高中一年級英語 Unit1語言點.doc

Unit 1 Friendship 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)重點詞匯與短語add up, upset, ignore, point, calm, concern, cheat, go through, set down, purpose, dare, power, suffer, settle重點句型1. It/ This/ That is(was)+the first/the second/.time that從句2. While/ When doing.3. It is . doing.知識講解重點詞匯upset【原句回放】Your friend comes to school very upset. 你的朋友來上學(xué)時心煩意亂?！军c撥】upset adj. 心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的(通常不置于名詞前)What made you so upset? 什么讓你心煩意亂？be upset about/over/at sth. 為某事煩心She was really upset about the way her father treated her. 她為父親對她的態(tài)度而煩惱。He was upset at not being welcomed. 他因不受人歡迎而生氣。 vt. (upset，upset，upsetting) 使不安；使心煩；弄翻，打翻；打亂，擾亂（計劃等）His fathers death upset him very much. 他父親的死去讓他心煩。A large wave upset the boat. 大浪打翻了那條船。upset a plan打亂計劃Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她的造訪打亂了我們周末的安排。 The rain upset our plan for a picnic.大雨打亂了我們野炊的計劃?！就卣埂?sth.) upset sb.（某事）使某人心煩意亂(sb.) upset sth.（某人）打/弄翻某物He made a movement and upset his glasses. 他動了一下，打翻了眼鏡。upset ones stomach使（腸胃）不適Cheese often upsets her stomach. 奶酪使她感到腸胃不適。ignore【原句回放】You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 你會不顧鈴聲，去一個安靜的地方安慰你朋友?！军c撥】ignore vt. （故意）不理睬，忽視；不顧，忽略（不計）She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看到他來了，但無視他。I cant ignore his rudeness any longer. 我再也不能無視他的粗魯無禮了。The policeman ignored personal danger to save a little girl. 警察不顧個人危險救小姑娘?！就卣埂縤gnorance n. 無知，愚昧，不知道 ignorant adj. 無知的，愚昧的，不知道的 be ignorant of sth不知道某事To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse. 說你不知道規(guī)則不是借口。calm【原句回放】go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 去一個安靜的地方使你朋友冷靜下來?！军c撥】calm adj . 平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的，沉著的The high wind passed and the sea was calm again. 大風(fēng)過后，大海又平靜了。She tried to keep calm about it. 她盡力冷靜對待這件事。vi. 平靜，鎮(zhèn)靜。常用于calm down, 表示“平靜下來”。The situation calmed down slowly. 狀況慢慢平息了。vt. 使平靜，使鎮(zhèn)靜，常用于calm sb. down。At last we calmed him down. 最終我們使他平靜下來了。calm down 作不及物動詞短語時，意為“（人）冷靜下來；（風(fēng)、海等）平靜下來”；作及物動詞短語時，意為“使（人）沉著，使（人）沉住氣”。concern 【原句回放】You will tell your friends that you are concerned about him/ her. 你會告訴你的朋友你很關(guān)心他/她?！军c撥】concern vt. 涉及，關(guān)系到，參與；(使)擔(dān)心，(使)操心 concern sth. /sb. 與有關(guān)系concern oneself with/ about sb. / sth. 忙于；關(guān)心be concerned about/for sb. /sth. 使擔(dān)憂；使煩惱 = be worried about sb./ sth.Were all concerned for her safety. 我們都為她的安全擔(dān)心。These problems concern all. 這些問題牽涉到所有人。She concerns herself with her sons future. = She is concerned about her sons future. 她關(guān)心他兒子的未來。The experts are concerned about the growth in the worlds population. 專家們在擔(dān)心世界人口的增長。n.U關(guān)心，擔(dān)憂；C關(guān)心的人（或）事；There is now considerable concern for their illness. 對他們的病有相當(dāng)多的擔(dān)憂。Its no concern of mine/ yours. 不關(guān)我的（你的）事。What are your main concerns as a writer? 作為作家，你感興趣的事是什么？【拓展】Concerned adj. 關(guān)心的，擔(dān)憂的，焦慮的，相關(guān)的（作定語需后置）；Im concerned that they may have got lost. 我擔(dān)心他們可能已經(jīng)失蹤。as/ so far as sb./ sth. is concerned =in ones opinion 就某人/某事物而言, 在某人看來concerning prep. 關(guān)于 The car is fine as far as the engine is concerned. 就發(fā)動機而言，這車不錯。