不定代詞的用法知識(shí)點(diǎn)及練習(xí)題

不定代詞1. 定義所謂“不定”，就是“不確定”“不明確”的意思，所以不定代詞就是指不明確表示代替某特定名詞或形容詞的代詞，如someone意為“某人”，something意為“某事”或“某物”，many表示“許多人”或“許多物”，a few表示“幾個(gè)人”或“幾個(gè)事物”，等等。（1）普通不定代詞some; anyfew; littlenone 沒(méi)有一個(gè)one other 其它的many; mucheither兩者中的一個(gè); neither兩者都不each; everyboth; all some與any一般說(shuō)來(lái)，some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。如：肯定句：He asked some questions. 他問(wèn)了一些問(wèn)題。否定句：He didnt ask any questions. 他沒(méi)有問(wèn)任何問(wèn)題。疑問(wèn)句：Did he ask any questions? 他問(wèn)了些問(wèn)題沒(méi)有?但是，在表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)或征求意見(jiàn)的句子中，希望對(duì)方的肯定回答，通常要用 some 而不用any。如： Shall I get some for you? 要我?guī)湍隳眯﹣?lái)嗎? Since you have plenty of them, why not give her some? 既然你有那么多，為什么不給她一些呢?any 有時(shí)也用于肯定句中，表示“任何”的意思。如：Any of these may suit you. 這些中間的任何一個(gè)都可能適合你。另外，漢語(yǔ)可說(shuō)“任何都不”，但英語(yǔ)不能說(shuō)anynot。因?yàn)榘从⒄Z(yǔ)習(xí)慣，any總是要出現(xiàn)在否定詞not的后面，而不能出現(xiàn)在它的前面。如：我想任何學(xué)生都回答不了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。正：I dont think any student can answer this question.正：I think no student can answer this question.誤：I think any student cant answer this question.第一句用的是notany，故正確;第二句用的是no，相當(dāng)于notany，也正確;第三句用的是anynot，就錯(cuò)了。 many與much兩者意思相同，都表示“許多”，但用法不同，many用于修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞;而much用于修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞。如： Many trees fell in the storm. 在暴風(fēng)雨中許多樹(shù)倒了。 Much money has been wasted that way. 很多錢(qián)都這樣浪費(fèi)了。+不可數(shù)名詞little 幾乎沒(méi)有a little 有點(diǎn)兒 few, a few與 little, a little+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)few 幾乎沒(méi)有a few 有幾個(gè) He has few friends here,he feels lonely. 他這里沒(méi)朋友,他感覺(jué)寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket. 籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。 There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里沒(méi)有墨水了,你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎? This book is a little more difficult than that one. 這本書(shū)比那本書(shū)難一點(diǎn)。 all與bothall指三者或三者以上的人或物,既可代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞也可代替和修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both指兩個(gè)人或物,用來(lái)代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。 Both of my parents like sports. 我的父母都喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。 All of us should work hard.我們都應(yīng)努力工作. either與neithereither意思是“兩個(gè)中間的任何一個(gè)”；neither意思是“兩個(gè)都不”。 He wrote to either of them. 他給他們中的一個(gè)人寫(xiě)了信. -Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train.你坐公車(chē)去還是坐轎車(chē)去？一個(gè)都不坐,我坐火車(chē)去。 another,the other the other指兩個(gè)人或物中的一個(gè)。 He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有兩個(gè)女兒，一個(gè)是護(hù)士，另一個(gè)是工人。 another指同類(lèi)事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一個(gè)。I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三個(gè)女兒。一個(gè)是護(hù)士，另一個(gè)是教師，還有一個(gè)是工人。 （2）復(fù)合不定代詞 復(fù)合不定代詞指的是由some, any, every, no后接thing, one, body等構(gòu)成的一類(lèi)代詞。somebody（某人）anybody（某人/任何人）nobody（沒(méi)有人）everybody（每人）someone（某人）anyone（某人/任何人）no one （沒(méi)有人）everyone（每人）something（某事）anything（某事/任何事）nothing（沒(méi)有東西）everything（每一件事） 這些復(fù)合不定代詞只有名詞的性質(zhì)，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。 I have something to tell you. 我有一些事情要告訴你們。 復(fù)合不定代詞如果有其它的形容詞修飾，形容詞必須后置。 Someone has just come to see you. 有個(gè)人剛剛來(lái)看你。 Theres nothing wrong with the machine. 機(jī)器沒(méi)有毛病。 當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞，如everybody, nobody, anyone等時(shí)，其反義疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)通常用代詞they; 當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞，如everthing, anything, something, nothing等時(shí)，其反義疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)通常用代詞it。Everybody is here, arent they? Everything is ready, isnt it? everyone 的意思等同于everybody,只能指人； every one既可指人也可指物。Id like everyone to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福。I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保存下來(lái)。練習(xí)題1He cant hear you, because there is _ noise here.Avery muchBtoo muchCmuch tooDso many2There isnt _ water in the cup.AanyBmanyCsomeDthe3The bottle is empty. There is _ in it.AanythingBsomethingCnothing4-“There isnt _ water here. Could you get _ for me?”-“All ringht.”Asome; someBany; anyCsome; anyDany; some5There are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand.AbothBallCeveryDeach6These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _ one.AotherBothersCthe othersDanother7“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like _ , because theyre not useful.”AbothBeitherCallDneither8They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest.AanyBsomeCnoneDneither9“Havent you forgotten _ ?”“ _ ,oh, I forgot my bag.”Aanything; Excuse meBsomething; Excuse meCsomething; PardonDeverything; Pardon10Be quiet! I have _ to tell you.Aimportant anythingBanything importantCimportant somethingDsomething important11- _ of the boys in Class Four are play