動詞(A).doc

英語動詞（A）add in，add to，add up和 add up to1. add in 包括2. add to 增加3. add up加起來 4. add up to 加起來等于，總計。如： The costs added up to 1000 dollars. 費用總計為1000美元。 Advise 和persuadeAdvise sb. to do 勸告某人去做Advise sb. not to do勸告某人不去做Advise sb. against doing勸告某人不去做Persuade sb. to do說服某人去做Persuade sb. into doing說服某人去做answer 和 reply 這兩個詞都表示“回答”，意義有所不同： 1、answer用法較廣泛，可指口說或筆寫的答復(fù)，answer (sb.), 用作及物或不及物動詞：I called, but no one answered. 2、reply指較正式的、經(jīng)過考慮后的答復(fù)，reply to sb., 用作不及物動詞： I replied to him at once. 我馬上回復(fù)了他。rise, raise, arise和arouse 1、rise (vi)roserisen升起 The sun rises in the east. 太陽在東方升起。2、raise (vt)raisedraised舉起 He raised his right hand. 他舉起了右手。3、arise (vi)arosearisen出現(xiàn) A new problem may arise.可能會出現(xiàn)一個新問題。4、arouse (vt)arousedaroused喚起 Your words aroused my interest. 你的話喚起了我的興趣。arrive, reach和get to 1、arrive表示“到達某地”時，后面要接介詞，到達的地方范圍較大時多用in, 地方較小時多用at： We arrived in Paris ( France，Europe). We arrived at the station ( my native town, the office) 2、reach后面直接跟表示地點的詞：He reached London. 3、get to是口頭用語：What time shall we get to Shanghai? believe sb.和believe in sb. believe sb. 相信某人（所說的話是真的）believe in sb.信任某人 I believe him, but I can not believe in him. 我相信他（所說的話是真的），但我不信任他。in，put on，wear，dress, have on 和 pull on 都含有“穿、戴”之意，但用法不同。in是介詞，后接表示衣服或顏色的詞，著重于服裝的款式或顏色。它所構(gòu)成的短語只能作表語或定語。例如：This young man is in a black coat. 這年輕人穿著黑色外套。put on “穿上、戴上”，強調(diào)“穿”“戴”的動作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。例如：I want you to put on this coat and this hat.我要你穿這件外套，戴這頂帽子。pull on的意思也是“穿上”，帶有“匆忙”的意思：Youre late! Quickly pull on your clothes and leave! 你遲到了！快穿上衣服走吧！wear “穿著；戴著”，表示狀態(tài)，賓語可以是衣帽，也可以是飾物、獎?wù)碌取＠纾篧hy does he often wear dark sunglasses? 他為什么經(jīng)常戴著深色的太陽鏡？dress的賓語通常是人，意思是“給穿衣服”。dress oneself 或 get dressed表示給自己穿衣服。例如：My son is now able to dress himself. 我兒子現(xiàn)在自己會穿衣服了。Its time to wake up and get dressed! 該起床穿衣服了。be dressed in 的意思是“穿著”，表示狀態(tài)。She is dressed in a fur coat. 她穿著毛皮大衣。dress up的意思是“盛裝打扮、喬裝打扮”。have on的意思是“穿著，戴著”， be good at，be good to 和be good for Young children are good at crying.小孩善哭。be good to sb（對人友好、好處）Reading is good to people.閱讀對人有好處。be good for sth（對物有好處）Water is good for all living plants.水對所有生物都有好處。be known for, be known as, be known by 和 be known tobe known as 什么樣的名人 She is known as a singer.be known for 因什么而出名She is known for her great voice.be known by 在什么人中有名 He is known by his classmates as a singer.be known to 做什么出名 He is known to eat a lot. be made in 在某地制造be made by由某人制造be made for為某人制作be made into 被制造成be made to do被迫做be made of由。制造be made from由。制造be made of “由構(gòu)成”，能看出原材料，像桌子由木頭制成，刀子由鐵或金屬制成，很明顯看出原材料，如： The sweater is made of wool. 毛衣是羊毛作的(可以看出羊毛的) be made from “由構(gòu)成、制成成品”，被制成的東西看不出原材料，像紙是由木頭制成的，這就看不出。 如：The paper is made from the wood. 