新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語4課后翻譯.docx

Unit 1英譯漢If you ask me, real life is not all its cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. Its just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan,the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all thats before Ive had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if Im interested in buying a pension. And this rate, I wont even last till the end of the year, let alone till Im 60. 依我看，現(xiàn)實(shí)生活并沒有人們想象的那么美好。我們上了12年的中、小學(xué)，又上了3年大學(xué)， 這期間老師們一直在沒完沒了地談?wù)撛趥涫芎亲o(hù)的學(xué)生生活之外的那個(gè)廣闊天地里的各種機(jī)會(huì)，可我遇到的又是什么呢？ 無論我怎么想保持心情愉快，可麻煩事總是接踵而來：有時(shí)是跟人發(fā)生矛盾(尤其是跟男孩子，天哪！他們什么時(shí)候才能長大？)，但通常是為錢發(fā)愁。這個(gè)地方什么東西都很貴！人人都想從我身上賺點(diǎn)錢：稅務(wù)局要收個(gè)人所得稅，銀行經(jīng)理要我償清學(xué)生貸款，房東催我交房租、燃?xì)赓M(fèi)、水費(fèi)、電費(fèi)，手機(jī)賬單也不斷地寄來。所有這些還沒算上吃飯的錢。更可氣的是，不知從哪里冒出一個(gè)自作聰明的家伙我打電話，問我要不要買養(yǎng)老金。照這樣下去，我甚至都支撐不到年底，更別提活到60歲領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金了。漢譯英我認(rèn)為，選修第二專業(yè)并不合適每一位本科生。我大學(xué)本科主修英語專業(yè)，大一時(shí)就開始輔修經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)了。無疑，我是班里最用功的學(xué)生。我竭盡全力想同時(shí)達(dá)到兩個(gè)不同專業(yè)的要求，但還是有不及格的時(shí)候。因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)需要良好的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，我不得不花大量時(shí)間鉆研數(shù)學(xué)，因而忽略了英語學(xué)習(xí)。 第二學(xué)期，英國文學(xué)及宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)兩門課不及格給我敲響了警種，這可是我一生中第一次考試不及格，這大大打擊了我的自信心。雖然我不是一個(gè)容易向命運(yùn)低頭的人，在暑假結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我還是決定放棄經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，以免兩個(gè)專業(yè)都難以完成。當(dāng)我只需修一個(gè)專業(yè)的時(shí)候，一切似乎又回到了正軌。 If you ask me, taking a second major isnt good for every undergraduate. In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was the most hardworking student in my class. But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldnt do well enough to pass all the exams.Given that the study of economics required a good command of mathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English major. Failing English Literature and Macro-economics in the second semester sounded the alarm for me. This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence.Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail in both subjects. Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again. Unit 2英譯漢 Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another.Few indeed are those which give the impression of originality, either in style or in content.Rare are the unique books less than 50, perhaps, out of the whole storehouse of literature.In one of his recent auto-biographical novels, Blaise Cendrars points out that Rmy de Gourmont, because of his knowledge and awareness of this repetitive quality in books, was able to select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature.Cendrars himselfwho would suspect it?is a prodigious reader. He reads most authors in their original tongue.Not only that, but when he likes an author he reads every last book the man has written, as well as his letters and all the books that have been written about him.In our day his case is almost unparalleled, I imagine.For, not only has he read widely and deeply, but he has himself written a great many books.All on the side, as it were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer,a man who has known how to “waste” his time royally. He is, in a sense, the Julius Caesar of literature.不容置疑的是，大多數(shù)書都互相重復(fù)，在文體或內(nèi)容上讓人感到具有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的書實(shí)在是少之又少。在整個(gè)文學(xué)庫藏中，只有極少數(shù)作品-或許不到50本-是獨(dú)具一格的。在最近出版的一部自傳體小說中，布萊斯桑德拉爾指出，古爾蒙之所以能夠選擇并通讀文學(xué)領(lǐng)域中一切值得讀的書籍，就是因?yàn)樗R(shí)淵博，并且了解書的這種重復(fù)性。桑德拉爾本人就是一個(gè)博覽群書的人，沒有人會(huì)懷疑這一點(diǎn)。他閱讀了大部分作家的原作。