高考英語特殊句式

. 高考英語特殊句式 2012,11，28 一強調(diào)句型：“It is/was被強調(diào)的部分that/who原句其他部分”。被強調(diào)的部分為“人”時用who/that，否則都用that。 注意：被強調(diào)部分不能是謂語動詞。 It was on Monday night that all this happened. Its me who he blamed.It was what you did that made me satisfied. It is I who/that am in charge of the factory. 【考點一】考查not . until 結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為It is/was not until+被強調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasn t until; that【考點二】考查復(fù)合句中的強調(diào)句型Was it _ he was seriously ill that he didnt come to school yesterday?_ he came back home that we knew what had happened.A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was【考點三】考查強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問詞+is/was+it+that+其他部分，但這類句型如出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞+it +is/was +that+其他部分。 Where was it that you met the Frenchman? _ electricity plays an important part in our daily life?A. Why was it that B. Why is it that C. Why is it D. Why it is that【難點一】正確判斷強調(diào)句型 用一個恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。It was the school gate _ I met an old friend of mine after class.Was it in this palace _ the last emperor died?【難點二】強調(diào)句型與It is/was+時間+when/before從句；It be+時間+since從句；It be long.before.等句型的區(qū)別。It was at midnight _ I got back home yesterday. It was midnight _ I got back home yesterdayIt is two years _ I began to learn English. It may be many years_ the situation improves.二倒裝定義：為了強調(diào)、突出等目的而顛倒原有語序的句式叫做倒裝句，顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變，句法成分不變。倒裝句分為三種：完全倒裝：指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。1）Up went the rocket into the air. 2）Such would be our home in the future.3）On top of the hill stands a tall tree. 4）Here comes the bus. 部分倒裝：指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。1）Only in this way can you solve this problem. 2）No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.3）So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled形式倒裝：在語法上又被稱為前置。它的特點是，只把強調(diào)的內(nèi)容提置句首，主謂并不倒裝。1）What an interesting talk they had! 2）The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.3）Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.【考點一】部分倒裝(1)句首狀語為否定詞（組）或半否定詞（組）的句子。這類詞或短語主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no等。 Little does he care about what I said.(2)only+狀語放在句首，要部分倒裝。注意，only修飾主語不倒裝。 Only by this means is it possible to explain it.(3)so/such.that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.(4)“neither/nor助動詞系動詞情態(tài)動詞主語”表示“某人或某事亦非如此”； “so助動詞系動詞情態(tài)動詞主語”表示“某人或某事亦是如此”。注意：當(dāng)陳述部分既有肯定又有否定或者謂語動詞既有實義動詞又有助動詞時，可用下面兩個句型：It is the same with.或So it is with.。 Eg：Jack is a student and he studies hard. It is the same with Tom.“so主語助動詞系動詞情態(tài)動詞”表示“某人或某事確實如此”。 I reminded you not to forget the appointment. So you did.(5)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句含有were, had，should時, 可省略if, 再把were, should或had移到從句句首。 Had you come earlier, you would have met him.(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!【考點二】完全倒裝(1)There be結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來代替be動詞的動詞有：exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。There exist different opinions on this question.(2)“Here/There/Now/Then+come (或be等)+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)。本句型中there是副詞,應(yīng)重讀,強調(diào)地點。而There be句型中there本身沒意義。Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. There comes the bus.此句型中的主語必須是名詞。如果主語是人稱代詞，就不用倒裝。 There she comes.(3)表示方向的副詞out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。但主語是代詞時用部分倒裝。In came Mr White. Away went the boy. Out she went.(4)表示地點的介詞短語 (如:on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house等)放在句首時，要全部倒裝。On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.(5)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。 Long live the Peoples Republic of China!(6)其他形式的完全倒裝。Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster. East of the city lies a new railway. First to be completed was the seven- storey teaching building. Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay. Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15. 三省略省略句是英語的一種習(xí)慣用法。按照語法的分析，句子應(yīng)該具備的成分，有時出于修辭上的需要，在句中并不出現(xiàn)，這種句子叫做省略句，這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為“省略”。