新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)2(第三版)unit8-textA課文翻譯.docx

Unit 8 Section A Animals or children? A scientists choice 動(dòng)物還是孩子？ 一位科學(xué)家的選擇 1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a childrens doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research. 1 我就是那個(gè)敵人！ 我就是那些被人詛咒的、殘忍的、搞動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)生科學(xué)家之一。 這些謠言刺痛了我，因?yàn)槲覐膩?lái)沒(méi)想到自己是一個(gè)邪惡的人。 我成為一位兒科醫(yī)生，因?yàn)槲覑?ài)孩子，也因?yàn)槲业淖畲笤竿亲屗麄儽３纸】怠?在醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)和住院醫(yī)生實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)，我看到了許多兒童死于癌癥和受傷流血雖然對(duì)此醫(yī)學(xué)正取得很大進(jìn)步，但遠(yuǎn)非完善。 更重要的是，我還看到孩子們能保持健康得益于醫(yī)學(xué)的進(jìn)步，如嬰兒呼吸支持器，功效強(qiáng)大的新藥物和外科手術(shù)技術(shù)及整個(gè)器官移植領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展。 我希望孩子們健康快樂(lè)，這促使我從事醫(yī)學(xué)研究。2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine. Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists. 2 控訴我的人把真相歪曲成一則神話，并把我描寫(xiě)成惡魔。 他們聲稱(chēng)我沒(méi)有道德界限，我折磨那些無(wú)辜動(dòng)物的唯一目的就是為了自己的職業(yè)升遷，而我的實(shí)驗(yàn)根本與醫(yī)藥毫不相關(guān)。 與此同時(shí)，無(wú)動(dòng)于衷的公眾幾乎不聞不問(wèn)，相信這個(gè)議題毫無(wú)意義，而具有宣傳意識(shí)的參議員和政治家們卻對(duì)動(dòng)物權(quán)利活動(dòng)家的游說(shuō)不斷作出讓步。3We,inmedicalresearch,havealsobeenunbelievablyuncaring.Wehaveallowedthemostextremeanimalrightsprotesterstocreepinandframetheissueasoneofanimalfraudandhatred.Wehavepersistedinourbeliefthataknowledgeablepublicwouldconsenttotheimportanceofanimalresearchforpublichealth.Perhapswehavebeenmistakeninnotrespondingtotheemotionaltoneoftheargument.Perhapsweshouldhaverespondedtothosesadslogansandpostersofanimalsbywavingequallysadpostersofchildrendyingofcancerorexternalwounds.3我們這些從事醫(yī)學(xué)研究的人也顯得令人難以置信的冷漠。我們?cè)试S最極端的動(dòng)物權(quán)利活動(dòng)家漸漸侵入，任憑他們把此類(lèi)研究誣陷為“動(dòng)物欺詐”和對(duì)動(dòng)物的仇恨。我們一直堅(jiān)信，有知識(shí)的公眾會(huì)贊同動(dòng)物研究對(duì)公眾健康的重要性。也許我們的錯(cuò)誤是沒(méi)有對(duì)這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論的感性基調(diào)作出反應(yīng)。也許我們?cè)鐟?yīng)該揮動(dòng)著兒童死于癌癥或外傷的同樣令人傷心的海報(bào)，來(lái)回應(yīng)那些關(guān)于動(dòng)物受害的傷感標(biāo)語(yǔ)及海報(bào)。4Intheanimalrightsforum,muchismadeofthevolumeofpaintheseanimalsexperienceinthenameofmedicalscience.Activistsdenythatwearetryingtohelpandsayitisevidenceofourevilandcruelnature.Amorereasonableargument,however,canbeadvancedinourdefense.Lifeisoftencrueltoanimalsandhumanbeings.Teenagersareflungfromtrucksandsuffersevereheadinjuries.Youngchildrenbarelyabletowalkfindthemselvesatthebottomofswimmingpoolswhileaparentisoccupiedwithsomethingelse.Fromeverydaygermstogangviolence,nolifeisfreeofpain.Physicianshopingtorelievetheeternalsufferingofthesetragedieshaveonlythreechoices:1)createananimalmodeloftheproblemtounderstandtheprocessandtestnewtherapies;2)experimentonhumanbeings(someexperimentswillsucceed,mostwillfail);or3)leavemedicalknowledgestatic,hopingthataccidentaldiscoverieswillleadusforward.4動(dòng)物權(quán)利論壇大肆宣揚(yáng)我們?nèi)绾我葬t(yī)學(xué)的名義使這些動(dòng)物經(jīng)受巨大的痛苦。動(dòng)物權(quán)利活動(dòng)家們否認(rèn)我們正在努力幫助人類(lèi)，并說(shuō)這是我們邪惡和殘忍本性的證據(jù)。然而，一個(gè)更合理的論點(diǎn)可用來(lái)為我們進(jìn)行辯護(hù)。生活往往對(duì)動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)都是殘酷的。青少年被甩到卡車(chē)外，導(dǎo)致頭部嚴(yán)重受傷。還不太會(huì)走路的孩子們溺水沉到游泳池底部時(shí)，他們的家長(zhǎng)正忙于其他事務(wù)。從常見(jiàn)的的細(xì)菌侵害到幫派的暴力，沒(méi)有誰(shuí)能不受傷害。醫(yī)生們希望能永遠(yuǎn)減輕這些悲劇帶給人們身體上的痛苦，他們只有三個(gè)選擇：1）用動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)，以了解整個(gè)醫(yī)療過(guò)程和測(cè)試新的療法；2）進(jìn)行人體實(shí)驗(yàn)（一些實(shí)驗(yàn)會(huì)成功，大多數(shù)會(huì)失?。?