學(xué)人教版選修8Unit2Clone Period1 Reading 課件（80張） (1).ppt

2018屆人教版選修8unit2cloning period1reading twins theyarebornnaturallyandidenticalinsexandappearance astrawberryplant thenewplantsthatgrowfromtherunnersareexactcopiesoftheoriginalplant 一株草莓依靠它沿地 爬走 的匍匐莖 一年內(nèi)就能長出數(shù)百株草莓苗 富貴竹插枝即活 thegardenershouldcuttheplant thenthecuttingproduceanothernewplant 1996cloningsheeps 2001cloningcattle 我國成功繁殖克隆兔體形要比普通兔大許多 2002年5月中旬成功地繁殖了一只胚胎細(xì)胞克隆兔 2002cloningcats 2002年4月十六日美國第一頭克隆牛 艾米 產(chǎn)下牛犢喜作媽咪 2005cloningdogs inpairsdiscusswhatyouunderstandaboutcloning thenlistthequestionsyouwanttofindout shareyourlistswithoneanother pre reading 1 whatisaclone acloneisananimaloraplantproducednaturallyorartificiallyfromthecellsofanotheranimalorplantandisexactlythesameasit 2 howisacloneproduced thecloningofplantsissimpleandrelativelyeasy itcanbedonebytakingcuttings man madecloning orlettingtheproduceitsownrunners naturalcloning thecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated itwasnotachieveduntil1996andisfullyexplainedinthefirstreading 3 whatbenefitscanhumansgainfromcloning medicalcloningcanhelpcureseriousillnessesthatruinone squalityoflife suchasparkinson sdiseaseoralzheimer sdisease itcanhelpinfertilepeoplehavebabies 4 whatproblemsmayarisewhenhumansarecloned peoplemaywanttoclonethemselvessotheycanliveforever peoplemaywanttoclonedeadchildren peoplemaywanttoclonetheirfavouritepets 1 whatisthemaintopic a cloning b dollythesheep c itwillleadustosomeplaces 2 whatisthewritingstyle a expositive 說明性的 b descriptive c argumentative 議論性的 cloning whereisitleadingus a a scanning learningtips thepassageiswrittenintheexpositivestyle thatistosaythetextisinthethirdpersonandinfactualandformallanguage itgivesdifferentpointsofviewanddoesnottrytopersuadethereadertomakeuphis herownmind 3 dollythesheep a lookedexactlylikethesheepthatprovidestheegg b wastheexactcopyofthesheepthatprovidesthenucleus c lookedlikethesheepthatgavebirthtoit d hadthecharacteristicsofallthreesheep b 4 itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataclonedanimal a usuallylivesaslongastheoriginaloneb usuallyliveslongerthantheoriginalonec usuallydiesearlierthantheoriginaloned isusuallyashealthyastheoriginalone c 5 whichofthefollowingisnotanadvantageofcloning a cloningcanbeusedformedicalpurposes b largequantitiesoffoodcanbeproducedbycloning c cloningcanhelpkeepanimalsfrombecomingextinct d famouspersonswhohavepassedawaycanbecloned d 6 whichofthefollowingiswrong a clonedpeoplewouldliveforever b clonedpeoplemaybekilledatwillformedicalaid c awomanwouldhavedifficultyrecognizingherrealhusband d menwilldieoutbecauseawomancangivebirthtoababywithoutahusband d 7 whichstatementisnottrue a cloningissomethingthathasbeendevelopedquiterecently b twinsthatlookexactlythesameareoriginallyfromthesameegg c cloningisusedbygardenerstomakemoremoney d animalcloningismuchmoredifficultthanplantcloning a 8 thecloningofdollythesheepsucceededbecause a itseasiertocloneasheepthanotheranimalsb thescientistsweredeterminedandworkedhardwithpatiencec thescientistswererewardedandgotlotsofmoneyd manyotherattemptstoclonemammalsfailed b 9 thelambisthecloneofthecellfromsheepbecause a itprovidestheeggcellb itgivesbirthtothelambc itprovidesthenucleusd itisafemalesheep10 thesheepthatdonatedthesomaticcellmostprobablylived years a 3b 6c 9d 12 c d 11 themainideaofthetextis a animalcloningisveryvaluableandcanbenefittheworld b animalcloningcouldbemisusedbybadpeoplesoitmustbeforbidden c animalcloningiswelldevelopedbecausedollythesheepwasborn d animalcloningraisedargumentsandscientistsarenotsureaboutitsfuture d 12 whichofthefollowisnotaproblemordangerofcloningmentionedinthetext a evilleadersmaywanttoclonethemselves