小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法習(xí)題.doc

Lesson 1 日常用語(yǔ)1.Hello/Hi 的用法 Hello 的意思為“您好” 一般可作為熟人親朋好友之間的打招呼用語(yǔ),語(yǔ)氣比較隨便例如： Hello,Wu Yifan! Hello,Tom! Hello 也可以用以引起某人注意常用在打電話時(shí)或者在路上碰見(jiàn)熟人時(shí),相當(dāng)于中文中的“喂”有時(shí)也可用Hi 來(lái)代替hello 但前者顯得更隨便。2. Nice to meet you. 很高興認(rèn)識(shí)到你。表示兩個(gè)人是第一次見(jiàn)面，以前不認(rèn)識(shí)。Nice to see you. 很高興認(rèn)見(jiàn)到你。表示認(rèn)識(shí)了之后，再次相見(jiàn)。 -Nice to meet you. -Nice to meet you too.3. Good morning/ afternoon/evening. 早上/下午/晚上好。 例如陳潔和艾米在早上遇見(jiàn)了會(huì)這樣說(shuō)-Good morning, Chen Jie. -Good morning, Amy.4. How are you? Fine, thank you. How are you? Very well,thanks. 你好嗎？ 我很好，謝謝。 多用于熟人之間，親戚朋友之間。5. How do you do? 你好！ 表示初次見(jiàn)面的禮貌用語(yǔ)?；卮鹑匀皇牵?How do you do? 你好！6.Goodbye. 再見(jiàn)。 有時(shí)可以說(shuō)：Bye. / See you. 分別的時(shí)候要有禮貌說(shuō)：Goodbye。 他人仍以Goodbye.回答。7. Whats your name？ My name is .或者直接回答 I am / Im. 你的名字是什么? 我的名字是. /我是.8. Im Sorry。英語(yǔ)常用口語(yǔ)句子，表示歉意、難過(guò)、惋惜、不安、或遺憾、內(nèi)疚等，多數(shù)時(shí)候譯為“對(duì)不起”、“我很抱歉”或“請(qǐng)?jiān)彙?。其非正式說(shuō)法為Sorry?？梢赃@樣回答： It doesnt matter. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。Never mind. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。Not at all、Thats all right、Thats OK、Its nothing. 這幾句都表示“沒(méi)關(guān)系”，F(xiàn)orget it. 忘掉它。 Im sorry Im late. 對(duì)不起,我遲到了。 It doesnt matter. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。Im sorry I cant help you. 對(duì)不起,我不能幫你了。 Never mind. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。9Thank you ./ Thanks.表達(dá)了對(duì)他人的感謝?？梢赃@樣回答：You are welcome. Its my pleasure. Not at all。10. Excuse me可以用于：當(dāng)你打擾別人的時(shí)候，意思是：不好意思，打擾了。還可以用在尋求別人幫助的時(shí)候，用在句子開(kāi)頭。例如：Excuse me, whats the time, please?11. This is .可以用語(yǔ)介紹某人。例如：This is my friend Tom. 這是我的朋友Tom。 This is Mr Green.這是Green先生。12. OK. /Great./All right. /Thats OK./Yes. 可以表示贊成，好的。13.Sorry, I dont know. 對(duì)不起，我不知道。 I dont think so.我不這么認(rèn)為。14.Can I help you? 我可以幫你嗎？你需要什么？ May I have? 我需要.Lesson 2 你我他 人稱代詞和物主代詞 1 人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前，賓格一般位于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。如：I help him. 2物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時(shí)后面一般要帶上名詞，名詞性則單獨(dú)使用，后面不帶名詞。一、 請(qǐng)?zhí)顚?xiě)并熟記表格：主格我你他她它我們你們他們I heweyou賓格我你他她它我們你們他們youheritthem形容詞性物主代詞我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的myhisitsourtheir名詞性物主代詞我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的yoursherstheirs二、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5._dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_?(you)6.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_?(she)7.Icanfindmytoy,butwheres_?(you)8.Show_yourkite,OK?(they)9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_.(it)10.Arethese_tickets?No,_arenot_._arenthere.(they)11.Shall_havealookatthat classroom. That is classroom.(we)12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she ) 13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he ) 14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _parents. ( they ) 15. Dont touch _. _ is not a cat, _ is a tiger! (it) 16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she ) 17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _.(we)18. So many dogs. Lets count .(they) are lovely. (they)19. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he ) 20. May I sit beside _? ( you ) 21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ） 22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )三、按要求寫(xiě)單詞1. 翻譯 I they we yours them hers 2.寫(xiě)出賓格 he they we she it you 3.寫(xiě)出名詞性物主代詞I you he she it we they 四意思不變，換一種寫(xiě)法。