英語單詞屈折變化總結(jié).doc

動詞的過去式和過去分詞不規(guī)則變化分類記憶表1. AAA動詞原形過去式過去分詞costkstcostkstcostkst花費(fèi)cutktcutktcutkt割，切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受傷hithithithithithit打，撞letletletletletlet讓putputputputputput放下readri:dreadredreadred讀setsetsetsetsetset安排，安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展開，傳播，涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt關(guān)上,閉起,停止?fàn)I業(yè)2. AAB動詞原形過去式過去分詞beatbi:tbeatbi:tbeatenbi:tn 打敗3. ABA動詞原形過去式過去分詞becomebikmbecamebikeimbecomebikm變comekmcamekeimcomekm來runrnranrnrunrn跑4. ABB（1）在動詞原形后加一個輔音字母d, t或ed構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。動詞原形過去式過去分詞burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃燒dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解決dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做夢hearhiheardh:dheardh:d聽見hanghhanged/hunghhanged/hung絞死，懸掛learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt學(xué)習(xí)lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit點(diǎn)燃,照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:vn證明,證實(shí),試驗(yàn)shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun,n使照耀，使發(fā)光showushowedshowed/shownun展示,給.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt聞,嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼寫wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/wokenwukn醒來，叫醒,激發(fā)（2）把動詞原形的最后一個輔音字母“d”改為“t”構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。動詞原形過去式過去分詞buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借給rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建,重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花費(fèi)（3）原形oughtought動詞原形過去式過去分詞bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t帶來buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t買fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想(4)原形aughtaught動詞原形過去式過去分詞catchktcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教（5）變其中一個元音字母動詞原形過去式過去分詞digdidugddugd掘(土),挖(洞、溝等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到getetgottgot/gottentn得到holdhuldheldheldheldheld擁有，握住，支持leadli:dledledledled引導(dǎo),帶領(lǐng),領(lǐng)導(dǎo)meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇見sitsitsatstsatst坐shootu:tshottshott射擊spitspitspit/spatsptspit/spatspt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插進(jìn),刺入,粘住,winwinwonwnwonwn贏（6）原形lt/pt/ft動詞原形過去式過去分詞feelfi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft離開sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡覺sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept掃(7)其它動詞原形過去式過去分詞layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋,放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed說standstndstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,ndstndunderstood,ndstnd明白loselu:zlostlst,l:stlostlst,l:st失去havehvhadhd,hd,dhadhd,hd,d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld賣tellteltoldtuldtoldtuld告訴retell,ri:telretold,ri:tuldretold,ri:tuld重講，重復(fù)，復(fù)述5. ABC（1）原形過去式原形+(e)n動詞原形過去式過去分詞blowblublewblu:blown吹；重?fù)鬱rivedraivdrovedruvdrivendrivn駕駛drawdr:drewdru:drawndr:n畫畫eati:tateet,eiteateni:tn吃fallf:lFellfelfallenf:ln落下giveivgaveeivgivenivn給growrugrewru:grownrun生長forgivefivforgavefeivforgiven原諒,饒恕knownuknewnju:,nu:known知道m(xù)istakemisteikmistookmistukmistaken弄錯；誤解,overeatuvi:toverate,uvreitovereaten(使)吃過量provepru:vprovedproven/proved證明，證實(shí)，試驗(yàn)taketeiktooktuktakenteikn,teikn拿throwruthrewru:thrownrun,run拋，扔rideraidroderudriddenridn騎seesi:saws:seensi:n看見showushowedshowed/shownun展示writeraitwroterutwrittenritn寫（2）原形過去式過去式+(e)n動詞原形過去式過去分詞breakbreikbrokebrukbrokenbrukn打破choosetu:zchosetuzchosentuzn選擇getetgottgot/gottentn得到hidehaidhidhidhiddenhidn隱藏forgetfetforgotftforgottenftn忘記freezefri:zfrozefruzfrozenfruzn冷凍,結(jié)冰，感到嚴(yán)寒speakspi:kspokespukspokenspukn說stealsti:lstolestolenstuln偷(3)變單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母“i”分別為“a”（過去式）和“u”（過去分詞）。iau動詞原形過去式過去分詞beginbiinbeganbinbegunbin開始drinkdrikdrankdrkdrunkdrk喝singsisangssungs唱sinksiksanksksunksk下沉,沉沒swimswimswamswmswumswm游泳ringrirangrrungr打電話（4）其它動詞原形過去式過去分詞be(am,is,are)was/werebeen是bearbboreb:born/borneb:n負(fù)擔(dān),忍受dodu:,du:diddiddonedn做flyflaiflewflu:flownflun飛gouwentwentgonen去lielailayleilainlein躺wearwworew:wornw:n穿tearwtorew:tornw:n撕動詞原形變第三人稱單數(shù)的規(guī)則1、大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加“S”在清輔音后發(fā)音為s，在濁輔音及元音后發(fā)音為 z。如： stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; playplays z 2、以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，要先將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，然后在加“es”讀iz 如： flyflies z； carrycarries z studystudies z; worryworries 3、以“s, x, ch, sh”結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加“es”，讀iz 如：teachteachesiz; watchwatches iz4、以“o”結(jié)尾的動詞，加“es”，讀z， 如： gogoes z dodoes z 下面幾個動詞變?yōu)閱螖?shù)時，原詞的元音部分的發(fā)音發(fā)生了較大的變化，請注意記憶。 如： 1、do du:does dz 2、say seisays sez 以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾的開音節(jié)詞，如果尾音是s，z時，加“s”后字母“e”發(fā)音， 與所加“s” 一起讀做iz。 如： closecloses iz動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1、一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping注意：以y結(jié)尾的，直接加ing，不能把y去掉！4、以-ie結(jié)尾，先將-ie改成y，再加-ing。例如：tying，dying, lying口訣：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行ing, 以e 結(jié)尾要去e，除去幾個特殊詞，系住tie-tying死去die-dying要躺下lie-lying，直接ie變成y,5、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的，要雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母再加-ing。以下為常見的需要雙寫加ing的詞。swim-swimming run-running put-putting sit-sitting begin-beginning plan-planningcut-cutting get-getting shop-shopping chat-chatting stop-stopping regret-regrettingdig-digging prefer-preferring trek-trekking但是：listen-listening 因?yàn)閘isten前面重讀，ten部分不是重讀音節(jié)，所以不能雙寫。而eat-eating 因?yàn)閑at輔音字母t前面有兩個元音字母，故不能雙寫！write-writing不雙寫，不要受written干擾！形容詞副詞比較級最高級變化形式歸納規(guī)則變化單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞后面直接加-er , -est原級比較級最高級talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest特別提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞末尾加er和est。如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾只加-r，-st原級比較級最高級nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest“以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞改y為i，再加-er, -est原級比較級最高級easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest以一個元音加一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞（即重讀閉音節(jié)詞），雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er，-est原級比較級最高級slimslimmerslimmestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerbiggest特別提醒：new, few, slow, clean等詞含有字母組合，且發(fā)的是長元音，不用雙寫。大部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)的詞(即音標(biāo)中含有三個或三個以上元音音素的詞)，要在前面加more，most原級比較級最高級beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantinterestingmore interestingmost interestingexpensivemore expensivemost expensivepopularmore popularmost popular特別提醒：以形容前綴un構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest,untidy-untidier-untidiest以形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞要在前面加more，most原級比較級最高級slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrilymost angrilysoftlymore softlymost softlynoisilymore noisilymost noisily特別提醒：early -earlier-earliest由-ing分詞和-ed分詞形式的形容詞加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級。原級比較級最高級interestingmore interestingmost interestingexcitedmore excitedmost excitingtiredmore tired mosttiredboringmore boringmost boring不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestlittlelessleastbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestmany/muchmoremostoldolder/elderoldest/eldest特別提醒：further不僅可以指“距離更遠(yuǎn)”，還可指“程度更深”。如：further education(繼續(xù)教育) further information (進(jìn)一步的信息) further study(進(jìn)修) elder僅用于同輩之間的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐) elder brother (哥哥)less作為“更少”僅用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少”要用fewer。少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加more, most構(gòu)成比較級和最高級，這類形容詞一般為表語形容詞和由過去分詞變成的形容詞。afraid - more afraid, most afraid tired - more tired , most tiredfond - more fond , most fondglad - more glad , most gladbored - more bored , most boredpleased- more pleased , most pleased下列形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級有兩種形式，即：既可加-er/-est也可加more/mostcruel, strict, often, friendly, clever下列形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高級（即表示“最高程度”或“絕對狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最高級）empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely .-ly詞尾1、有些詞后面加上-ly構(gòu)成形容詞：如：friendly, motherly, likely2、一般地，形容詞后面加上-ly變成該形容詞的副詞：如：beautifulbeautifully但是：1）形容詞后面加上-ly變成另一個形容詞，如：deaddeadly致命的， 2）有些詞的后面加上-ly變成另一個副詞，如：hard辛苦的hardly幾乎不near附近的nearly幾乎 close靠近的closely密切地3、-ble、-ple結(jié)尾的形容詞，去掉詞尾的字母e，直接加y構(gòu)成副詞，如：possible