2021版新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit1Lifestyles練習(xí)北師大版.docx

Unit 1 Lifestyles課時練12篇閱讀1篇七選五1篇完形.閱讀理解A(2020泉州高三調(diào)研)Rich as a KingWilliam， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet(抽水馬桶), paper towels, or a riding lawn mower(割草機). How did he get_by?History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldnt buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, youd think Id be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, and famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howards new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. Youd think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by todays standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms that my wife and I can keep clean.Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I cant keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要通過同富有的古人對比啟迪讀者：生活沒有必要攀比，要知足常樂。1What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean?ASucceed as a king.BDeal with complaints.CLive in a satisfactory way.DGet some extra money.C解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, youd think Id be content.”，并結(jié)合對第一段第二句的理解：沒有現(xiàn)代這些便利的生活設(shè)備，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得稱心如意呢？由此可推知，畫線短語表示“以一種令人滿意的方式生活”，故選C。2How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?A3.B4.C5. D6.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)對第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活對比中作者列舉了四個歷史人物，他們分別是：William ， Croesus, Alexander the Great和Czar Nicholas。3According to the passage, the author intends to _Atell us to be content with lifeBwarn us to live in a simple wayCteach us to learn lessons from lifeDencourage us to struggle for wealthA解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章的標題Rich as a King，并結(jié)合對全文的整體理解可推知，作者通過古今生活對比，告訴我們要知足常樂。4Whats the authors attitude towards life?ADoubtful. BOptimistic.CUncaring. DCautious.B解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后兩段，尤其是最后一段最后兩句“I cant keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.”可推知，作者對生活持樂觀的態(tài)度。B(2020佛山高三質(zhì)檢)As evolution tends to remove waste, how come we evolved such large, energyconsuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假設(shè)) suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology(生態(tài))Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin. Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出現(xiàn)的情況) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size. But you need both factors to get the brain size we see todayif there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life. Bigger isnt necessarily better.But many animals face hard ecological problems. Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow. So our results and those of others suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a humansized brain.Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文?？茖W(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類大腦的大小是由生態(tài)環(huán)境和文化知識積累的共同作用決定的；大腦并非越大越好，如果大腦過大，則人類將無法適應(yīng)社交活動。5In most peoples view, what makes human evolve large brains?ASocial challenges.BSocial and ecological challenges.CEcological challenges.DCompetition with other large animals.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“The dominant hypothesis(假設(shè))suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force.”并結(jié)合第一段內(nèi)容可知，大部分人認為棘手的社交活動是人類大腦進化的動力，故A項正確。6Whats the problem of the common approach?AIts model is not reliable enough.BIt doesnt tell the cause and effect clearly.CIts hypothesis cannot be proved effectively.DIt doesnt find brain size is connected with problems.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.”可知，傳統(tǒng)的研究方法無法解釋清楚大腦進化的原因和影響，故B項正確。7Why dont many animals have large brains?AThey dont learn from each other.BThey dont face hard ecological problems.CThey dont need to cooperate with each other.DThey dont keep learning tough skills as they grow.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二、三句“Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow.”