不僅如此，一旦他喜歡上一個(gè)作家，他就會(huì)閱讀這個(gè)作家寫的每一本書，包括他的書信以及所有有關(guān)他的書籍。我猜想，在當(dāng)今世界上，幾乎沒有人能像他一樣，不僅讀的廣、讀得精，而且還著述頗豐。可以說這一切都是在業(yè)余時(shí)間完成的。因?yàn)樯５吕瓲柺且粋€(gè)十足的行動(dòng)家，一個(gè)四處跋涉的冒險(xiǎn)家和探險(xiǎn)家，一個(gè)懂得如何“肆意浪費(fèi)”時(shí)間的人。從某種意義上說，他是文學(xué)界的凱撒大帝。漢譯英 張磊是在畢業(yè)工作后才開始意識(shí)到讀書的樂趣的。反思自己的大學(xué)教育時(shí)，他感慨不已：他的一些同學(xué)都沉浸于從圖書館或書店找到的各種有趣的書籍，而他卻只讀了一些教科書，其中連一本真正能讓他愛不釋手、值得一讀的書都沒有。他可以說是被剝奪了通過書了解作家奇妙世界的特權(quán)。 如今，他嗜書如命，廢寢忘食，好像要把大學(xué)期間沒機(jī)會(huì)讀的好書全都讀一遍。到目前為止他已經(jīng)利用業(yè)余時(shí)間讀了幾百本小說、傳記和游記。他意識(shí)到書不僅能向他展示一個(gè)充滿希望的前景，幫他消除現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的壓力和疲勞，而且能夠幫他澄清一些誤解，找到生活的真諦。 It was not until after he had graduated from university and started to work that Zhang Lei became aware of the pleasure of reading. Reflecting on his undergraduate studies, he lamented that he, unlike his classmates who had immersed themselves in various interesting books they were able to lay hands on from the library or bookshop, had only read textbooks, none of which was really worthwhile, or could be read in one sitting. He was deprived of the privilege of gaining access to the writers fantastic worlds through the windows their books have opened, so to speak. Now he has become an avid and omnivorous reader. It is as if he wants to make up for those marvelous books he hadnt had a chance to read in his university days. By now, in his spare time, he has read several hundreds of books, including novels, biographies and travel notes. He realizes that books can not only reveal to him the vista of a hopeful future and help him withstand stresses and strains, they can also help him clear up some misconceptions and discover the true meaning of the life.Unit 3英譯漢： 有時(shí)候，所謂的裙擺標(biāo)志甚至能夠預(yù)示股市的行情。2007年9月的紐約時(shí)裝展展示了2008年春節(jié)流行式樣，潮流轉(zhuǎn)向了長衣、長裙，裙擺長及小腿中部，甚至到了腳踝。有人覺得這表明裙擺標(biāo)志靠不住了，服裝設(shè)計(jì)師已經(jīng)喪失了對時(shí)裝的主宰權(quán)。2008年9月，在倫敦和紐約時(shí)裝展中，裙擺的高度繼續(xù)降低。果然，2008年秋天金融危機(jī)襲擊歐美，并波及全球，股指急劇下跌。這時(shí)，裙擺不再被動(dòng)地追隨股市的變化，而是預(yù)示股市行情及未來的經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢。漢譯英：What you wear seems to dictate the kind of person you are supposed to be. Take primary school and high school students for example. One of the hard and fast rules they have to observe is that they must wear uniforms at school. There is no doubt that school uniforms would not have achieved their currency without a symbolic correlation between the uniformity of clothes and the students conformity to some common code of conduct.However, after years of school life, there is always a backlash secretly nursed in the students mind against the ubiquitous uniform which suppresses the expression of individuality. To compensate for this loss, students try to hunt for more casual and popular clothes and wear them on weekends. It is not until they start university, however, that they can really enjoy the freedom of dress, an anarchy associated with the cultivation of creativity and the encouragement of the free expression of ideas and talents. But this situation wont obtain for long. After a relatively short time of liberty, they may experience again the revived pressure of dress code as soon as they become professionals.Unit 4英譯漢： 如今，盡管我們大多數(shù)人是因相愛而結(jié)婚，婚姻從根本上講仍然是金錢上的結(jié)合。不管是工作的努力程度，還是決定消費(fèi)多少或儲(chǔ)蓄多少，我們生活中想要得到的-或不想得到的-許多東西歸根結(jié)底都跟錢有關(guān)。對有些人來說，他們想要的就是一周工作80小時(shí)來支付第三套房的房款和鄉(xiāng)村俱樂部的會(huì)員費(fèi)；而對另一些人來說，他們想縮短上班時(shí)間，花更多的時(shí)間陪伴家人。 “關(guān)于錢的許多爭論是提示我們想如何生活的密碼，而生活方式的許多選擇則與如何花錢密切相關(guān)。”賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)沃頓商學(xué)院的商業(yè)及公共政策助理教授貝齊史蒂文森如是說，他研究婚姻和離婚經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。 專家們說，夫妻共同做出這些選擇是維護(hù)婚姻資產(chǎn)及婚姻關(guān)系的最重要的方法之一。當(dāng)然，如果夫妻雙方一開始就在錢的問題上看法相似，或者至少能夠在錢的問題上互相妥協(xié)，那么事情就好辦多了。