【考點(diǎn)突破】人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修三學(xué)案：Unit1 Festivals around the world語(yǔ)法篇.doc

unit1 festivals around the world語(yǔ)法篇_掌握本單元重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，并能熟練應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相關(guān)語(yǔ)法解決相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法練習(xí)一、 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說(shuō)話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。本單元學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。1. may 與might的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句may與might表示允許、許可。否定答語(yǔ)一般要用mustnt，表示“禁止、阻止”之意。- may i watch tv after supper?- yes, you may. / no, you mustnt.在表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí), might比 may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些。在日?？谡Z(yǔ)中，用can征詢對(duì)方意見(jiàn)更為常見(jiàn)。-might i use your telephone?- yes, please.- may / can i go home now?- yes, you may / can.表示可能性的推測(cè)，含有“或許”“大概”“可能”之意，用might代替may時(shí)，則語(yǔ)氣顯得更加不肯定。what he said may be true.she may come tomorrow.he might have some fever.2. can與could的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句 can與could表示能力some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year.表示客觀的可能性it will be sunny in the daytime, but it could rain later on this evening.表示請(qǐng)求和允許- can i go now?- yes, you can. 表示請(qǐng)求,口語(yǔ)中常用could代替can,使語(yǔ)氣更加婉轉(zhuǎn)could you wait a few day for the money?could you please show me the way to the station?表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度（主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和驚嘆句中）can this news be true?it cant be the headmaster. hes gone to beijing.how can you be so foolish!3. will與would的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句 will與would用于表示意志或意愿。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去i will never do that again.they said that they would help us. 表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，用would比用 will委婉、客氣些will you please take a message for me?would you please pass him the book?表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，譯為“總是”“慣于”。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過(guò)去fish will die without water.every evening, she would sit by the window, deep in thought. 表示預(yù)料或猜想it would be about ten when he left home. i thought he would have told you about that. 用于否定句中，表示“不肯”“不樂(lè)意”no matter what i said, he wouldnt listen to me.4.shall與should的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)what shall we do next?shall i do the washing-up?when shall my brother be able to leave hospital?用于第二、第三人稱的陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅you shall go with me. ( 命令)you shall have a new dress for your birthday.（允諾）he shall be punished.（威脅）should表示勸告或建議，作“應(yīng)該”講we should be strict with ourselves.you should keep your promise. 表示推測(cè)，作“可能”、“該”講the roads should be less crowded today. i should have finished reading it by friday.why / how + should結(jié)構(gòu)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)謀事不能理解、感到驚異等意思，譯為“竟會(huì)”why should you be so late today?（你今天怎么來(lái)的這么晚？）i dont know why you should think that i did it.（我真不明白你憑什么認(rèn)為這件事是我干的。）5. must, may (might) 和can表示“推測(cè)”的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法例句must只能用于肯定句，表示可能性很大的一種推測(cè)，作“肯定”“一定”講(1)- look, someone is coming. who can it be?- it may be the headmaster. -it cant be him. he has gone to shanghai. - then it must be mr. zhang. he looks like the headmaster.(2)- what can they be talking about? -they may / must be talking about the question raised at the meeting.(3)- can they have finished the work? - yes, they may / must have finished it. - no, they cant have finished the work so soon. - then they must have played so much. may /might用于肯定句中（可能，或許，大概）；用于否定句中（可能不）。表示可能性較小的一種推測(cè)can表示推測(cè)時(shí)，只用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中6.should與ought to用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)shouldought to1表“應(yīng)該”表勸告、建議you should listen to the doctors advice.we should learn from zhang hua.“有責(zé)任有必要”做某事you ought to finish your work before you go home.we ought to help each other.2表“估計(jì)”they should get home by now.“非?？赡堋钡氖?，可譯為“總應(yīng)該”if we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch. 注意：1）should還可在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的使用2) 注意：ought to的疑問(wèn)式及否定式-ought he to go? -yes, i think he ought to. -no, he oughtnt to. 否定式：oughtnt to do (不說(shuō)ought to not do)反疑問(wèn)句：oughtnt _?7.need與dare用法對(duì)比點(diǎn)needdare1.情態(tài)v.+動(dòng)詞原形1）否定式2）疑問(wèn)式 he need not (neednt) go.-need we do it again?-no, you neednt do it again.he dare not say so.dare she go out alone at night?how dare you say im unfair?if he dare do that, hell be punished.i dare say. (固定用法)2.實(shí)義v.