cheat【原句回放】，asks you to help him/ her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper. 讓你幫助他作弊，讓他看你的試卷。【點撥】cheat vt. 騙??；欺詐（某人）cheat sb. (out) of sth. 騙某人某物They cheated the old woman of her house and money. 他們騙取了老婦人的房屋和錢財。 vi. 行騙；欺詐；作弊；作假；He never cheats to pass exams. 他從不以作弊的方式通過考試。n. 欺騙 (行為) ；騙子The sheets Ive bought are a cheat. 我買這些床單上當(dāng)了。【拓展】cheat sb. into doing sth. 騙某人做某事 cheat on/at/ in 作弊；欺詐；行騙 dare【原句回放】I didnt dare open a window 我不敢打開窗戶【點撥】dare作實義動詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化；后跟動詞不定式，但在否定句中不定式的符號可以省略。He dares to walk alone at night. 他敢晚上獨自散步。He doesnt dare to take it home. 他不敢把它帶回家。dare作情態(tài)動詞一般用于否定句、疑問句和條件句，后面跟動詞原形，沒有to，不用于肯定句中（除了在I dare say這樣的習(xí)語中）。How dare you ask me such a question？ 你怎么能問我這個問題呢？I darent ask you because I thought I must be wrong. 我不敢問你，我想我肯定錯了。power【原句回放】.the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power. 雷電交加，我全然被這種力量鎮(zhèn)住了?！军c撥】power n. 能力；力量；權(quán)力 The police have the power to detain offenders.警察有權(quán)利拘留罪犯。【拓展】powerful adj. 強有力的；強大的powerless adj. 無力量的；軟弱的powerfully adv. 強大地have the power to do 有權(quán)利做某事brainpower智力；political power政權(quán)electric/waterpower電/水力；power station發(fā)電站come into power掌權(quán)（動作）；be in power掌權(quán)（狀態(tài)） suffer: 【原句回放】she suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. 她忍受了孤獨，但是在那兒她不得不學(xué)著喜歡它?！军c撥】suffer v. 遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷suffer sth 遭受痛苦, 遭受損失suffer from 患有 (病痛), 為所苦He often suffers from headaches at night. 他晚上飽受頭疼之苦。He died quickly; he didnt suffer very much. 他很快死了，沒有受很多苦。The company suffered a great loss because of the air crash. 由于這次空難，這家公司遭受巨大損失。suffer for 為而受苦Ill make you suffer for this insolence. 我會使你為這種傲慢態(tài)度而吃苦頭。settle【原句回放】 She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place. 她發(fā)現(xiàn)在藏身之處要安定并冷靜下來很難?！军c撥】settle vt. & vi. 安排; 安放; 安家, 定居 After years of travel, we decided to settle here. 周游數(shù)年后，我們決定在這兒安頓下來。He settled himself on the sofa to watch TV. 他舒適地待在沙發(fā)上看電視。(使)安定 This pill will help to settle your nerves. 這藥片有助于安撫你的神經(jīng)。vt. 解決; 決定; 調(diào)停 Its time you settled your dispute with him. 是時候解決你和他之間的爭端了。支付, 結(jié)算 The account is not yet settled. 這筆賬尚未付清。 vi. (鳥等) 棲息 The bird settled on a branch. 鳥棲息在樹枝上。【拓展】settle down定居, 過安定生活；When are you going to marry and settle down? 你們什么時候結(jié)婚安頓下來？settle down (使)安靜下來, 平靜下來Wait until the children settle down before you start the lesson. 等孩子們安靜下來你就開始上課。settle down to 專心致志于The constant interruptions stopped me settling down to my work. 不斷的打擾讓我沒法用心工作。settle on決定, 選定We must settle on a place to meet. 我們必須定下一個見面的地方。重點短語add up【原句回放】Add up your score and see how many points you get. 把你的分?jǐn)?shù)加起來，看你得了多少分?！军c撥】add vt. & vi. 加，添，增加；相加；補充說Thats all I want to say. Is there anything youd like to add？我想說的就那些，你還有要補充的嗎？add.to. 把加到/進(jìn)里Add 6 and 6 to make 12. 六加六是十二。Do you want to add your name to the list? 你想把名字增加到名單中嗎？ add to 增加，增添（后多接抽象名詞）The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 壞天氣增加了我們的困難。add up sth./add sth.up 把加起來add up to 加起來共計/達(dá)（不用于被動語態(tài))If the tea is too strong, add some more water. 如果茶太濃了，多添點水吧。add that. 補充（說）add up加起來總計；前后一致; 合理His story just doesnt add up. He must be lying. 他的故事前后不一致，他準(zhǔn)在撒謊?！