其特點是：雖然省去句子語法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分，但仍能表達其完整的意義。省略形式多樣，從單詞、短語到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系，不容臆斷?！究键c一】考查狀語從句的省略在以when, while, if, as if, though (although), as, whether, once, whenever等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若從句的主語是it或與主句的主語相同，且在謂語中含有be動詞時，常省略從句的主語和be，引導(dǎo)詞后直接跟不定式、分詞、形容詞、介詞短語等。Look out for cars when (you are) crossing the street.While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.【考點二】不定式符號to的省略感官實義動詞see, hear, feel, watch等和使役動詞 have, make, let等后接不定式作賓補時, 省略不定式to；do nothing but, cant (help/choose) but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略to的不定式；在口語中，為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動詞原形而只保留 不定式符號 to。但to后如有be，have 則保留。I watched him disappear in the distance.Sandy could do nothing but admit to his teacher that he was wrong.My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want_ . Are you a sailor?No, but I used_ .【考點三】替代詞so/not的省略用于避免重復(fù)前面說過的內(nèi)容，替代詞so/not代替肯定或否定的內(nèi)容?？膳cbelieve, do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think, Im afraid, if等連用。否定時hope與guess 只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式，而think, believe, suppose等其他詞可有兩種否定形式 ，即：I think not 或I dont think so。Will you be able to finish your report today? I hope so.The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? I guess not. 四反義疑問句反義疑問句即附加疑問句，是對陳述句所表示的事實或觀點提出疑問的句子。反義疑問句由兩部分組成：前肯后否，前否后肯。兩部分的人稱時態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。1.祈使句的反義疑問句用will you表示 “請求”，或用wont you 表示提醒對方注意； 在否定的祈使句后，只能用will you。Look at the blackboard, will you/wont you?2.Lets引導(dǎo)的祈使句表示“建議”時，反意疑問句部分用shall we。 Lets go home, shall we/shant we/may I? Let me/us have a try, will you/wont you?Dont forget, will you? 3.感嘆句用be的一般現(xiàn)在時的否定式What fine weather, isnt it? 4.主語是不定代詞one時 ，主語可以用one，也可用he(美式英語) One should be ready to help others, shouldnt one? 5.含有否定詞：few,little,seldom,ha-rdly,not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,none,neither等反意疑問句部分用肯定He is never late for school, is he? He hardly knows anything about computer, does he? 6.含的否定詞是通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成 ，反意疑問句部分用否定結(jié)構(gòu) It is unfair, isnt it?7.主從復(fù)合句根據(jù)主句的謂語而定；若主從復(fù)合句為含I think /believe/suppose.that. 結(jié)構(gòu)，與從句的主、謂語保持一致。 They agreed that the United States shouldnt make a war on Iraq, didnt they? I dont think he will come, will he? I suppose (that) he is serious, isnt he? 8.并列句謂語根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定I wont go there, but he will go instead, wont he? 9.there be句型用thereThere was a hospital here, wasnt there? 10.含有had better用hadntWe had better go there at once, hadnt we?11.含有情態(tài)動詞must，must表示“必須”，反意疑問句部分為mustnt.? /neednt.? must表示推測時，反意疑問句部分與must后面的動詞呼應(yīng)。 We mustnt be late, must we? Y ou must go home now, neednt you? /mustnt you? Tom must be at home now，isnt he? 含used to表示“過去常常”，didnt+主語或usednt+主語 He used to live in China, usednt /didnt he?would rather/like to+v.wouldnt+主語He would rather stay at home, wouldnt he?五There be 句型There be 結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以表達“某處(某時)有某人(某物)”,其基本句型為“There be+某物或某人+某地或某時”,其中there 是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；be是謂語動詞；“某人或某物”是句子的主語;“某地或某時”作句子的狀語,多為介詞短語?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：There is a flower in the bottle. There are four chairs and a small bed in the room. 特殊結(jié)構(gòu) ：1.在正式文體中，某些表示存在、發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)、坐落等意義的不及物動詞也可以與there連用，如：appear, seem, come, remain, exist, live, stand, lie, arise等。 There exist many ancient temples in the country. There lies a small village in the mountain.There remains nothing more to be done. There followed the First World War. There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter. there+情態(tài)動詞+be表示“預(yù)見”、“可能”、“必然”或“過去習(xí)慣存在”等。 There might be some desserts if you wait a bit. There ought to have been someone on duty all the time. there to be 或there+being形式，稱為非限定存在句，可以作主語、賓語、介詞補足語，狀語等。 We expect there to be no objections. There being no buses， we had to walk home .【考點一】There be句型的主謂一致當(dāng)There be 后面的名詞是兩個或兩個以上時，There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動詞要遵循“就近一致”原則，即和緊隨其后的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。There is a pen and two books on