英語五種基本句型及鞏固練習

2020/5/31,1,英語基本句型-1主謂結構本結構是由主語加不及物的謂語動詞構成,常用來表示主語的動作。如：Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主語可有修飾語-定語，謂語可有修飾語-狀語。,1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.,2020/5/31,2,鞏固練習,1她昨天回家很晚。2會議將持續(xù)兩個小時。3在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)已經發(fā)生了巨大41919年，在北京爆發(fā)了“五.四”運動。5每天八時開始上課。6這個重五公斤。7五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鳥飛到南方去。9我的爺爺早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有許多學生到圖書館來借書。,2020/5/31,3,1.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.,2.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.,3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.,4.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.,5.Classesbeginateighteveryday.,2020/5/31,4,9.Mygrandfathergetsupearlyinthemorning.,10.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.,8.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.,7.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.,6.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.,2020/5/31,5,Translatethefollowingsentences:11.會議有可能開兩個半小時.Themeetingwilllasttwoandahalfhours.12.我所就讀的學校坐落在那個美麗的湖邊.TheschoolwhereIstudyliesbythebeautifullake.13.她盼望已久的機會終于到來了.Thechancewhichshewantedtogetforalongtimecameatlast.14他把書放在書包里,而書包卻找不到了.Heputthebooksintheschoolbag,buttheschoolbagdisappeared.15.正在睡覺的嬰兒笑了.Thesleepingbabysmiles.,2020/5/31,6,16.愛叫的狗不咬人.Barkingdogsseldombite.17.樂于助人者總是主動助人.Awillinghelperdoesntwaituntilheisasked.18.雖然在下大雨,但火車還是準時到達.Thetrainarrivedontimethoughitrainedhard.19.他通過乞討為生.Helivesbybegging.20.這里有些動物已經滅絕了.Someanimalsherehavediedout.21.可憐的TOM穿得破破爛爛.ThepoorTomdressedpoorly.,2020/5/31,7,22.這個病人不可不吃東西,但要吃不含糖的東西.Thesickmanmustnotgowithoutfood,buthemusthaveadietwithoutsugar.23.我的腿還在疼.Mylegstillhurts.24.火已經熄滅了.Thefirehasgoneout.25.最后他們贏了.Theywonintheend.26.1937年爆發(fā)了抗日戰(zhàn)爭.TheAnti-Japanesebrokeoutin1937.27.她不再哭了.Shedidntcryanymore.,2020/5/31,8,28.他一直走到山邊.Hewalkedasfarasthehillside.這支筆很好寫。Thepenwritessmoothly.30.這些蘋果很好賣.Theseapplessellwell.31.水果不易保鮮.Fruitscantkeepwell.32.這種布很易洗.Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.33.她高興地跳起來了.Hejumpedwithjoy.,2020/5/31,9,34.你做得很好。Youaredoingwell/fine.35.表壞了。Theclockdoesntworknow.36.用石頭建成的房子比用木頭建的房子更耐用一些.Ahousebuiltofstoneslastslongerthanthatbuiltofwood.37.李教授,很多學生想見你.是讓他們在這里等還是在外面?等?ProfessorLi,manystudentswanttoseeyou.Shalltheywaithereoroutside?38.她疼得哭了起來.Shecriedwithpain.,2020/5/31,10,39.校長笑著進來了。Theheadmastercameinwithalaugh/smile.40.這間房子的窗戶朝南.Thewindowofthishousefacessouth.41.你是誰沒關系.但你會干什么有關系.Itdoesntmatterwhoyouare,butitmatterswhatyoucando.42.我在這里一直等到10點鐘.Iwaitedhereuntil10oclock.43.他急急忙忙地走了.Heleftinahurry.44.兩天后,天放晴了.Twodayslater,itclearedupintheend.,2020/5/31,11,45.汽車的價格會下降的.Thepriceofthecarwillgodown/fall.46.這本雜志什么時候會出版?Whenwillthemagazinecomeout?47.這個工程什么時候開工?Whenwilltheprojectstart?48.他為什么哭了?Whydidhecry?49.這個事情怎么發(fā)生的?Howdidithappen?50.除了你,還有三個人贏了。Besidesyou,threeotherpeoplealsowon.,2020/5/31,12,英語基本句型-2主系表結構本結構是由主語+系動詞+表語組成，主要用以說明主語的特征，類屬，狀態(tài)，身份等。系動詞有:1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示狀態(tài)變化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;,2020/5/31,13,OurEnglishteacheristhirty-fouryearsold.,Thecaketastesdelicious.,Wefeelusedtolivinginbigcities.,Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.,Theirbossseemssatisfiedwiththework.,Deepwaterstaysstill.,2020/5/31,14,鞏固練習：1冬季白天短，夜晚長2十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。3孩子們很少保持安靜。4她的工作是在幼兒園里照看兒童。,Inwinter,thedaysareshortandthenightsarelong.,Attheageoffifteen,hebecameafamouspianist.,Childrenseldomkeepquiet.,Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.,2020/5/31,15,5他失業(yè)了。