b animalclonesmaydeveloptheillnessofolderanimalsandmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals c therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings d toomuchcloningmayleadtothedestructionofthebalanceofnature d 13 wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat a thenormaldevelopmentofdollyhadnoeffectonthecloningofotherspecies b dolly sseriousdiseaseandfinaldeathdisturbedthewholeworld c dollysuccessfullyclonedanewlambwiththehelpofcloningscientists d therewereargumentsaboutanimalcloningandconcernsaboutthefutureofcloning d carefulreading themainideaofeachparagraph cloningis 2 cloninghas uses 3 the ofdolly 4 the ofclonginginsociety 5 theattitudestowardscloning awayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalandplant problems twomajor effect ithappensbothin andin theycanbeclonedby and plants animals themselves humans naturalclone man madeclone para1 thedefinitionofcloning 1 howmanymajorusesdocloninghave firstly commercial secondly research 2 howmanyfemalesheepparticipateinthecloningofanewsheep 3 whenwasthecloningofdollythesheepborn 3 para2 themajorusesandproceduresofcloning 1996 normally dollylivedforsixyearsandahalfyears halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalone para3 theproblemsofdolly theword controversial inpara4probablymeans a complicatedb arguablec important para4 theimpactofdolly b trueorfalse 1 peoplefearedthatclonedhitlerswoulddoharmtotheworld 2 alltheresearchintohumanbeingswillbeforbidden 3 somecountrieswillusecloninginawiseway para5 people sreactiontocloning manygovernmentsforbaderesearchintohumanbeings t t f hitler anevilleader 意大利狂人醫(yī)生 安蒂諾里 冒死也要克隆人的科學(xué)家 布瓦瑟利耶 1readthepassageandanswerthesequestions comprehending 1 whatarethetwomajorusesofcloning thefirstuseistoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants thesecondistoresearchonnewplantsspeciesanddomedicalresearchonanimals 2 whyisiteasiertomakecommercialplantclonesthananimalclones cloningplantsisstraightforward butthecloningofanimalsisverycomplicated 3 whatwasthefirstclonefromanadultanimal atwhatagedidthisclonedie 4 whyiscloningcontroversialinsomecountries thefirstclonefromanadultanimalwasdollythesheep shediedin2003 cloningiscontroversialinsomecountriesformoralandreligiousreasons animalsmaydeveloptheillnessesofolderanimals fillinthechart medicalcloningcouldproducecuresforseriousillnessesinhumans animalclonesmaydieyoungerthanthedonoranimals evilleadermaywanttoclonethemselves therearemoralobjectionstocloninghumanbeings cloningplantscanproduceplantsofsimilarqualityforsale cloningplantscanbeusefulforresearchonnewplantspecies cloningcanhelpsaveendangeredanimals 3whatdoyouthinkisthewriter spointofviewinthisreadingpassage isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit ithinkthewriterisbecause impartial he shedoesnotstateanypersonalopinionaboutcloning 1 doyousupporttheideaofproducinghumanembryos 胚胎 formedicalpurposes why 2 doyouthinkitagoodideatouseclonedhumansfororgan 器官 transplants why 3 doyouthinkaclonedhumanshouldhavehumanrights why 4 doyouthinkclonedhumanswillhavethesametalentsastheoriginalones why discussion asacoinhastwosides everythinghastwoaspects first ifthecloningisusedinacorrectwayitcanbringmanyconveniencestous suchas curingseriousillnessesandbeingusedtoproducecommercialqualitiesofplants ontheotherhand ifthecloningisusedinanevilwayitcancausemuchtroubles suchasmoralquestions practiceactivity debate areyouinfavorofcloningoragainstcloning whatisyourpointofviewonit 1 thishappensinplantswhengardenerstake whentwinsidenticalinsexand 1 whengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones whentwinsidenticalin 是兩個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句 