紙是樹木作的(看不出來樹木的)Be made in 在某地被制作These computers are made in China.Be made by 由某人制作These computers are made by Chinese.Be made for 為某人制作These computers are made for Chinese scientist.Be made into 被制作成Wood is made into paper.Be made out of 用。制成Paper is made out of wood.Be made to do 被迫做They are made to stand there.be used for, be used as, be used to doing, be used to do 和used to dobe used for doing 用來做 如：The pen is used for writing. 鋼筆是用來寫字的。be used as 用來作 The house is used as my bedroom.這個房子用作我的臥室。be used to doing sth習慣做某事She is used to getting up early. 她已習慣早起。be used to do 被用來做Money is used to buy things but not everything.錢是用來買東西的，但不是一切東西。used to do sth過去曾做某事Usednt you to like her?=Didnt you use to like her？ 你以前不是很喜歡她嗎？I used to hate Tom，but I am used to having him around now。 get used to “習慣”，有時帶點被迫的意思。be strict in和be strict withbe strict in+事物We should be strict in (doing) our work.對工作我們應(yīng)該嚴格要求。而be strict with+人His father is strict with him他父親對他嚴格要求。 borrow和lendborrow 表示的是從別人那里借來東西，即我們通常所說的“借進來”。 We often borrow books from our school library. 我們經(jīng)常從學校圖書館借書。 borrow 是一個瞬間完成的動作，因此不能與時間段連用。 You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 錯誤 ) lend 表示的是把自己的東西借給別人，即我們通常所說的借出去。 Thank you for lending your bike to me. = Thank you for lending me your bike.謝謝你把自行車借給我。 lend 與 borrow 一樣，也是一個瞬間完成的 動作，不能與一段時間連用。 keep 的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借來后的保存或使用階段，是一段持續(xù)的時間，因此可以與時間段連用。 I have kept this book for only one week. 這本書我才剛借了一星期。bring和takebring意為“帶來；拿來”，表示從別的地方將某人或某物帶到或拿到說話者所在的地點來(由遠而近)。例如：Please ask Uncle Tom to bring you here in August.take與bring的意思相對，意為“帶去；拿去”，指從說話者所在地把某人或某物帶走或拿走(由近而遠)。例如：Remember to take your books when you leave.fetch意為“去拿來；去請來”(由近而遠，再由遠而近，指往返動作)。例如：Can you fetch some more water for me?carry 指“隨身攜帶”(如搬，提，拿，扛，抬，抱，背，帶等)， She carried her baby in her arms. 她把嬰兒抱在懷里。I never carry much money (with me). 我(身上)從不帶很多錢。call in, call on, call at, call for和call upcall in 作請來、找來、召來解，請人來作某種專業(yè)的咨詢或幫忙的意思。如：Your father is ill, you should call in a doctor at once.你父親病了，應(yīng)該馬上去請個大夫來。call on和call at的意思一樣，都是拜訪訪問，但call on后接表示人的名詞或代詞，call at 后接表示地點或場所的詞語。試比較：I called on the Smiths yesterday.我昨天拜訪了史密斯一家人。I called at the Smiths yesterday.我昨天去了史密斯家。另外，call on還可以號召，后面往往接動詞不定式作賓語補主語。call for 有幾個不同的意思：1作要求、需要、提倡解.call up是打電話之意，相當于ring up或telephone或phone。 如：Ill call you up tomorrow.我明天給你打電話。hear和listen to hear只是強調(diào)聽見了，指聲音傳進了耳朵。 listen to的意思是集中注意力，盡量聽清楚。例如：Listen to me please.請聽我說。 I can hear you.我能聽到你說話。 hear of 聽說 hear from 收到來信(電) hear sb do/doing 聽到某人做I heard him singing. 我聽到他唱歌。hear sth done/being done聽到某事被做I heard him praised. 我聽到他被表揚。discover和inventdiscover指初次看見本來已存在但以前未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物，故作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”解。如：Columbus discovered America but he did not explore the new continent哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲，可是他沒有去探索這個新大陸。