可知，只有當個體在成長過程中不斷學(xué)習(xí)艱難的技能時，生態(tài)環(huán)境才會影響人類特定大小的大腦。據(jù)此可推知，動物在成長過程中并沒有持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)艱難的技能，所以動物沒有大的大腦，故D項正確。8Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising?AAnimals dont have large brains.BSocial challenges decrease brain size.CEcological challenges increase brain size.DIts unclear whether human brains will expand further.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size.”可知，與主流觀點及我們自己的預(yù)期相反，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)社會挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致大腦變小。據(jù)此可知，社會挑戰(zhàn)導(dǎo)致大腦變小是令人驚訝的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故B項正確。.七選五(2020蘭州高三診斷)Have you ever wondered what the real meaning of the saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed” is? 1._. True friendship is the one, in which the individuals do not have to maintain good manners with each other. Sharing true friendship is the situation, when the person you are talking about is regarded as one among your family members, when the relation you share with him or her reaches a stage that even if you dont correspond for some time, your friendship remains unchanged.The trust between best friends is such that if one friend falls in trouble, the other will not think twice to help. If the bond between two friends is strong, true friends can tolerate even long distances. 2._. It would not affect their friendship.3_. They would face it together and support each other, even if it is against the interests of the other person. Best friends dont analyze each other and they dont have to do so. They accept each other with their positive and negative qualities. 4._. They know each others strengths as well as weaknesses. One would not overpower the other. They would respect each others individuality. In fact, they would understand the similarities and respect the differences.True friendship is marked by selflessness. Best friends support each other, even if the whole world opposes them. 5._. If you have even one true friend, consider yourself lucky.ATrue friendship never fades awayBNothing is hidden between true friendsCIt is not easy getting true friends for the lifetimeDFor them, geographical separation is just a part of lifeETrue friends dont desert each other when one is facing troubleFRemember, all the best friends are friends, but not all friends can be the best friendsGPeople talk about the true value of friendship actually without knowing what it stands for【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。在生活中，真正的友誼不會拘泥于各種禮儀，朋友彼此間都以誠相待，會毫不猶豫地幫助對方。1G解析：空前一句是說，你曾經(jīng)想知道“患難見真情”的真正含義嗎？后一句解釋了什么是真正的友誼；由此可推知，空處應(yīng)是說很多人并不了解真正的友誼的含義。故選G。2D解析：根據(jù)前一句中的“l(fā)ong distances”可知，此處敘述的是距離對雙方的影響，這與D項中的“geographical separation”相呼應(yīng)。故選D。3E解析：根據(jù)后一句中的“face it together and support each other”可知，此處講述的是真正的朋友會共同面對困難并互相支持，這與E項中的“dont desert each other”相呼應(yīng)。故選E。4B解析：根據(jù)后一句“They know each others strengths as well as weaknesses.”可知，真正的朋友知道對方的優(yōu)點和缺點，雙方坦誠相見，故B項符合語境。5C解析：根據(jù)空后一句“If you have even one true friend, consider yourself lucky.”可知，即使你只有一位真正的朋友，那你也應(yīng)該感到幸運；由此可推知，C項“獲得一生的真正的朋友并不容易”符合語境。.完形填空(2020合肥第一次質(zhì)檢)Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship. But just before junior year, Greenbergs _1_ changed. One day his vision “_2_ up” and later he was diagnosed(診斷) with glaucoma(青光眼). Then doctors operated on Greenbergs eyes. _3_， the surgery didnt work. Greenberg was going blind. He was so _4_ that he refused to see anyone.As Greenbergs best friend, Arthur persuaded Greenberg to go back to Columbia University and _5_ to be his “reader”. Arthur read _6_ to him every day, taking time out from his own study, and Greenberg _7_ scoring straight As. Still, he was _8_ about getting alone and relied on his friend.Then, one afternoon, Greenberg and Arthur went to Midtown Manhattan. When it was time to go back to campus, Arthur said he couldnt _9_ him because of an appointment. Greenberg _10_. They argued, and Arthur walked off, _11_ Greenberg alone in Grand Central