+to do 1）肯定式2）否定式3）疑問(wèn)式he needs to go.he doesnt(does not) need to go.does he need to do it again?no, he doesnt need to do it again.he dares to say.he does not (doesnt) dare to say.if you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare i.3. did not need to do表示過(guò)去沒(méi)必要做she didnt need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.(她沒(méi)有參加)8. used to與would用法used towould1.表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)，重在與現(xiàn)在情況的對(duì)比，不一定要有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。i used to play cards a lot, but now i seldom play.my hometown is not what it used to be.1.只表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。i would go to see my grandfather on sunday when he was in the middle school.2.would后只接表動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，不接表認(rèn)識(shí)或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞he used to be nervous in the exam.2. 表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣有時(shí)可互換：when we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.3. 表示過(guò)去的次數(shù)時(shí)，不能使用：( ）we went to the great wall five times when we were young.( x ) we used to go / would go to the great wall five times when we were young.注：used to do的否定式：usednt to do 或didnt use to do (usednt也可寫(xiě)作usent)疑問(wèn)式： did you use to do? didnt you use to do? used you to do? usednt you to do?例1.（2014北京卷27.）_ i have a word with you? it wont take long.a. can b. must c. shall d. should解析：本題考察的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本意義辨析。can能夠，可能；must必須，一定；非得；shall將要；should應(yīng)該；句意：我可以和你談?wù)剢幔坎粫?huì)花很多時(shí)間的。根據(jù)句意可知本題使用can i？表示詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是否允許。如：can i use your dictionary? 我可以使用你的字典嗎？答案：a。例2.（2014大綱卷）30. although you _ find bargains in london, its not generally a cheapplace to shop.a. should b. need c. must d. can解析：should應(yīng)該，竟然；need需要；must必須，一定；非得，偏偏；can能夠，可能，有時(shí)會(huì)；根據(jù)句意“盡管你有時(shí)可能會(huì)在倫敦找到便宜貨，但總得說(shuō)來(lái)那不是一個(gè)購(gòu)物的便宜的地方?！备鶕?jù)句義可知can表示有時(shí)可能，有時(shí)會(huì)；答案：d。例3.（2014湖南卷）-ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.-do you mean we_ bring anything with us?a. cant b. mustnt c. shant d. neednt解析：本題考察的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意義辨析。cant不可能；不能；mustnt禁止，千萬(wàn)不能；neednt不必；不需要；根據(jù)句意“-我已經(jīng)為野餐準(zhǔn)備了各種食物。”“-你是指我們不必帶任何東西了？”根據(jù)句意可知前者已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備了一切食物，所以后者不需要帶任何東西。答案：d。例4.（2014江蘇卷）it was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food.a. might b. would c. should d. could解析：本題考察的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊意義。might也許；would會(huì)，過(guò)去常常做某事；should應(yīng)該，竟然；could能夠；根據(jù)句意“讓我難過(guò)的是，如此貧窮的他們竟然給我?guī)?lái)了食物?！备鶕?jù)句意可知本句中的should表示“竟然”。答案：c。例5.（2014江西卷）life is unpredictable; even the poorest _ become the richest.a. shall b. must c. need d. might解析：根據(jù)句意“生活是無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)的，甚至最貧窮的人也許會(huì)成為最富有的人?！备鶕?jù)前句“l(fā)ife is unpredictable.”說(shuō)明一切都有可能，所以使用might表示存在的可能性。答案：d。基礎(chǔ)演練1.（2014陜西卷）my book, the house of hales, is missing. who _ have taken it?a. need b. must c. should d. could 2.（2014四川卷）i still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to disneyland at weekends.a. might b. must c. would d. should3.hows your tour around the north lake? is it beautiful? it be, but it is now heavily polluted.a. might b. would c. should d. must4.（2014重慶卷）ive ordered some pizza , so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.a. cant b. dare not c. neednt d. may mot 5. write in simple english in order that everybody _ understand you. a. may b. must c. should d. will6. you _ miss the lecture, though you _ have it.a. mustnt; neednt b. neednt; mustnt c. mustnt; mustnt d. cant; neednt 7. - better not have the operation right now.- _.a. i mustnt b. i shouldnt c. i wont d. i cant8. the train was ten minutes late, so i _ have run all the way from my house to the station.a. couldnt b. shouldnt c. neednt d. mustnt9. im not going simply because i dont see why i _. a. will b. would c. should d. shall10. - _ you make so much noise?- sorry, ill take care not to.a. must; b. can c. may d. wouldkeys： 1-5: dccca 6-10accca鞏固提高一、用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空1. there is 20 minutes left. we _ (not) have to be in such a hurry. 2. where is my watch? i really cant find it. where _ it be? 3. the doctor told the old man that he _avoid eating fat. 4. its too late. i think he _ go to bed. 5._ you mind my troubling you with a few questions?二、單項(xiàng)選擇1. you _ return the book now. you can keep it till next week if you like.a. cant b. mustnt c. neednt d. may not2. a computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. a. cant b. couldnt c. may not d. might not3. could i borrow your dictionary? yes, of course you _. a. might b. will c. can d. should4. peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. a. must b. may c. can d. will5. shall i tell john about it? no, you _. ive told him already. a. neednt b. wouldnt c. mustnt d. shouldntkeys：一、1. neednt 2. can 3. should 4. must 5. would 二、1-5 cacba1.ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. it _ harrys. he always wears green.a. has to beb. will be c. mustnt bed. could be2. it was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.a. might b. would c. should d. could3. ive ordered some pizza, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.a. cant b. dare not c. neednt d. may not4. shall i inform him of the change of the schedule right now? i am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting.a. willb. mustc. may d. can5. dont worry about your future. as long as you try your best, a great future _ wait for you on your way.a. would b. can c. must d. should6. johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. a. wont; cant b. mustnt; may c. shouldnt; must d. cant; shouldnt7. the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.a. had to b. would c. could d. was able to8. one ought _ for what one hasnt done.a. not to be punished b. to not be punished c. to not punished d. not be punished 9. im surprised that he _ in the exam.a. should fail b. would have failed c. may have failed d. should have failed10. the little girl _ there alone.a. not dare go b. dares not go c. dare not go d. dare not to go11. he said he would rather not _ it right now.a. doing b. to do c. do d. to be doing12. may i stop here? no, you _.a. mustnt b. might not c. neednt d. wont13. please open the window, _?a. cant you b. arent you c. do you d. will you14. its a fine day. lets go fishing, _.a. wont we b. will we c. dont we d. shall we15. will your brother stay home tonight? im not quite sure. he _ to the cinema tonight.a. must go b. can go c. may go d. may be going keys：1-5 dccbd 6-10bdadc 11-15caddc_一、完型填空dad is a liar(說(shuō)謊者)certainly. he never tells the truth about anything bad, or anything that he thinks is 1 to me, even though ive told him that i dont 2 hearing these things.hes the 3 man i have ever met, who never hurts others, as well as the cruelest man, for hes always hard on himself. every time i phoned home from college and asked dad how his 4 was getting on, he would always reply, “oh, couldnt be 5 !” when i asked my mum the same question on the phone, 6 , she honestly told me every 7 with dads business. i didnt blame dad for his 8 . instead i showed concern for him. dad is a miser(吝嗇鬼), undoubtedly. i hardly see dad wear 9 clothes. in fact, his closet(衣櫥)is half empty. even in this half, two-thirds is occupied by mums clothes and the other one-third belongs to him. i 10 him to buy some new clothes, 11 he simply shook his head, “the old clothes are still good enough.”were they? i saw holes in them! it tore my heart up when i saw dad cough terribly with his hand covering his 12 .when the pains became very serious, he 13 took some medicine. so it surprised 14 when the day came that dad got sick. he was lying in bed, and all the family gathered around him. i knelt by his bedside, tears filling my eyes. dear dad, youve been pushing yourself too hard, which you should not have. i know i might as well 15 a river to flow backward as hope to talk you out of working so hard. but i still want to say, “dad, take better care of yourself!”1. a. interestingb. goodc. badd. valuable2. a. mindb. mean c. enjoy d. allow3. a. cleverest b. strongest c. biggest d. kindest4. a. health b. business c. experiment d. treatment5. a. better b. harder c. easier d. healthier6. a. meanwhile b. anyway c. however d. therefore7. a .change b. difference c. decision d. problem8. a. belief b. opinion c. lies d. excuses9. a. cheap b. new c. clean d. casual10. a. beggedb. ordered c. excited d. helped11. a. so b. but c. since d. although12.a. head b. ear c. eyes d. mouth13.a. still b. even c. only d. seldom14.a. somebody b. anybody c. everybody d. nobody15.a. beg b. allow c. expect d. cause二、閱讀理解in october on the east coast of australia migrating(遷徙)humpback whales(座頭鯨)pass very close to the shore. with the help of max egan, we went to film them near byron bay. it was extremely exciting to spot the little puffs(水柱)of spray on the horizon. when migrating, the whales can be traveling at speeds of about 12km/h and can dive under anywhere between five and forty minutes, but with many years of experience max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place to provide us with amazing sighting. as the whales break the surface like submarines(潛水艇), the water spills off their broad dark backs and huge tails. then, with a powerful down stroke, they dive back into the depths of the sea, leaving just a smooth glassy patch of water or “footprint” on the surface to show where they had been.one day we had traveled up and down the shore and far out to the sea in search of whales, but the ho