓及物動(dòng)詞，其后需跟間接賓語(yǔ)（通常指人）和直接賓語(yǔ) 通常指物或事）。 常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有allow,assign,award,bring,buy,cause, allow,assign,award,bring,buy,cause, choose, fetch, find, get, give, grant, hand, choose, fetch, find

19、, get, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promiseleave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promise, read, recommend, refuse, render, return, sell, read, recommend, refuse, render, return, sell, send, show, sing, take, telephone, touch, tell, send, show, sing, take, telephon

20、e, touch, tell, throw, wish, write throw, wish, write 等等 例：例：I gave him the book. Ill return you the dictionary soon. 注注：有時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)可移至直接賓語(yǔ)之后，但要加有時(shí)間接賓語(yǔ)可移至直接賓語(yǔ)之后，但要加相應(yīng)的介詞如相應(yīng)的介詞如 “toto”，“forfor”，“ofof” 等等高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義例：例：Betty gave her daughter an apple.Betty gave her daughter an apple.Betty gave an app

21、le to her daughter.Betty gave an apple to her daughter.Father bought him a bike.Father bought him a bike.Father bought a bike for him.Father bought a bike for him.Please pass me the cake.Please pass me the cake.Please pass the cake to me.Please pass the cake to me.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習(xí)一練習(xí)一 劃分以下句子成分劃分以下

22、句子成分1.My father bought me an Mp4.Kate made two cards for her teacher= She sells the shoes to customers=My father bought an Mp4 for me.4.I will write you a letter when I arrive home.=I will write a letter to you when I arrive home2.She sells customers the shoes. 3.Kate made her teacher two cards.=高三句

23、型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習(xí)二練習(xí)二作文句式再現(xiàn)作文句式再現(xiàn)1.我向你推薦我自己。我向你推薦我自己。2.這個(gè)節(jié)目告訴我們奧運(yùn)冠軍的這個(gè)節(jié)目告訴我們奧運(yùn)冠軍的 成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷。成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷。（Olympic championships）3.他們給予了我們無(wú)私的幫助。他們給予了我們無(wú)私的幫助。4.父母僅僅給子女錢(qián)去買(mǎi)早餐。父母僅僅給子女錢(qián)去買(mǎi)早餐。高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義 I recommend myself to you. The program tells us the growing experience of the Olympic championships. They give us

24、unselfish help. Parents just give their children money to buy breakfast.基本句型三：基本句型三： + +O+C （主謂（主謂+賓賓+賓補(bǔ)）賓補(bǔ)）高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義主謂主謂+ +賓賓+ +賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 該句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖有賓語(yǔ)，該句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖有賓語(yǔ)，但句子意義仍不完整，需加補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足其意義。但句子意義仍不完整，需加補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)足其意義。充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的有充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)及分詞等不定式短語(yǔ)及分詞等例：例：We call him a fool. W

25、e found the house empty. Our neighbors built their wall high. We believe you to be an honest man. I heard them singing in the classroom. 補(bǔ)充：常見(jiàn)的帶賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞類(lèi)型有高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義1.使役動(dòng)詞有：使役動(dòng)詞有：例：例：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.What would you have me do? W

26、hat would you have me do? He made the boy working day and night.He made the boy working day and night.2.感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞have, want, make, get, leave,let等。等。see, notice, observe, watch, hear,feel, find 例：例：I saw the child playing basketball when I saw the child playing basketball when I passed the school. I

27、passed the school. I often see him play football.I often see him play football. 3.其他一些動(dòng)詞如：其他一些動(dòng)詞如：consider, regard, advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite 等例：We dont allow such things to happen again.高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義練習(xí)一練習(xí)一 劃分以下句子成分劃分以下句子成分He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. Please r

28、emind me to leave her this noteLet him do whatever he wishes to do.I heard someone screaming just now.I feel it an honor to be invited here.比較比較高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義1.He didnt tell me where he was. He told me to stay at home.2.Can you lend me some money? We made him monitor. 3. A friendly waiter taught m

29、e a few words of Italian We call him Lao Li . 結(jié)論：結(jié)論：雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別高三句型講課講義高三句型講課講義1.從成分上看：在雙賓語(yǔ)中，能充當(dāng)從成分上看：在雙賓語(yǔ)中，能充當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)或是直接賓語(yǔ)的一般是名間接賓語(yǔ)或是直接賓語(yǔ)的一般是名詞或代詞等名詞性成分。而在復(fù)合詞或代詞等名詞性成分。而在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，能充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)成分的賓語(yǔ)中，能充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)成分的則較多，如名詞、形容詞、副詞、則較多，如名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）和介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）和分詞（短語(yǔ)）。分詞（短語(yǔ)）。例：例：She showed us a new TV set.雙賓語(yǔ)）雙賓語(yǔ)）