Terminal. Greenberg, who was completely _12_， stumbled(蹣跚而行) through the rushhour crowd. He took a shuttle train west to Times Square, and then transferred to an uptown train. Four miles later, he _13_ at the Columbia University stop.At the gate of the university, someone _14_ him. “Oops, excuse me, sir.” Greenberg _15_ the voice. It was Arthurs. Greenbergs first reaction was _16_， but in the next second, he realized what he had just _17_ and realized, too, who had made it possible. _18_， Arthur had been with him the whole day, using one of the most _19_ strategies.Blindness doesnt make Greenberg fail to appreciate the _20_ of life. He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.【解題導(dǎo)語】Greenberg是哥倫比亞大學(xué)的一名優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，他因患青光眼而失明，因此不愿見任何人。幸運的是，在好朋友Arthur的幫助下，他克服了困難，重新找到了生活的美好。1A.faithBattitudeCfortune DreputationC解析：根據(jù)空前一句“Greenberg was a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship.”和空后一句中的“he was diagnosed(診斷) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，此處表示Greenberg的命運(fortune)發(fā)生了變化。故正確答案為C。2A.lit BsteamedCcleared DcheeredB解析：根據(jù)空后的“and later he was diagnosed(診斷) with glaucoma(青光眼)”可推知，一天，他的視力變得模糊。故正確答案為B。3A.Otherwise BMoreoverCTherefore DHoweverD解析：根據(jù)空前一句“Then doctors operated on Greenbergs eyes.”和空后的“the surgery didnt work”可知，前后句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。However “但是，然而”符合語境。故正確答案為D。otherwise“否則”；moreover“而且，此外”；therefore “因此，所以”。4A.shy BdesperateCselfish DnervousB解析：根據(jù)空前一句“Greenberg was going blind.”可知，他是如此絕望(desperate)以至于拒絕見任何人。故正確答案為B。5A.offered BpretendedChappened DlearnedA解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Arthur read _ to him every day, taking time out from his own study”可知，Arthur說服Greenberg回到哥倫比亞大學(xué)，并主動提出(offered)成為他的“閱讀器”。故正確答案為A。6A.letters BnewspapersCtextbooks DmagazinesC解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Greenberg _ scoring straight As”并結(jié)合語境可推知，Arthur應(yīng)該是給Greenberg讀課本(textbooks)。故正確答案為C。7A.ended up Bcarried onCimagined DconsideredA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，在Arthur的幫助下，Greenberg最終取得了全優(yōu)的成績。end up “最后處于” 符合語境。故正確答案為A。8A.curious BconfidentCexcited DtentativeD解析：根據(jù)本句中的“Still”以及空后的“relied on his friend”可推知，他對獨處感到猶豫。tentative “猶豫的”符合語境，故正確答案為D。9A.abandon BrescueCcomfort DaccompanyD解析：根據(jù)空后的“because of an appointment”可知，Arthur因為有約會而無法陪同(accompany)他。故正確答案為D。abandon “拋棄，丟棄”；rescue “營救”；comfort “安慰”。10A.compromised BpanickedCexplained DapologizedB解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Greenberg還沒有做好獨處的準備，當Arthur無法陪同他時，他感到驚慌失措。故正確答案為B。compromise “妥協(xié)”；explain “解釋”；apologize “道歉”。11A.leaving BfindingCconsulting DservingA解析：根據(jù)空前的“Arthur walked off”可知，Arthur把Greenberg獨自留在(leaving)紐約中央車站。故正確答案為A。12A.tired BamusedCconfused DsatisfiedC解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合選項可知，對Arthur將他獨自留下，他感到很困惑。confused “困惑的，糊涂的”符合語境。故正確答案為C。13A.got off Bpulled overClooked around Dran awayA解析：根據(jù)空后的“at the Columbia University stop”可推知，Greenberg在哥倫比亞大學(xué)站下了車。故正確答案為A。14A.turned to Bshouted atCknocked into Dquarreled withC解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Oops, excuse me, sir.”可推知，有人撞到了(knocked into)Greenberg。故正確答案為C。15A.raised BlostCcontrolled DrecognizedD解析：根據(jù)下文“It was Arthurs.”可知，Greenberg認出了(recognized)Arthur的聲音。故正確答案為D。16A.anger BpleasureCrelief DsorrowA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，Arthur之前將他獨自留下，現(xiàn)在又撞到了他，Greenberg第一反應(yīng)應(yīng)是憤怒(anger)。故正確答案為A。17A.missed BquestionedCignored DachievedD解析：根據(jù)空后的“and realized, too, who had made it possible”可知，Greenberg意識到他這次能獨自回到學(xué)校而不用依靠Arthur，這是之前他一直猶豫而沒敢去做的事情。故正確答案為D。18A.Gradually BFinallyCObviously DStrangelyC解析：根據(jù)空后的“Arthur had been with him the whole day, using one of the most _ strategies”可推知，很明顯(Obviously)，Arthur 一整天都和他在一起，用一種最巧妙的(brilliant)計策。故正確答案為C。19A.brilliant BfamiliarCdefensive DcomplexA解析：參見上題解析。familiar “熟悉的”； defensive “防御的”；complex “復(fù)雜的”。20A.magic BbeautyCwisdom DtruthB解析：根據(jù)全文以及空后一句“He always says he is the luckiest man in the world.”