6樹葉已經變黃了7這個報告聽起來很有意思,Heisoutofwork.,Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.,Thereportsoundsinteresting,2020/5/31,16,1.AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoarea.,主系表句型的幾個特例：,2.Wearegreatlysurprisedtomeethimthere.,3.Itisnotagoodideatospendyourvacationwithstrangers.,4.Itiskindofyoutosayso.,5.Itisnoteasyforthemtogotherebybike.,6.IsitTomwhoisplayingthepiano?,7.Itisafactthattheycantpasstheexam.,2020/5/31,17,英語基本句型-3主謂賓結構,本結構是由主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語構成。賓語成分的多樣化使得這一結構異常復雜。,如：1.Tommadeaholeinthewall.2.Theyhaventdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.5.Ittookthemtenyearstobuildthedam.7.Motherpromisestogivemeapresent.,2020/5/31,18,鞏固練習：,1昨晚我寫了一封信。2今天下午我想同你談談。3這本書他讀過多次了。4他們成功地完成了計劃。5那位先生能流利地說三種語言。6我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來的信。7Jim還不會自己穿衣服。8我們大家都相信Jack是一個誠實男孩。9.他不知道說什麼好。10.我開窗戶你在意嗎？,2020/5/31,19,1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.,2020/5/31,20,6.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.7.Jimcannotdresshimself.8.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.9.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.10.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?,2020/5/31,21,英語基本句型4雙賓語結構說明：此結構由“主語+及物謂語動詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）”組成。如：Hebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for。如：Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to側重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for側重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動詞有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。,2020/5/31,22,鞏固練習：1Johnson先生去年教我們德語。2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個有趣的故事。3請把那本字典遞給我好嗎？4他把車票給列車員看。5我替你叫輛出租汽車好嗎？6新式機器將會為你節(jié)省許多勞動。7他用他的第一個月工資給他媽媽買了一件毛衣。,2020/5/31,23,1.MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.2.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.3.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?4.Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.5.ShallIcallyouataxi?6.Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour.7.Heboughtanewcoatforhismotherwithhisfirstmonthssalary.,2020/5/31,24,英語基本句型5復合賓語結構說明:此結構由“主語+及物的謂語動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”構成。賓語與賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關系或主表關系，若無賓語補足語，則句意不夠完整?？梢杂米鲑e補的有：名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，分詞等。如：Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.用it做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面，以使句子結構平衡，是英語常用的句型結構方式。即：主語+謂語+it+賓補+真正賓語。如：Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.,2020/5/31,25,鞏固練習：1我們叫她Alice.2我們大家都認為他是誠實的。3他們把小偷釋放了。4我要你把真相告訴我。5.衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開。6.每天早晨我們都聽到他大聲朗讀英語。7他每個月理一次發(fā)8我們不會讓她在晚上外出的。,WecallherAlice.,Allofusconsideredhimhonest.,Theyhavesetthethieffree.,Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.,Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.,EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.,Wewontlethergooutatnight.,Hehashishaircutonceamonth.,2020/5/31,26,9那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了10她正在聽人家講故事。11我從來沒看見這個字這樣用過。12他感到很難跟你交談。13我認為有可能用另一種方法解題。14學校定了一條規(guī)則，開始上課時學生要起立。,Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.,Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.,Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.,Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.,Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.,Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.,2020/5/31,27,英語基本句型6Therebe句型說明：此句型是由“there+be+主語+狀語”構成，用以表達存在關系可以稱“有”。它其實是倒裝的一種情況，主語位于謂語動詞be之后，there僅為引導詞，并無實際語意。此句型有時不用be動詞，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.,2020/5/31,28,Be與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)量上一致，有時態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如：現(xiàn)在有thereis/are過去有therewas/were將來