外文翻譯--液壓在社會(huì)上的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展方向.doc

液壓在社會(huì)上的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展方向電液比例技術(shù)是在電液伺服技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，針對(duì)用戶需要，降低控制特性，對(duì)液壓伺服閥進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化而發(fā)展起來的。爾后，比例電磁鐵技術(shù)的發(fā)展，又在三類閥基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展液壓比例閥。由電液伺服比例元件為主而組成的電液伺服比例控制系統(tǒng)，具有響應(yīng)快、功率比（功率與重量比）大、自動(dòng)化控制程度高等顯著特點(diǎn)，因此在大慣量，要求快響應(yīng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制的機(jī)床、冶金、礦山、石化、電化、船舶、軍工、建筑、起重、運(yùn)輸?shù)戎鳈C(jī)產(chǎn)品中有廣闊應(yīng)用前景，是這些主機(jī)重要的一種控制手段。在工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，由電液伺服閥、電液比例閥，以及配用的專用電子控制器和相應(yīng)的液壓元件，組合集成電流伺服比例控制系統(tǒng)的相互支撐發(fā)展，已綜合形成液壓工程技術(shù)，它的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展被認(rèn)為是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家工業(yè)水平和現(xiàn)代工業(yè)發(fā)展立玉的重要標(biāo)志，是液壓工工業(yè)又一個(gè)新的技術(shù)熱點(diǎn)和增長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)。在我國(guó)同樣有一大批主機(jī)產(chǎn)品的發(fā)展，需要應(yīng)用該項(xiàng)技術(shù)，因此，將其列為促進(jìn)我國(guó)液壓工業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。內(nèi)外發(fā)展趨勢(shì)國(guó)外近年來，電液伺服比例技術(shù)的發(fā)展，較集中地反映在其相關(guān)的主要基礎(chǔ)元件的改進(jìn)和發(fā)展上，主要包括:電液伺服閥向著簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)、降低制造成本、提高抗污染能力和高可靠性方向發(fā)展，研究開發(fā)了大功率永磁直線力馬達(dá)，形成了新型的直接驅(qū)動(dòng)式伺服閥產(chǎn)品系列；電液比例閥向通用化、模塊化、組全化、集成化方向發(fā)展，以實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)，降低制造成本；電子控制器向著專用集成電路方向發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)小型化、組合化，并達(dá)到高可靠性目的。電流伺服比例技術(shù)的這些主要基礎(chǔ)元件的相互銜接愈來愈密切，另部件通用化程度不斷提高。我國(guó)電液伺服技術(shù)始于上世紀(jì)六十年代，到七十年代有了實(shí)際應(yīng)用產(chǎn)品，目前約有年產(chǎn)能力2000臺(tái)；電液比例技術(shù)到七十年代中期開始發(fā)展，現(xiàn)有幾十種品種、規(guī)格的產(chǎn)品，約形成有年產(chǎn)能力5000臺(tái)?？偟目?，我國(guó)電液伺服比例技術(shù)與國(guó)際水平比有較大差距，主要表現(xiàn)在：缺乏主導(dǎo)系列產(chǎn)品，現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品型號(hào)規(guī)格雜亂，品種規(guī)格不全，并缺乏足夠的工業(yè)性試驗(yàn)研究，性能水平較低，質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定，可靠性較差，以及存在二次配套件的問題等，都有礙于該項(xiàng)技術(shù)進(jìn)一步地?cái)U(kuò)大應(yīng)用，急待盡快提高。液壓傳動(dòng)和控制由于應(yīng)用了電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、信息技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)及新工藝、新材料等后取得了新的發(fā)展,使液壓系統(tǒng)和元件在技術(shù)水平上有很大提高.本文從液壓現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)、自動(dòng)化控制軟件技術(shù)、水壓元件及系統(tǒng)、液壓節(jié)能技術(shù)等方面介紹液壓技術(shù)創(chuàng)新及發(fā)展趨勢(shì).指出液壓傳動(dòng)向自動(dòng)化、高精度、高效率、高速化、高功率、小型化、輕量化方向發(fā)展,是不斷提高它與電傳動(dòng)、機(jī)械傳動(dòng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力的關(guān)鍵.機(jī)械自動(dòng)化，主要指在機(jī)械制造業(yè)中應(yīng)用自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)加工對(duì)象的連續(xù)自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)化有效的自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)過程，加快生產(chǎn)投入物的加工變換和流動(dòng)速度。機(jī)械自動(dòng)化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展，是機(jī)械制造業(yè)技術(shù)改造、技術(shù)進(jìn)步的主要手段和技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要方向。機(jī)械自動(dòng)化的技術(shù)水準(zhǔn)，不僅影響整個(gè)機(jī)械制造業(yè)的發(fā)展，而且對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各部門的技術(shù)進(jìn)步有很大的直接影響。因此，發(fā)展我國(guó)的機(jī)械制造業(yè)自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，符合我國(guó)社會(huì)主義的基本原則，符合我國(guó)現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展規(guī)律。動(dòng)化技術(shù)是本世紀(jì)以來發(fā)展極迅速和影響極大的科學(xué)技術(shù)之一?，F(xiàn)代自動(dòng)化技術(shù)是一種完全新型的生產(chǎn)力，是直接創(chuàng)造社會(huì)財(cái)富的主要手段之一，對(duì)人類的生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)和物質(zhì)文明起著極大的推動(dòng)作用。因此，自動(dòng)化技術(shù)受到世界各國(guó)的廣泛重視和越來越多的應(yīng)用。