when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中從句的動(dòng)作可以與主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作 don tbeafraidofaskingforhelp itisneeded 03 全國 a unlessb sincec althoughd when languagepoints d 2 happenvi occurbychance takeplace 偶然地 發(fā)生 出現(xiàn)happentodo happentosb ithappenedthat happeningn 事件 偶然發(fā)生的事 常用復(fù)數(shù) 辨析 happen occur takeplace與comeabout四詞都有 發(fā)生 之意 但有區(qū)別 happen是一般用語 詞義較廣 強(qiáng)調(diào)事情發(fā)生的偶然性 occur用法較正式 既可以指自然發(fā)生 也可以指有意安排 碰巧 某人 發(fā)生什么事了 碰巧 1 whendidtheexplosion 2 importantelections thisfall 3 theconcertwill nextsunday 4 howdidthequarrel occur takeplace comeabout happen usetheabovewordstofilltheblanks takeplace一般指有計(jì)劃 按事先安排的進(jìn)行的含義 comeabout往往注重事情發(fā)生的原因 常與how連用 以上四組詞均為不及物動(dòng)詞 無被動(dòng)語態(tài) 2 straightforwardadj 簡單的 易懂的 坦誠的 坦率的straightforwardlyadv 率直地 坦誠地straightforwardnessn 率直jackisrough butalwaysstraightforward installingtheprogramisrelativelystraightforward sheadmiredhisstraightforwardness 3 undertakevt undertook undertaken 著手做 從事 進(jìn)行 擔(dān)任 承擔(dān) 答應(yīng) 同意 theprocedureisdifficulttoundertake ofcourse 當(dāng)然 這個(gè)過程很難實(shí)施 thescientistundertakestheexperiment 科學(xué)家從事這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn) icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges 我愿意承擔(dān)這些變革的責(zé)任 完成下列句子 1 thelawyer anewcase 那個(gè)律師接了一個(gè)新的案子 2 hewill nextmonth 去旅行 3 he 承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)新任務(wù) undertook undertookanewtask undertakeajorney 4 payoff 事業(yè) 計(jì)劃等 成功 付清薪水并解雇 償還 債務(wù)等 atlastthedeterminationandpatienceofscientistspaidoff 最終科學(xué)家們的決心和耐心得到了回報(bào) hepaidoffthecrewoftheship 他付清全體船員的工資并將他們解雇 intheendhepaidoffallhisdebts 最終他還清了所有的債務(wù) payback報(bào)答 報(bào)復(fù) 用介詞back off to 填空 1 youreffortissuretopay thankyouforyourencouragement2 thesupermarket whichhehadeverpaidavisit wasburnttotheground 3 howcanipayyou forallyourkindness 4 well aftertheseyears we veatlastpaid allourdebts off to back off containv 包含 含有2 neededtoproduceanewsheep為過去分詞短語作后置定語 修飾其前面的名詞genes 構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系 5 thenucleusofthiscellcontainsallthegenesneededtoproduceanewsheep 這個(gè)細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核含有生產(chǎn)一只新的綿羊的必需的基因 辨析 contain與includecontain 包含 含有 側(cè)重于包含的內(nèi)容或成分 里面裝有 include 包括 側(cè)重范圍或整體 e g 1 whisky alargepercentageofalcohol 2 thebook fortymaps threeofgreatbritain contains contains including 6 thenucleusfromsheepbandtheeggcellfromsheepaarejoinedusingelectricity 從綿羊b中取出的細(xì)胞核與從綿羊a中取出的卵細(xì)胞用電流使之結(jié)合 1 usingelectricity為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語 2 聯(lián)手 攜手參加活動(dòng)和某人一起做事參軍 連起來 joinhands joininsth doingsth joinsb insth joinup 辨析 takepartin join joinin與attendtakepartin指參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng) 并以積極的態(tài)度在所參加的活動(dòng)中起作用 join 加入 團(tuán)體或組織 joinin指參加活動(dòng)和游戲 joinsb insth 和某人一起做某事 attend參加會(huì)議 聽演講 聽音樂 參加婚禮 7 thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging 多莉看來是在正常地成長著 這很令人鼓舞 thatsheseemedtodevelopnormally 是同位語從句 同位語從句可由when where how why that whether等詞引導(dǎo) 先行詞多半是idea fact news hope belief thought doubt question等 同位語從句一般放在抽象名詞之后 用以說明抽象名詞的具體內(nèi)容 有時(shí)為了保持句子的平衡 同位語從句還可以放在動(dòng)詞的后面 如 soonwordcamethatwewon 8 thencamethedisturbingnewsthatdollyhadbecomeseriouslyill 然后傳來了多莉病重的壞消息 本句中 副詞then放于句首 主語是名詞 news thatdollyhadbecomeseriouslyill 是同位語從句 句子用了倒裝語序 inthedarkforests somelargeenoughtoholdseveralenglishtowns 05 遼寧 a standmanylakesb liemanylakesc manylakeslied manylakesstand b disturbingadj thenewsfromthefrontisverydisturbing 來自前線的消息令人極為不安 disturbvt 擾亂 使不安 弄亂 disturbedadj 被擾亂的 動(dòng)亂的 不安的 disturbingadj 令人不安的 