；3）讓對(duì)醫(yī)療知識(shí)的了解處于停滯狀態(tài)，希望偶然的發(fā)現(xiàn)會(huì)帶領(lǐng)我們向前。5Someanimalrightsactivistswouldsuggestanoptionalfourthchoice,claimingthatcomputermodelscancreateanimalexperiments,thusomittingactualexperiments.Computerscanimitatetheeffectsofwell-understoodprinciplesoncomplexsystems,asintheapplicationofthelawsofphysicstoairplaneandautomobiledesign.However,whentheprinciplesthemselvesareinquestion,asisthecasewiththecomplexbiologicalsystemsofhumanlifeunderstudy,computermodelingaloneisoflittlevalue.5一些動(dòng)物權(quán)利活動(dòng)家會(huì)提出第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，他們聲稱(chēng)計(jì)算機(jī)可以模擬動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)，這樣就可省去真實(shí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程。計(jì)算機(jī)可以模擬一些為人所熟知的原理在復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用效果，就如物理規(guī)律在飛機(jī)和汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)中的應(yīng)用那樣。然而，當(dāng)原理本身有問(wèn)題時(shí)，就跟正處于研究階段的復(fù)雜的生物系統(tǒng)的情況一樣，僅靠計(jì)算機(jī)模擬成效甚微。6Oneoftheterrifyingeffectsofarrestingtheuseofanimalsinmedicalresearchisthattheimpactwillnotbefeltforyearsorevendecades.Drugstocureinfectionwillremainundiscovered,surgicalanddiagnostictechniqueswillremainundeveloped,andfundamentalbiologicalprocessesthatmighthavebeenunderstoodwillremainmysteries.Thereisthedangerthatquickdecisions bywell-meaningpoliticianswillcreateresolutiontodiplomatically satisfythesmallminorityofloudprotestorswhiletheconsequencesanddamagingimpactofthosedecisionswillnotbeapparentuntillongafter.6阻止用動(dòng)物來(lái)進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)研究的可怕后果之一是，其影響要到幾年甚至幾十年后才能被人知曉：治愈感染的新藥物將無(wú)法被發(fā)現(xiàn)，外科手術(shù)和診斷技術(shù)將得不到發(fā)展，那些有可能被發(fā)掘的基本生物學(xué)進(jìn)程將是未解之謎。危險(xiǎn)的是，那些善意的政治家匆忙作出決定后拿出的解決方案只是策略性地滿足了那一小部分大聲疾呼的示威者，這些決定的后果和造成的破壞性影響要很久才會(huì)顯現(xiàn)。7Fortunately,mostofusenjoygoodhealth,andtheagonyofwatchingoneschilddiehasbecomearareexperience.Yetourgoodfortuneshouldnotmakeusunappreciative.Protectionfromserioussicknessanddrugstocombatheartdisease,highbloodpressureandstrokeareallbasedonanimalresearch.Mostcomplexsurgicalproceduressuchasheartorhipsurgeryandorgantransplantationsurgerieswereinitiallydevelopedinanimals.Techniquestoreplacedefectivegenes,thecauseofsomuchdisease,aswellasthedevelopmentofsyntheticorgansarepresentlyundergoinganimalstudies.Thesestudies,andanysubsequentadvances,willeffectivelyendifanimalresearchisseverelyrestricted.7幸運(yùn)的是，我們大多數(shù)人都享有健康的體魄，眼睜睜地看著孩子死亡之苦已不多見(jiàn)。然而，對(duì)于能夠享受健康或享受醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步能帶來(lái)的健康我們不應(yīng)該不心存感激。對(duì)嚴(yán)重疾病的預(yù)防和用于心臟病、高血壓和中風(fēng)的藥物都基于對(duì)動(dòng)物的研究。大多復(fù)雜的外科手術(shù)，如心臟或髖關(guān)節(jié)手術(shù)、器官移植手術(shù)最初都是在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中進(jìn)行的。取代導(dǎo)致眾多疾病的缺陷基因的技術(shù)，以及人造器官的發(fā)展，目前正處于動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究階段。如果動(dòng)物研究嚴(yán)格受限，這些研究和其后的任何進(jìn)展都將徹底地宣告結(jié)束。8InAmericatoday,deathhasbecomeaneventisolatedfromourdailyexistence.Asadoctorwhohaswatchedmanychildrendieandseentheirparentsinfinitegrief,Iamparticularlyangeredbyanyminuteexpressionofcaringforthesufferingofcreaturesandsolittleforsickanddyinghumanbeings.Peoplearetooprotectedfromtherealityofhumanlifeanddeathandwhatitmeans.8在今天的美國(guó)，死亡已經(jīng)成為我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪泄铝⑸僖?jiàn)的事。作為一個(gè)看見(jiàn)過(guò)許多兒童死亡和他們父母悲痛至極的醫(yī)生，我感到特別憤怒的是，有人對(duì)動(dòng)物的痛苦表達(dá)入微，但對(duì)生病和生命垂危的人卻冷漠無(wú)情。人們受到了太多的保護(hù),以