就卣埂縩. addition 加；增加的人或事物 adj. additional 附加的；另外的；外加的go through 【原句回放】 ., or would not understand what you are going through? 會不理解你目前的處境呢？【點撥】go through: to experience, suffer 經(jīng)歷；遭受（大多是痛苦的事情）He went through a hard time while his wife was sick. 他妻子生病的時候，他經(jīng)歷了一段艱難的日子。 go through: to examine carefully, search, discuss in detail 仔細(xì)檢查；詳細(xì)討論The police went through the pockets of the suspected thief. 警察仔細(xì)搜查了疑似小偷的口袋。Lets go through the plan again.讓我們再詳細(xì)地討論這項計劃吧。go through 看完 How long will it take to go through the book? 讀完這本書要多少時間? go through 通過，穿過（賓語常常是立體的東西） 【拓展】pass through 通過，穿過；經(jīng)歷，遭受John passed through a difficult period shortly after his marriage broke down. 婚姻破裂不久, 約翰經(jīng)歷了一段短暫的艱難時期。She said she was passing through Paris and would like to have a chat with me. 她說她要路過巴黎, 想跟我聊一聊。set down 【原句回放】I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. 我不愿意像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬?！军c撥】set down 放下，擱下；記下，寫下 How shall I set myself down in the hotel register? 在旅館的登記簿上，我該如何寫明自己的身份呢？【拓展】set about (doing) sth. 著手（做某事）set out (to do sth.)開始，著手（做某事）set aside 留出；不顧set back （把鐘等）往回?fù)?；推遲set free 釋放；解放 set up開辦；建立；設(shè)立set off 動身，出發(fā)（去某地）；使爆炸set out 動身，出發(fā)；著手；安排，組織set an example 樹立 set fire to.=set.on fire縱火燒 on purpose【原句回放】, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven 我熬到十一點半故意不睡覺【點撥】purpose n. 目的，意圖；a/ the purpose in doing 做某事的目的 What is your purpose in doing this？你這樣做的目的是什么？the purpose of 的目的 The purpose of the meeting is to elect a new captain. 這次會議的目的是選出新的隊長。on purpose 故意地，特意地If you joke with him, hell think you are hurting him on purpose. 如果你跟他開玩笑，他會認(rèn)為你故意傷害他。重點句型【高清課堂：詞匯精講unit1 P24】It is/was the first/ second/ .time that+現(xiàn)在完成時/過去完成時【原句回放】It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face. 已經(jīng)有一年半的時間，我第一次和這個夜晚面對面。（意思是即使在夜晚也不能出來看看外面的景色。）【點撥】句中It is/was the first/ second/ .time that+現(xiàn)在完成時/過去完成時，表示“某人第幾次做某事”。如果前面是It is.，后面用現(xiàn)在完成時；前面是It was., 后面用過去完成時。It is / was the first /second time that sb. have/ had done sth. 某人第一/二次做，that可省略，從句時態(tài)需用現(xiàn)在完成時或過去完成時。 翻譯下面句子：這是我第一次來中國。It was the first time that I had been to China.那是妻子第四次勸他戒煙。 It was the fourth time that his wife had persuaded him to stop smoking.上述兩個句子是指一次事件，描述的過去發(fā)生的事情，主句用的是一般過去時，從句都用了過去完成時。While/ when doing.【原句回放】While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 遛狗的時候，你不夠細(xì)心，狗跑開了，并且被車撞了?！军c撥】我們需要注意的是：“While walking the dog,.”意思是“While you were walking the dog,.”，其實是省略了從句部分的主語和be動詞。我們看看在什么情況下可以省略從句的主語和be動詞呢？在很多狀語從句中，比如時間、條件、讓步等狀語從句中，如果主句的主語和從句的主語相同（比如上句中主句主語為you，從句主語也是you），而且從句中的謂語動詞又含有be的某種形式（you were walking），從句中的主語和be可以省略。我們看看下面幾個句子：When I was traveling in London (=When traveling in London), I happened to meet a former classmate. 當(dāng)我在倫敦旅游時，碰巧遇到一位以前的同學(xué)。Though he is tired (= Though tired), he still keeps on writing the diary. 盡管累了，他仍然繼續(xù)寫日記。She wont attend the meeting, unless she is invited (= unless invited). 除非被邀請，否則他不會參加會議。上面幾個句子中，主句的主語和從句的主語一致，而且都含有be動詞的某種形式，所以我們可以省略從句的主語和be動詞，這樣能使句子顯得更加簡潔。 It is . doing.【原句回放】Its no pleasure looking through these any longer. 觀看這些已經(jīng)不再是樂趣。 【點撥】 在這個句子中，It 是形式主語，looking through these是真正的主語。Its no pleasure后面如果接動詞形式的話，一定是接doing形式?！就卣埂款愃平Y(jié)構(gòu)：It is no us