初中英語(yǔ)冠詞講解及練習(xí).doc

第三課時(shí) 冠詞一.概念 冠詞是一個(gè)虛詞,它置于名詞之前,限定名詞的意義.冠詞可分為定冠詞,不定冠詞和零冠詞三類(lèi).二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講不定冠詞： 1. a用于輔音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的詞前, 如：a book; an用于元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的詞前，如：an apple, an hour. 請(qǐng)區(qū)別：a useful machine, an umbrella, a “u”, an “h”。1. a/an 用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。 a book a boy a man a bird a dog an hour an interesting book a big dog a dangerous aminal 【練習(xí)】 判斷正誤： a story( ) a bread ( ) a paper（ ） a bag（ ）a pretty woman（ ） a school ( ) a useful book ( )2.表示類(lèi)別：這種用法是指某人或某物屬于某一種類(lèi)，或者指某一種類(lèi)的人或物中的任何一個(gè)或一件，或者指某一種類(lèi)的人或物，但不具體說(shuō)明是何人或何物。例如：That is a pen, not a pencil.那是鋼筆而不是鉛筆。（指屬于某一種類(lèi)）Give him a pear, please!請(qǐng)給他一個(gè)梨。（指某一種類(lèi)中的任何一個(gè)） Listen! A boy is singing in the classroom.3.和 one 的區(qū)別： a/an 表示類(lèi)別 種類(lèi) One 強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量 a bus （表示是一輛公交車(chē) 而不是一輛小汽車(chē) 也不是火車(chē)） one bus (強(qiáng)調(diào)是一輛車(chē) 而不是兩輛或三輛)There is a cat under the chair.椅子下面有一只貓。（強(qiáng)調(diào)種類(lèi)）There is one cat under the chair.椅子下邊有一只貓。（強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量）4. 表示基本單位，作“每一”講。例如：three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo six class a day thirty miles an hour等。定冠詞：一： the 表示特指。表示名詞所指的人或事物是同類(lèi)中的特定的一個(gè)，以別于同類(lèi)中其他的人或事物，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)中的“那個(gè)”或“這個(gè)”的意思。 the book in my bag the boy under the tree the apples in the basket the hospital near my home 二：可以和單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也可以和不可數(shù)的名詞連用。 the books the book the rice the bread the football the old man the interesting book the teachers the women 三：用法： 1）. 定冠詞的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或物。Do you know the girl in a red skirt?你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿紅裙子的女孩嗎？Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中國(guó)的首都。2）. 再次提到上文提到過(guò)的人或物，應(yīng)該用定冠詞the。例如：Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.There is a boy under the tree.The boy is my brother. 3）. 指談話(huà)雙方都知道的人或物。例如：Lets go and give it to the teacher.咱們?nèi)グ阉唤o老師吧。Open the door，please!請(qǐng)打開(kāi)門(mén)。4）. 用于某些固定詞組中。例如:in the morning / afternoon / evening 等。5）. 用在形容詞前表示一類(lèi)人。the old 老人 the young 年輕人the rich富裕的人 the poor_ the deaf _ the blind_6）. 用在表示“姓”的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示一家人或夫婦二人。例如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England.The Greens came to China two years ago .7）. 用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的表示場(chǎng)所的專(zhuān)有名詞前。the Great Wall 長(zhǎng)城 the Summer Place頤和園 the United States 美國(guó) the October Revolution 十月革命 the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army 中國(guó)人民解放軍 the Long March 長(zhǎng)征8）.用在序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)前 The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class. He is the tallest one in our class. 9）.世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙） the globe太陽(yáng)系 the universe 宇宙 the atmosphere大氣層The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun. 10）.在世紀(jì)，年代名詞前用冠詞。 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s 20世紀(jì)80年代 in the nineteenth century 二十世紀(jì)11）.在江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋、群島、海峽、海灣運(yùn)河前用the。 the Changjang River 長(zhǎng)江 the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋12）.在介詞短語(yǔ)中常用定冠詞the，如：in the box ,behind the chair。13）.不能用定冠詞the的幾個(gè)方面： (1)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年等詞前不用冠詞。如：in summer, in August 請(qǐng)區(qū)別：in the spring of 1945. (這里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)名不用冠詞。如：have breakfast ,play football(3)一些固定詞組中，如：go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.14）.在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無(wú)冠詞意思不同，請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別： in front of 在前面, in the front of 在范圍內(nèi)的前部 in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里。零冠詞：一：所謂零冠詞，即指不使用冠詞的情況：二：用法：1.在專(zhuān)有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。Im going to England next week for a holiday.下周我將要去英國(guó)度假。2.可數(shù)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)的物主代詞my, your, his, her等；指示代詞this/ these, that/those; 不定代詞some, any等及所有格限制時(shí)。The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里。