漢譯英：When it comes to the effects of the current economic downturn, the decrease of student activities is a good case in point. To enliven campus life, the university is always willing to carve out money for activities organized by student clubs and societies, but such sponsorships have been pared down this year because of huge budget cut. Apparently, student organizations need to weather their own financial crisis if they want to recover from their current state of inactiveness. Some suggest enrolling more club members, on the ground that the consequent increase of membership fees may help them get out of the difficulty.No doubt, if we have more members paying the annual fee, and if we cut back on our daily expenses, we can spare some money for organizing activities. But the bottom line is that the expenses of these activities are in proportion to the number of participants. Im afraid this wont be of much help. To boost student activities and to avoid going into the red, we still need to pool our ideas and come up with some other ways of raising money, in lieu of relying only on university grants and membership fees.Unit 5英譯漢： 女人一填表就會(huì)暴露自己的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)的申請表會(huì)給出四種稱謂選擇。男人只有一種選擇，即“先生”（Mr.），這除了表明他們是男性之外沒有其他任何含義。女人則必須從三種稱謂中選一個(gè)，而任何一種都是標(biāo)記性的。如果一位女士勾選了“太太”（Mrs.）或者“小姐”（Miss）的稱謂，那么她不僅暴露了自己的婚姻狀況，而且還表明她在稱謂方面很保守，或許在其他價(jià)值觀念方面也很保守。如果她選擇“女士”（Ms.）這一稱謂，那么說明她拒絕透露自己的婚姻狀況（而男士選“先生”這個(gè)稱謂時(shí)則沒有故意隱瞞任何事情，因?yàn)楸緛砭蜎]有要求他透露婚姻信息）。另外，在表格中勾選“女士”這一稱謂的人會(huì)被標(biāo)記為思想解放的人或叛逆者，這就要看評判她的人持什么樣的態(tài)度和看法了。我有時(shí)會(huì)選擇“博士”頭銜，以避開這幾種帶標(biāo)記的稱謂選項(xiàng)。但這么做又會(huì)給自己帶來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，標(biāo)明自己要么驕傲自大（于是乎招來譏諷的反應(yīng)，比如“對不起，我不知道你是博士！”），要么是一個(gè)成功欲過強(qiáng)的人（那么對方的反應(yīng)就是祝賀時(shí)的驚奇，比如“你真行！”）。漢譯英：Our presumptions about what ideal husbands or wives are like reveal a lot about our gender expectations as well as our responses to them. If most girls want their fiancs to be tough, capable and reliable, there is no more option left for young men other than to be trained as tough, capable and reliable if they want to win girls heart. If they act to the contrary, they will most probably bemoan their bachelors status for the rest of their lives. Following the same unwritten rule, if most boys expect their fiances to be caring, patient and faithful more than anything else, girls are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not the type.Looking into such gender expectations, we may find that they are based on both physiological and social factors. It goes without saying that women are physically prepared to bear children, whereas men are utterly unfit for the job. Therefore, a family is better-off when its male members devote their time to providing food and other necessities for it.Unit 6英譯漢：歷史學(xué)家不需要掌握特殊的技能去確定陶瓷或大理石殘片的起源與斷代、解讀一段意義隱晦的銘文的含義、或是為確定一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的日期而進(jìn)行繁復(fù)的天文計(jì)算。這些所謂的基本事實(shí)對所有的歷史學(xué)家來說都是一樣的，它們是歷史學(xué)家可用的原始素材，而非歷史本身。我要說的第二點(diǎn)是，之所以有必要確定這些基本的事實(shí)并不取決于事實(shí)的可靠性，而是取決于歷史學(xué)家事先做出的判斷。盡管C.P.司各特的那句箴言深入人心（注：司各特的箴言comments are free, but facts are sacred.“事實(shí)不可歪曲，評述大可自由”），但是現(xiàn)在每一名新聞?dòng)浾叨贾酪绊懘蟊娸浾?，最有效的方式就是對特定的事?shí)進(jìn)行選擇和剪接。人們以前常說事實(shí)不言自明。這種說法顯然是錯(cuò)誤的，歷史事實(shí)只是在歷史學(xué)家用到時(shí)才會(huì)不言自明。哪些事實(shí)可以現(xiàn)身說法，以及這些事實(shí)以什么樣的順序或是在什么樣的情景中出現(xiàn)都是由歷史學(xué)家來決定的。 我記得皮蘭德婁筆下的一個(gè)人物曾經(jīng)說過：事實(shí)就像一個(gè)麻袋不塞點(diǎn)東西進(jìn)去就立不起來。我們之所以對1066年發(fā)生在黑斯廷斯的戰(zhàn)役感興趣的唯一原因就是歷史學(xué)家把這一戰(zhàn)役看作是一個(gè)重大的歷史事件。歷史學(xué)家們依照自己的推斷，認(rèn)為凱撒穿越那條小河盧比孔河是一個(gè)史實(shí)，但沒有人對在他之前或是之后幾百萬其他人穿過這條河的舉動(dòng)感興趣。你半個(gè)小時(shí)之前或徒步、或騎車或開車來到這幢大樓，這件事和當(dāng)年凱撒渡過盧比孔河一樣都是一個(gè)關(guān)于過去的客觀事實(shí)。( 這一段長句較集中。第二句的定語從句譯成漢語時(shí)可拆分成并列句。注意 a priori decision和the appropriate facts 的譯法。)漢譯英：To make the campus safer, the university authorities recently released a new regulation th