invent是指創(chuàng)造前所未有的事物，故作“發(fā)明”解。例：Edison invented the electric light bulb愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈泡。有時候，invent還可作“捏造”解。例：We must invent an excuse for being late我們必須編造一個遲到的理由。join, join in, take part in 和attend1) 加入某黨派、某組織或某社會團體，用join，不可用join in。如： 入團 join the League入黨 join the Party參軍 join the army join還可解釋為“連接”。如： The railway joined the two cities. 鐵路把兩個城市連接起來了。 2) 說參加某種活動用join in，如說“與其他人一起做某事”，則用join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 。如： May I join in the game? 我可以參加這個游戲嗎？ Come and join us in the discussion. 來和我們一起討論吧！ 3)take part in參加(群眾性活動、會議等)，往往指參加者持積極態(tài)度起一份作用。如： Do you want to take part in an English evening? 你想?yún)⒓右粋€英語晚會嗎？ 【注意】take part in是慣用詞組，part前一般不用冠詞，但part前有形容詞修飾時，要用不定冠詞。如： Lincoln took an active part in politics and was strongly against slavery. 林肯積極參加政治活動，強烈反對奴隸制。 attend主要用于參加比較重要的場合與會議 1.出席,參加He did not attend the meeting yesterday. 昨天他沒有參加會議。 2.上(大學等),前往The school was attended almost entirely by local children. 上這個學校讀書的幾乎全是當?shù)氐暮⒆印?3.照料;護理;侍候There was no one to attend him but Tina. 除了蒂娜,再無人照顧他了。 look, see, watch和 readlook為不及物動詞，指看的過程，表示有意識地集中精力去看，但并不一定能看見，多用來喚起別人的注意。其后接賓語時，一定要加介詞at。如： Look！Who is swimming in the river？瞧！誰在河里游泳？ Please look at the blackboard請看黑板。 see用作及物動詞，后接賓語，意為“看見”、“看到”，主要強調(diào)看的結(jié)果，但不一定是有意識地看?！翱瘁t(yī)生”、“看電影”常用這個詞。如： I am looking at the blackboard，but I cant see the words我在看黑板，但看不見上面的字。 You must take your baby to see a doctor你必須帶你的孩子去看醫(yī)生。 We are going to see a film this afternoon今天下午我們打算去看電影。 watch為及物動詞，意為“觀看”、“注視”，指非常仔細地、有目的、全神貫注地“看”?！翱措娨暋?、“看比賽（實驗以及各種表演等）”習慣上用這個詞。如： They are watching a football game他們正在看足球比賽。 read本義為“讀”、“朗讀”。表達“看書”、“看報”、“看信”、“看雜志”時，通常用read。如： Wang Hong is reading the letter from her mother王紅正在看她媽媽的來信。 Dont read in the sun不要在陽光下看書look for和findlook for:意為“尋找”，表動作過程，不表結(jié)果。find：意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，表動作結(jié)果。Im looking for my pen but I cant find it.我正在找我的鋼筆,但找不到。find out：意為“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查出”，一般用于發(fā)現(xiàn)真理、奧秘等抽象事物 Please find out when the first class begins.請查一下第一節(jié)課什么時候開始。receive和acceptreceive表示 “收到”Ive received your invitation.我已經(jīng)收到了你的邀請。accept表示 “接受”Ive accepted your invitation.我接受了你的邀請。speak, tell, say和 talk say一般作及物動詞用，著重說話的內(nèi)容，它的賓語可以是名詞，代詞或賓語從句。 說東西給某人聽： say sth to sb He can say his name. 他會說他的名字。 Please say it in English. 請用英語說。 Shes saying, “Dont draw on the wall.”她在說“別在墻上畫”。 speak強調(diào)說的動作，不強調(diào)所說的內(nèi)容 。作及物動詞時，常以某種語言作賓語。作不及物動詞時，常見的搭配形式有： Speak of sth / sb談到某事（某人）speak to sb 跟某人講話，此外speak還可用于在較為正式的場合了表演講或演說。 Can you speak Japanese? 你會說日語嗎？ She is speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老師說話。 He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在會上講了話。 ta