1. This is my book. 2. Thats our new classroom. 3. This is his pencil-box. 4.These are her crayons. 5. Those are their footballs. 6. This ruler is mine. 7. That chair is hers. 8.These robots are theirs. 9.Those apples are ours. 10. That toy bear is Amys. 11. These books are yours. Lesson3 重要的單詞1beBe動(dòng)詞：1: am is are was were （ was是am is 的過(guò)去式，were 是are的過(guò)去式) 口訣：我用am，你用are, is 用在他她它，單數(shù)是is,復(fù)數(shù)全用are.2: be的肯定句和否定句 直接用am is are是肯定句，在am is are后面加not是否定句。期中is not=isnt are not=arent.肯：I am a boy. 否： I am not a boy.肯：He is in the living room. 否：He isnt in the living room.肯：My teacher is tall and strong.否：His brother isnt hard-working.肯：We are hungry. 否：We arent hungry。3：一般疑問(wèn)句 把a(bǔ)m is are 提到句子最前面，其他照寫(xiě)，注意大小寫(xiě)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。 I am a Chinese.- Am I a Chinese? 肯回 Yes, you are. 否回 No, you arent. They are American.-Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. The cat is fat. -Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. My friends are polite.Are your friends polite? Yes, they are. No,they arent.一、 用be 動(dòng)詞填空1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. I _ a girl.2. The girl_ Jacks sister. She _ tall. Her eyes _big.3. The dog _ tall and fat. Its tail _ short. Its legs _ strong. 4. The man with big eyes _ a teacher. He _ strict. 5. _ your brother in the classroom? His books _ in the classroom. 6. Where _ your mother? She _ at home. We _ in the park.7. How _ your father? _ he kind? No,he _.8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. They _ good friends.9. Whose dress _ this? -_it yours? - Yes, it _.10. Who _ I ？ You _ Tom. You _my friend.11. That _ my red skirt. This_ your blue dress. 12. -Who _ I? -_ you Tom ? -Yes, I _.13.The books _ on the desk. The bag _ under the chair. 14. Here _ an apple for you. 15. Here _ some peaches for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me. The milk_ for you.19. Some tea _ in the glass. Some cakes _ on the table.20.Gao shans shirt _ over there. He not helpful boy.21. My sisters name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil. 23. _ David and Helen from England(英國(guó)）? 24. There _ a girl in the classroom. 25. There _ some apples on the tree. 26. _ there any kites in the classroom? 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread on the plate. 29. There a boy, two girls in the room.30. There two girls ,a boy in the room.31. Where your teacher? 32. Where your teachers?33. There an apple,three oranges and five pears on the table.34. There three oranges, an apple and five pears on the table.二、修改句子1. This ia an big elephant.否定句 一般疑問(wèn)句 肯定回答 否定回答 2. They are fresh vegetables.否定句 一般疑問(wèn)句 肯定回答 否定回答 3.These oranges are sweet.否定句 一般疑問(wèn)句 肯定回答 否定回答 4.I am a hardworking boy.否定句 一般疑問(wèn)句 肯定回答 否定回答 5. We are from China.否定句 一般疑問(wèn)句 肯定回答 否定回答 Lesson4 重要的單詞2have/has一Have(has)的基本用法總結(jié)1. have作“有”講，強(qiáng)調(diào)“所屬關(guān)系”，含有“擁有”之意。其主語(yǔ)一般是人，有時(shí)也可以是物。例：I have a new classmate. 我有一個(gè)新同學(xué)。They have many new books. 他們有許多新書(shū)。Wu Yifan has a little brother. 魏華有個(gè)小弟弟。This table has four legs. 這張桌子有四條腿。2. have可以作“買(mǎi)”講。I want to have a kilo of beef. 我想買(mǎi)一公斤牛肉。May I have a new pen? 我可以買(mǎi)支新筆嗎？3. have作“用、使用”講Excuse me, may I have your bike, please? 打擾了，我可以用（借用）你的自行車(chē)嗎？4. have+表示動(dòng)作的名詞（這類(lèi)名詞常由同形的動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)），意為“做（某事）”（=do sth. )。have a drink (of)喝一點(diǎn)（）have a look(at)（朝）看一眼have a rest休息一下have a swim游泳這些短語(yǔ)常用于口語(yǔ)，這里的have可以用take替換。5. have+表示一日三餐的名詞，意為“用餐”。have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早飯/午飯/晚飯。have dinner吃飯，吃晚飯。