2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)高頻詞匯必背及訓(xùn)練5.doc

2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)高頻詞匯必背及訓(xùn)練51.surprise n驚奇，驚奇的事I have got a big surprise for you.我給你帶來(lái)了一個(gè)大的驚喜。v使吃驚What surprised us most was that she had such a sweet voice.最讓我們感到驚訝的是她有如此甜美的嗓音。to ones surprise 令人吃驚的是To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days.令我驚訝的是他竟然在幾天之內(nèi)就完成了任務(wù)。注意：surprising 表示令人驚訝；主語(yǔ)通常是使人驚訝的事；surprised 表示主語(yǔ)本身產(chǎn)生的情緒，主語(yǔ)是人。What youve told me is surprising.你給我講的情況真令人吃驚。The news made us surprised.這消息使我們很驚訝。Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm wele.A surprise Bwas surprised Csurprised Dbeing surprised2.disaster n災(zāi)難，不幸，禍患Fires，floods and earthquakes are disasters.火災(zāi)、水災(zāi)和地震都是災(zāi)難。This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the area.這是該地區(qū)所經(jīng)歷的最嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害之一。考點(diǎn)提示：disasteraffected area受災(zāi)地區(qū)a traffic disaster 交通慘禍a disaster to sb 某人的災(zāi)難escape disaster 逃避災(zāi)難die in the disaster 死于災(zāi)禍The voyage to the Atlantic Ocean ended_.Awith disaster Bin disaster Cwith destroy Din mote vt.(1)促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)Exercise promotes health.鍛煉可增進(jìn)健康。The organization works to promote friendship between nations.該組織旨在促進(jìn)各國(guó)之間的友誼。(2)使(某人)升級(jí)，擢升(某人)至(to)The boy was promoted to the fourth grade.這個(gè)男孩升到四年級(jí)。The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.這個(gè)年輕軍官被提升為上尉。(3)(在宣傳上)促銷，推銷(商品)Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product？如何來(lái)推銷這種產(chǎn)品你有什么辦法嗎？考點(diǎn)提示：promote.as把推廣為promote sb to the post of 升某人擔(dān)當(dāng)職位promote sb to. 晉升某人為注意：promote sb to之后表職位的名詞不加冠詞。完成句子：(1)我們的老師已被提升為校長(zhǎng)了。Our teacher has _ _ _ headmaster.(2)這家公司在電視上宣傳他們的新產(chǎn)品。The pany are _ _ _ _ on television.(3)他晉升為新工廠的經(jīng)理。He _ _ _ of the new workshop.4.expect v盼望；認(rèn)為；預(yù)料The rent was much more than we had expected to pay.租金比我們預(yù)計(jì)要付的多得多。He didnt expect to see me.他沒(méi)有料到會(huì)碰見我?？键c(diǎn)提示：expect代詞/名詞/that從句盼望；預(yù)料expect to do sth 盼望做某事expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事than expected 比預(yù)料中的I expect so. 我想是這樣的。I expect notI dont expect so. 我認(rèn)為不是這樣。I dont expect that. 我認(rèn)為不(否定前移)Ive worked with children before，so I know what_in my new job.Aexpected Bto expect Cto be expecting Dexpects5mit vt.(1)犯(罪、錯(cuò)等)They mitted many horrible crimes against the people.他們對(duì)人民犯下許多可怕的罪行。If we dont understand this，we shall mit mistakes.我們?nèi)绻焕斫膺@一點(diǎn)，就會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。mit suicide自殺mit crimes 犯罪mit mistakes 犯錯(cuò)誤(2)交托；交付；移交(為保管或處理)The boy was mitted to the care of his uncle.這個(gè)男孩被委托給他的叔叔照管。He mitted himself to the cause of education.他投身于教育事業(yè)。(3)承諾；受誓約的約束He refused to mit himself to any sort of promise.他拒不作出任何承諾。翻譯句子：(1)The hero in the novel mitted suicide at the end of the book._(2)I mitted the matter to the care of a friend._6.injury n損傷，傷害Dont do that.Youll do yourself an injury.