特別提示 現(xiàn)在分詞表示 令人怎么樣過去分詞表示 被使得怎么樣 感到怎么樣 如 aninterestingstory令人感興趣的故事aninterestedlook感到興趣的表情surprisedpeople 感到 驚奇的人們 用disturb disturbing disturbed填空 1 i mvery aboutalice 2 don t thepapersonmydesk 3 thiscountryisina state 4 what newsitis 5 alightwind thesurfaceofthewater disturbed disturb disturbing disturbing disturbed 9 castdown使沮喪 毀掉 常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)或作表語 cloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatdolly sillnessweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal 克隆科學(xué)家沮喪地發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病更容易在年老的羊身上 不要這么沮喪 打起精神來 don tbesocastdown justkeepupyourspirits castaway丟棄castoff放棄 丟棄castout趕走 將下列句子譯成英語 1 聽到這個(gè)消息他很沮喪 2 發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪 hewascastdowntohearthenews findingoutthetruthmadehimcastdown 10 altogether和alltogether及together1 altogetheradv 總共 完全地 總之 總而言之youoweme68rmbaltogether yourworkisaltogetherperfect 2 alltogether全部在同一地方或同一時(shí)間canyouputyourbooksalltogetherinthisbox 3 togetheradv 在一起 共同地allhistroubleseemedtocometogether he sbad tempered selfishand anunpopularman a thereforeb altogetherc otherwised anyhow b 11 objectv objectionn 反對(duì) 不贊成ontheotherhand dolly sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination 另一方面 多莉的出現(xiàn)引來了巨大的反對(duì) 激發(fā)了傳媒的熱炒和公眾的想像力 ifeelastrongobjectiontogettingupearly 我極不愿意早起 haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow 你反對(duì)我打開窗子嗎 objectvi weobjecttobeingtreatedlikethis 我們抗議這種待遇 iobjecttotheplan 我反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃 objectvt iobjectthatheistooyoungtotakethatposition 我提出反對(duì)意見 他太年輕不適合那個(gè)職位 objectto doing sth object that從句objection是名詞 常與have take feel等連用have take feelobjectionto doing sth 即時(shí)練習(xí) 句型轉(zhuǎn)換haveyouanyobjectiontomyopeningthewindow wouldyou myopeningthewindow 2 takeobjectiontosmoking i smoking 3 butheistooyoung sheargued she thathewastooyoung objectto objectto objected 12 itsuddenlyopenedeveryone seyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillness andeventoproducehumanbeings 突然每個(gè)人都看到了利用克隆技術(shù)治愈重病 甚至克隆出人的可能性 本句中of和后面的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成介詞短語作定語 修飾前面的名詞possibility 注意介詞后出現(xiàn)動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí) 一定要把握好動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)形式的變化 atthebeginningofclass thenoiseofdesks couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom 07 全國ii a openedandclosedb tobeopenedandclosedc beingopenedandclosedd toopenandclose c 解析 答案c 題意為 開始上課時(shí) 開關(guān)課桌的聲音在教室外都能夠聽到 本題考查動(dòng)名詞的用法 thenoise是句中主語 of后應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) desks是邏輯主語 因?yàn)?課桌 與 開關(guān) 之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系 故須用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式beingopenedandclosed 13 attainvt 獲得 尤其指經(jīng)過努力 達(dá)到 年齡 水平 狀況等 heattianedsuccessthroughhardwork heattainedtheageof25beforemarriaging 比較 obtainvt 經(jīng)買 借 拿等 獲得 得到某物healwaysmanagestoobtainwhathewants wherecaniobtainacopyofherlatestbooks 14 forbidvt forbade forbidden 禁止 不許 妨礙 阻止governmentsbecamenervousandmanyforbaderesearchintohumanclothing 政府開始感到不安 有許多政府禁止對(duì)克隆的研究 smokingshouldbeforbiddeninpublicplaces 公共場所應(yīng)禁止吸煙 herfatherforbidhertogooutalone 她父親不許她單獨(dú)外出 iforbidyouenteringmystudy 我不許你進(jìn)入我的書房 forbidsb todo forbidsb fromdoingsth 禁止某人做某事forbidsth 禁止某事與forbid結(jié)構(gòu)相同的詞有 permitsbtodo permitdoingsth允許某人做某事 允許做某事 allowsb todo allowdoingsth允許某人做某事 允許做某事 advisesb todo advisedoingsth 建議某人做某事 建議做某事 1 theschool 禁止學(xué)生吸煙 2 heisforbiddento 進(jìn)入這個(gè)房間 3 therearelawsinsomecountrieswhichforbidadvertisements atinappropriatetimesandplaces a b