可知，失明也未能阻止Greenberg欣賞生活的美好(beauty)。故正確答案為B。課時練22篇閱讀1篇七選五1篇語法填空.閱讀理解A(2020北京西城區(qū)高三模擬)When I was three years old, I couldnt speak. It was a strange reality that none of the doctors I visited could understand.One day, I was shadowing(尾隨) my mother. She found herself looking in a mirror, and through it our eyes met. She began to speak to me through the reflection, and I slowly began to mimic(模仿) her mouths movements until I formed a word.It turned out that Im deaf in my left ear, and have a slight problem in my right. Being hard of hearing has been difficult, but Ive never lived in a state of selfhating sorrow. Imagine being able to shut out all sound as you lay your head down to sleep by simply rolling over onto one side. Thats my reality when I sleep on my “good ear”， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.People call my deaf side my “bad ear”， but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people dont. In cinemas, for example, with one click of a button I can enjoy a whole film as though it were whispered to me from the mouths of the actors.Owning a hearing aid hasnt always felt good, however. On the first day I got my aid, when I was eight, I took it to school for show and tell. As I explained how it worked to my classmates, a boy yelled out, “Arent those for old men？” At that moment, I felt different. It took a long time for me to get over that sense of being so unlike my peers.But its not just schoolkids who can make us deaf and hardofhearing people feel like burdens. Every video on social media that lacks subtitles(字幕), for example, means an entire community of deaf people is unable to enjoy it. Completely deaf people are excluded from enjoying many movies too, as subtitles in cinemas are almost impossible to find.And with hearing aids costing around $2，500 each, it can be hard for many people to afford to be able to listen to things that others take for granted. As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversationsIm lucky. Im deaf, but I can still hear everything. Ive been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human. And when it comes to sleeping, Im even superhuman.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者積極應(yīng)對自己聽力障礙的勵志故事。1How does the author view his hearing difficulty?AIts a disaster and causes him a lot of trouble.BIt gave him a chance to experience something special.CIt made him feel embarrassed in front of his classmates.DIt helped him to live in his own world without being interrupted.B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)對第三段的整體理解，尤其是最后一句“Thats my reality when I sleep on my good ear， and it makes me feel like a superhero sometimes.”可推知，聽力障礙讓作者有了與眾不同的體驗，與最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“Ive been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”呼應(yīng)，故選B。2What can be inferred from the passage about the author?AHe was born deaf.BHe is optimistic and helpful.CHis family and classmates have supported him a lot.DThe hearing aid brings much convenience to his daily life.D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“People call my deaf side my bad ear， but when I wear my hearing aid, I have access to a range of features that some other deaf people dont.”和對本段的整體理解可推知，助聽器給作者的生活帶來了諸多便利，故選D。3What is the authors attitude towards his life?AGrateful.BAnxious.CExcited. DDisappointed.A解析：觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“As for me, I can listen to music, enjoy films, and catch conversationsIm lucky.” 和第四句“Ive been blessed with wonderful life experiences, and I am human.”可推知，作者對自己的生活充滿感激之情，故選A。4What is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?ATo give advice on life to disabled people.BTo show how difficult life is for disabled people.CTo share his experience of treating a disadvantage with gratitude.DTo show the convenience a hearing aid could bring.C解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)對全文的整體理解可知，本文主要講述了作者積極應(yīng)對聽力障礙的勵志故事，故選C。B(2020廣東清遠高三調(diào)研)You try to keep your eyes wide open while watching a basketball