別那樣做，你會(huì)把自己弄傷的。Several train passengers received/sustained serious injuries in the crash.在這次撞車事故中火車上幾名乘客受重傷。do sb an injurydo an injury to sb 傷害某人the injured n. 受傷的人，傷員injury/wound/hurt/harm/damage辨析(1)injury n指平時(shí)的大小創(chuàng)傷或傷害。He got serious injuries to the legs at work.他干活時(shí)腿受了重傷。(2)wound指戰(zhàn)斗中刀或槍的創(chuàng)傷，傷口。The soldier received two wounds in the battle.這位士兵在戰(zhàn)斗中兩處受傷。(3)hurt尤指精神上和感情上的傷害，肉體上的傷痛。The hurt to his feelings is more serious than the hurt in his body.他在感情上受到的傷害比身體上的傷痛更嚴(yán)重。(4)harm；damage指損失，損害，不表示傷痛。The storm did great harm to the crops.這場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨對(duì)莊稼危害很大。The earthquake caused damage to the city.這場(chǎng)地震對(duì)這城市造成了危害。(1)Youd better have a first aid box at hand in case of some mon_at home.Ahurt Bdamage Cwounds Dinjuries(2)As we all know，smoking does_to the health of smokers themselves and those around them.Aharm Binjury Churt Dwound(3)The cattle are to be driven away before they cause any_to the newly planted trees.Adamage Binjury Churt Dwound7.react vi.(1)react on(upon)對(duì)起作用，對(duì)有影響Your applause would react on(upon)the speaker.你們的喝彩對(duì)演說(shuō)者有影響。Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.惡人有惡報(bào)。(2)react against反抗，反對(duì)People soon reacted against the new government.人們不久便起來(lái)反對(duì)新政府。He reacted against everything he had been taught.教他什么他都會(huì)唱對(duì)臺(tái)戲。(3)react to對(duì)作出反應(yīng)How did your mother react to the news?你媽媽對(duì)這個(gè)消息的反應(yīng)怎樣？Our eyes react to light.我們的眼睛對(duì)光起反應(yīng)。(4)react with與起反應(yīng)Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.鐵與水和空氣起化學(xué)反應(yīng)而生銹。介詞填空：(1)Dogs react_kindness_waging their tails.(2)He reacted_his parents strictness and left home.(3)The rise of oil costs reacted _the price of food.(4)He didnt react_the loud noise and kept on working.8.admire vt.欽佩，羨慕 ；欣賞 admire sb for sth /doing sth 因?yàn)樽瞿呈屡宸橙?admiration n. 欽佩；贊賞 have admiration for 對(duì)表示欽佩 with/in admiration 欽佩地 I really admire your enthusiasm.我確實(shí)欽佩你的熱情。I have great admiration for her as a writer.我十分欽佩她這個(gè)作家。完成句子：我欽佩他的勇氣。I _ him _ his courage.9.impact n影響；沖擊；撞擊 Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the crisis.企業(yè)開始感受到了經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的全面影響。The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.這一記猛擊把杰克打了個(gè)趔趄。have an impact on.對(duì)有影響完成句子：His fathers death _ _ _ _ _ him.他爸爸的去世對(duì)他造成了巨大的影響。10.loss n損失 The global financial crisis will lead to a number of job losses.全球金融風(fēng)暴會(huì)讓許多人失業(yè)。 When she died I was filled with a sense of loss.她去世后我心里充滿了失落感?？键c(diǎn)提示： make up a loss彌補(bǔ)損失 suffer losses 遭受損失 at a loss 感到迷惑 Kate, you look worried now.Well, I am at _ loss as to how to solve _ problem.Aa; the Ba; a C不填；a Dthe; the 答案：1.C句意：雖然教授看到我們很吃驚，但還是熱烈歡迎我們。Though surprised to see us Though he was surprised to see us。2