6. have+表示食品、飲料等的名詞，意為“吃；喝”（=eat, drink）。have(some) bread吃面包have eggs(for breakfast)（早餐）吃雞蛋have(a cup of )tea 喝（一杯）茶這里的have也可以用take替換。7 have+表示某種活動(dòng)的名詞，意為“進(jìn)行；舉行”。have a class（學(xué)生）上課have a sports meeting開(kāi)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)have a party舉行聚會(huì)8. have+表示疾病的名詞，意為“患（?。?，有時(shí)也用have got。have a bad cold患重感冒have (got) a cough咳嗽have(got) a headache頭痛9. have+表示一段時(shí)間的名詞，表示“經(jīng)歷；度過(guò)”。have a good time 度過(guò)快樂(lè)的時(shí)光，玩得愉快have a good summer holiday度過(guò)愉快的暑假。二、 have/has的句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. 否定句主語(yǔ)+dont (doesnt)+have +。We dont have any water here. 我們這兒沒(méi)有水。This wall doesnt have a window in it. 這面墻上沒(méi)有一個(gè)窗戶。2. 一般疑問(wèn)句： Do (Does)+主語(yǔ)+have+?肯定回答：Yes, 主語(yǔ)+do (does).否定回答：No, 主語(yǔ)+dont (doesnt). 例：Do you have a ruler? 你有尺子嗎？Yes, I do . /No, I dont. 是的，我有。/不，我沒(méi)有。Does Lucy have a twin sister? 露茜有個(gè)孿生姐姐嗎？Yes, she does. /No, she doesnt. 是的，有。/不，沒(méi)有。注意：do，does是助動(dòng)詞，do用于第一、二人稱單、復(fù)數(shù)和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)；does用于第三人稱單數(shù)形式。回答一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)用人稱代詞表示；否定回答中dont或doesnt 一般不分開(kāi)寫(xiě)。注意：have (has)表示“有”時(shí)，一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。另外，在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)“有”講時(shí)，have/has的一般疑問(wèn)句可以把have/has直接提前，當(dāng)have/has作助詞時(shí)表示完成時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)也可以直接提前。例：They have a book. Have they a book?三、 “have”與“there be句型”的區(qū)別（詳見(jiàn)there be句型）1. have意為“有”，指所屬關(guān)系；2. there be表示“某地有某物”，意指“存在”。Theres a book on the desk. 桌子上有本書(shū)。Xiao Wang has an English-Chinese dictionary. 小王有本英漢字典。四、用have has 填空1. I _ (have) a cat. 16.We _ (have) a dog.2. He _ (have) a dog. 17. Do you _ (have) any birds?3. She _ (have) long hair. 18. Amy _ (have) cats.4.We _ (have) a big house. 19. It _ (have) a big nose.5.They _ (have) a happy family. 20. She _ (have) some rice.6.It _ (have) a short tail. 21. Dogs _ (have) good noses.7.You _ (have) a good teacher. 22. Tigers _ (have) sharp teeth.8.Elva _ (have) two big eyes. 23. The desk _ (have) four legs.9.Tom _ (have) a red pen. 24. John _ (have) round face.10.My mother _ (have) a beautiful nose. 25. I _ (have) an old bag.11. Sarah _ (have) some hot beef. 26. Does it _ (have) a mouth?12. You _ (have) a new teacher. 27. Girls _ (have) nice dresses.13. My grandpa _ (have) a cooking class. 28. He_ (have) new balls.14. Our father _ (have) some tea. 29. Teachers _ (have) old pens.15. My sister _ (have) some old dresses. 30. Cats _ (have) four legs.五、選擇題請(qǐng)將正確答案的序號(hào)填在（）。 ( ) 1. I big eyes. Ahave B. has C. am ( )2.They got five trains. A. have B.has C.am ( )3.She got a big bedroom. A. have B.has C.is ( )4.My toy dog big ears. A. are B.has C.is ( )5. We dinner at seven oclock. A. have B.has C.are( )6 Tom and I got a football. A. have B.has C.are ( )7.It got big leaves. A. have B.has C.is ( )8.Can he lunch now? A. have B.has C.is （ ）9. I a boy. I a new bag. A. am has B. am have C. is have ( ) 10. He a friend. He happy. A. is have B. has are C. has is 六、把下列句子改成否定句，一般疑問(wèn)句并肯定否定回答。1. I have many friends.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 2. He has two hamburgers.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 3. We have P.E on the Fridays.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 4. Her father has two brothers.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 5. Amy has some beef.否定句： 一般疑問(wèn)句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： Lesson 5 名詞名詞的概念：1.名詞是指：表示 的詞語(yǔ)。2.