3.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類(lèi)人或事物時(shí)。My father and mother are teachers. 我的父親和母親是教師。4.在星期、月份、季節(jié)、節(jié)日前。Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teachers Day.The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 注意 如月份、季節(jié)被一限定性定語(yǔ)修飾，要加the：He joined the Army in the spring of 1982. 他在1982年春季參軍。5.在稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜的名詞前。Happy Teachers Day, Miss Zhao! Here it is, Mom!6.在學(xué)科名稱(chēng)、三餐飯和球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)名稱(chēng)前。Can you play basketball? We are having lunch. I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我認(rèn)為漢語(yǔ)比其它學(xué)科更普及。7.固定詞組：與by連用的交通工具名稱(chēng)前：by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship名詞詞組：day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there介詞詞組：at home在家 at noon在中午 at night在晚上 at work在工作 in hospital在住院 in bed躺在床上 in surprise驚奇地 on foot步行 on duty值日 on time準(zhǔn)時(shí) on holiday在度假 on business經(jīng)商 on show展覽 on top of在頂部 for example例如 go短語(yǔ)：go home回家 go to bed上床睡覺(jué) go to school去上學(xué) go to work去上班go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去買(mǎi)東西/游泳/劃船/釣魚(yú)練習(xí)： 一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. We work five days _ week. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. _book on the desk is _ useful one. A. The; an B. A ; a C. The ; a D. The ; /3. We cant see _ sun at _ night. A. a; / B. a; the C. the; /.D. the; the4. After _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ piano. A. the; the B. /; the C. /; a D. /; / 5. I have two dogs._ black one is two years old and _ yellow one is three years old.A. A; a B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the6. Ive tried it three times. Let me try _ fourth time. A. a B. an C. the D. /7. In the word poridge _ r is lost. A. the B. an C. a D. /8. English is _ useful language in _ world. A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. an; an9. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River. A. The; a B. A; / C. A; the D. An; an 10. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table. A. a; The B. an; The C. an; An D. the; An11. Have you seen _ bag? I left it here just now. Is it _ one on the chair near the door?A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a12. I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some13.This is _ apple. Its_ big apple. A. an; a B. a; the C. a; an D. an; the14. They passed our school _ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the15._ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school.A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the16.This is _interesting story-book and it is also _ useful one. A. a; a B. an; an C. an; a D. a; an17. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _bus.A. an; / B. an; a C. a; / D. /; /18. Bill is _English teacher. He likes playing _ football. A. a; the B. an; the C. a; / D. an; /19. Shanghai is in_ east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a20. Beijing is _ beautiful city. Its _ capital of China. A. a; a B. the; the C./; the D. a; the21. Bill had _apple in one hand and _orange in the other.A.a , a B.an , an C.a , the D.the , the22. Is there _“s”in the end of the word? A.an B.a C.the D. /23 My brother will be back in half _hour. A.a B.the C.an D.one24. The word “your” has _“y”,_“o”_“u”and _“r”in it.A.a, a, an, a B.a , an , a , a C.a , an , a , an D.an , an , a , a25. This is_usefull book for beginners in _English. A.a , an B.a , C.a , a D.the , the26. _ book is very usefull. I bought it from_unknown little town. A.A , a B.The, a C.The,the D.The , an 27. He is _university student. A.a B.an C.the D. /28. English is_language. It is_important tool. A.a ,a B.a, an C.the,an D.a , 29.It took me _hour and _half to finish_work. A.a,a,a B.an,an,the C.an,a,the D.an,a,30. _steel worker makes steel. A./ B.A C.This D.These31. There is _bridge over there._bridge is made of wood. A.the,The B.a,A C.the,A D.a, The32. Shut _door,please. A.the B.a C.an D.33. _girl in _Grade Three is _tallest in our school. A.The,the,the B.A,a,a C.The,the D.A,a34. _moon moves around_earth,and they both are smaller than _sun.A.The,an,a B.A,the,the C., D.The,the,the35. _Browns are sitting at _breakfast table. A.,a B.The, C.The ,the D.,the36. He does reading aloud in English in _morning.A.a B.the D.These D./37. _young should care for help _old. A.The,a B.The,t