HydraulicinthecommunityontheuseanddevelopmentofdirectionElectro-hydraulictechnologyisintheproportionofelectro-hydraulicservotechnologyonthebasisoftheneedforusers,lowercontrolofthehydraulicservovalvecanbesimplifiedanddevelop.Thereafter,theratioofmagnettechnologydevelopment,andinthedevelopmentofthreehydraulicvalveonthebasisofproportionalvalve.Electro-hydraulicservomainlybytheproportionofcomponentsandcompositionoftheelectro-hydraulicservocontrolsystem,withfastresponse,thepowerratio(powerandweightratio),higherdegreeofautomationcontrolnotablefeature,intheinertia,fasterresponsetorequests,andTheautomaticcontrolmachinetools,metallurgy,mining,petrochemical,electricity,shipping,military,construction,lifting,transportation,andothermainframeproductshavewideapplicationinthefuture,theseareahostofimportantmeansofcontrol.Inindustrializedcountries,byelectro-hydraulicservovalves,electro-hydraulicproportionalvalve,andwithusingadedicatedelectroniccontrollerandthecorrespondinghydrauliccomponents,integratedportfolioofcurrentservocontrolsystemofmutualsupport,hasacomprehensivehydraulicengineeringtechnology,Itsapplicationanddevelopmentisconsideredthelevelofacountrysindustrialandmodernindustrialdevelopment-animportantindicatoroflegislation,HydraulicEngineeringisalsoanewindustrialtechnologyhotspotsandgrowth.InChinathesamehostalargenumberofproductdevelopment,applicationofthetechnologynecessary,soastopromoteitsindustrialdevelopmentofChinashydrauliconeofthekeytechnologies.Internalandexternaldevelopmenttrendofforeigncountriesinrecentyears,theproportionofelectro-hydraulicservotechnologydevelopment,morefocused,reflectedinitsrelevantcomponentsofthemainbasisfortheimprovementanddevelopment,including:ServoValveinasimplifiedstructure,lowermanufacturingcostsandimproveanti-pollutionCapacityandhighreliabilitydirectionofdevelopment,researchanddevelopmentofahigh-powerpermanentmagnetlinearmotorandformedanewdirect-drivenservovalveproductline；electro-hydraulicproportionalvalvetotheuniversal,modular,group-wide,integrateddirectionDevelopmentinordertoachieveeconomiesofscaleproduction,lowermanufacturingcosts；electroniccontrollertowardthedirectionofASICdevelopment,andachievingsmallsize,composition,andachievehighreliabilitypurposes.Servoproportionofthecurrenttechnologybasedonthesemaincomponentsofthemorecloselyinterrelated,andtheotherpartsofthegenericlevelcontinuestoincrease.Chinaselectro-hydraulicservotechnologybeganinthe1960stothe1970swithpracticalapplications,therearecurrentlyaboutanannualoutputcapacityof2,000units；electro-hydraulicproportionaltothetechnicaldevelopmentofthemid-1970s,dozensofvarietiesavailable,Productspecifications,formingaproductioncapacityofabout5,000.Ingeneral,theproportionofChinaselectro-hydraulicservotechnologyandinternationallevelsgreaterthanthegapbetweenthemainproblems:thelackofdominantproductline,theexistingModelspecificationsmess,Specificationincomplete,andlackofadequateindustrialteststudy,thelevelofperformanceLowqualityofinstability,poorreliability,andtheexistenceoftwocomplementarypiecesoftheproblem,havehamperedtheapplicationoftechnologytoexpandfurther,needtoimproveassoonaspossible.Hydraulictransmissionandcontrolduetotheapplicationofelectronictechnology,computertechnology,informationtechnology,automaticcontroltechnologyandnewtechnology,newmaterialshasbeenmadeafterthenewdevelopmentsothatthehydraulicsystemsandcomponentsinthetechnicallevelhavegreatlyimproved.ThisarticlefromHydraulicfieldbustechnology,automationcontrolsoftwaretechnology,hydrauliccomponentsandsystems,hydraulicenergy-savingtechnologyandotherareasonhydraulictechnologyinnovationanddevelopmenttrends.Hydraulictransmissiontopointoutthatautomation,highprecisionandhighefficiency,high-speed,high-Power,small,lightweightdirection,anditisconstantlyimproving,transmission,mechanicaldrivecompetitivenessofthekey.Machineryautomation,mainlyinmachinemanufacturingindustryintheapplicationofautomationtechnology,toachievethetargetsofprocessingforautomatedproduction,theoptimalandeffectiveautomatedproductionprocess,productioninputstoacceleratetheprocessingspeedoftransformationandmobility.Machineryautomationtechnologyandapplicationdevelopment,technologicaltransformationisthemechanicalmanufacturingin