名詞的分類(lèi)：按照是否可數(shù)，可以分為：（1） 可數(shù)名詞：能以數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算的名詞 例：apple book.單數(shù)形式 與 復(fù)數(shù)形式（2）不可數(shù)名詞：不能數(shù)目計(jì)算的名詞 :例: beef rice water.習(xí)題：把下列名詞分類(lèi)： rice fish hamburger sandwich egg desk computer water elephant pear kite tree meat ice cream cheese boat teacher hat bread juice coffee tea 可數(shù)名詞： 不可數(shù)名詞： 二、可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1、規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)大部分可數(shù)名詞，直接在單詞末尾+s;bookbooks appleapples tigertigers Sunday-Sundays以-s,-x,-z,-sh,-ch結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞，在單詞末尾+es;busbuses foxfoxes brushbrushes peach-peaches以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞，變y為i,再+es;babybabies bodybodies flyflies cherrycherries 以f,fe 結(jié)尾的 變f為v,再加eswolfwolves scarfscarves knifeknives 如果單詞以”o結(jié)尾：（1）有生命的，加es，如：potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,hero-heroes(這三個(gè)詞的記憶口訣-”英雄“愛(ài)吃”土豆“和”西紅柿“)（2）無(wú)生命的，加s，如：photo-photos(照片),radio-radios(收音機(jī))2、不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)manmenwoman-women policemanpolicemen postmanpostmenfootfeet toothteeth goosegeese fishfish sheepsheep peoplepeople mousemice childchildren3. 不可數(shù)名詞，則沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，或者就用它本身tea ， bread beef soup milk water juice pork rice4. 其他詞語(yǔ)的復(fù)數(shù)I we youyou he/she/itthey thisthese that-those三、寫(xiě)出下列單詞復(fù)數(shù)形式photo dress man boy monkey fish tiger bird orange peach watch fox dress bus wife nose face foot mouse ship plane dog cat horse house window class butterfly baby family woman firman tooth child toy boy girl brother photo tomato thief scarf ruler bag policewoman sheep hero box wolf people pencil tea milk rice milk water grass pork chicken I he it she this that 四、名詞單數(shù) （1）名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)，一律看作單數(shù)。 （2）可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)前什么時(shí)候用a，什么時(shí)候用an？ 答：以元音音標(biāo)（或音素）開(kāi)頭的用an。如：e ei.常見(jiàn)發(fā)元音的字母是：a e i o (u ) 單詞：an egg an apple an orange以輔音音標(biāo)（或音素）開(kāi)頭的用a。 如：a pear a bag 注意：我們看的是音標(biāo)（或音素），而不是元音字母。 選擇a或an或不填（用/表示） pen bag apple big apple egg umbrella elephant eye ear nose mouth banana orange orange bag orange pen 五、課后練習(xí)（一）、適當(dāng)形式填空1. I have two_ (knife) She has one (ruler). He has five (box).2. There are many _ here. (box) 3.There are many _ on the road. (bus) 4. A few _ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 5. The _ are playing football now. (child)6. Peter likes eating (apple), but Tom likes eating (peach)7. (a) elephat is big. Its nose (be) long. Its (leg) are strong. Its (eye ) are small. Its (body) is big.8.Lookatthose_.(child)9.Ihavetwo_(knife)10.Therearemany_ontheroad.(bus)11.Afew_aredrawingonthewall.(boy)12.The_areplayingfootballnow.(child)13.Icanseea_standingnearthedoor.(policeman)14.Doyouwantsome_fordinner?(potato)15.Inautumn,youcanseealotof_ontheground.(leaf)16.Hehastwo_.Oneisblue,theotherisyellow.(box)17.Two_liveinthisbuilding.(family)18.Mr Green has two (dog), ten (sheep) ,five (cow) and eight (horse) on his farm.（二）選擇填空1、 There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has 3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German D.Japanese, Germans 4. Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6. Theoldmanwants.A.sixboxesofapples B.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapples D.sixboxsofapples7.Theresome intheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish8.There two inthebox. A.iswatch B.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatches9.Weshouldclean twiceaday.A.ourtooth B.ourtooths C.teeth D.ourtee