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一、緒論土木(Civil) 土木工程(Civil engineering)土木工程師(Civil engineers) 施工管理(construction management)城市規(guī)劃師(urban planners) 施工工程(construction engineering)工程管理(engineering management) 工程教學(engineering teaching)二、材料材料(materials)溫度(temperature)膨脹(expand)收縮(contract)混凝土(concrete) 鋼筋混凝土(reinforced concrete) 瀝青(asphalt)磚(brick) 石材(stone) 木材( wooden) 鋼材( steel)玻璃(glass) 抵抗(resist)壓力(compression)擠壓(squeeze)壓碎(crush)拉力(tension)拉(pull) 纖維的(fibrous)裝飾(decoration)飾品(ornament)Alloy steels(合金鋼) Steel wires(鋼絲)durability(耐久性)hydraulic cement(水硬性水泥)lime(石灰)3、 基礎工程土工試驗(soil experiments)自重(the own weight)巖土工程(Geotechnical engineering) 巖土特性分析(analyze the properties of soils and rocks)沉降(settlement) 基礎(foundation)坡體(slopes)填土(fills)壓縮(compaction)顆粒(particle)淤泥(silt)粘土(clay)砂(sand)礫石(gravel)巖石(rock)穩(wěn)定(stability)強度(strength)上部結(jié)構( superstructure)下部結(jié)構( substructure)變形(deform) 回彈(rebound) 時間相關的(time-dependent)施加(impose)隆起(heave)不均勻的(uneven)傾斜的(leaning)開裂(crack)倒塌(collapse)擴展基礎(spread footing)raftor mat(筏式基礎)土力學(soil mechanics)樁(pile)The allowable bearing pressure(允許承載力)building code(建筑規(guī)范)grade beam(地梁)the retention of earth(填土)slide(滑移)overturn(傾覆)rigid(剛性的)discontinuity(不連續(xù)性)floating foundation(浮式基礎) survey(勘察)samples of soil and rock(巖土試樣)Bore(鉆孔) 地基土(subsoil)shear(剪力)4、 建筑工程建筑物(building)建筑學(architecture)結(jié)構(structures)結(jié)構工程(structural engineering)梁(beam)跨越(span)彎曲(bend)支座(support)柱(column)應力(stress),柱(post)框架(frame) 外墻(exterior walls)承重墻(bearing walls)柱(post)過梁(lintel)簡支梁(simple beam) 骨架(skeleton) 懸臂的(cantilever)特種結(jié)構(special structures )可居住的(habitable)自然采光(natural light) 人工照明(artificial light)耐久性(permanence)砌體(masonry)筒體(tube) 剛度(stiffness)剛梁(rigid beam)剛性框架(rigid frames) 桁架(trusses)側(cè)向穩(wěn)定( lateral stability)公共建筑(public building)高層建筑(tall buildings)超高層建筑(ultrahigh rise buildings)圍護(skin)應力蒙皮(stressed-skin) 風荷載(wind load)剛性帶桁架框架(frames with rigid belt trusses)框筒(framed tube)束筒(bundled tube)滑移(drift)筒中筒(tube in tube)剪力墻(shear wall) 組合體系(composite system)。5、 交通土建交通(transportation )交通工程(transportation engineering)公共設施(public facilities) 公共交通(mass transit) 鐵路(railroad)公路(highway)expressway(高速公路)6、 橋梁橋梁(bridge) 懸索橋(suspension bridge)橋墩(bridge pier)懸臂橋(cantilever bridge)懸臂(corbel)7、 隧道 隧道(tunnels)錨固(anchor)港口 水利水電 給排水 防災減災計算機大壩(dams)濱海(offshore)海港(harbors)水利工程(water resources engineering)防洪(prevent floods)供水(supply water )灌溉(irrigation) 運河(canals)Sea Works(海洋工程)martime engineering (海事工程)Fishing ports(漁港) marinas(碼頭)Reclamation and conservancy(填海與保護)estuaries(河口)Hydraulic(水力的),Natural harbor(天然海港),artificial harbor(人工海港),Tidal cycle(潮汐周期),scour(沖刷),siltation(淤積),breakwater(防波堤),Secondary wave(次生波),Reflected wave(反射波),disturbances(干擾),Bay(海灣),jetty(防波堤),mole(防波堤)。水閘(locks)大型水電壩(huge hydroelectric dams) 水圍堰(water impoundments )給水(water)排水(sewage)管線(pipelines)管道工程(Pipeline engineering)地下水( groundwater )結(jié)構抗震(protect structures against earthquakes)地震(earthquake) 柔性的(flexible)索(cable) 橋臺(abutment)cantilever(懸臂梁),truss(桁架),arch(拱),suspension(懸索), cofferdams(圍堰),caissons(沉箱), piles(樁)。dam(水壩)discharge(流量), hydrauelectric(水電的),navigation(航行),spillways(泄洪道),gates(閘門),valves(閥門),tunnels(隧道),pipelines(管道),evacuate(開挖),reservoir(水庫),rockfill(填石),masonry(砌體),abutments(墩臺)。Site(場地),investigation(調(diào)查),boring(鉆孔),strata(地層),shaft(鉆桿),elasticity(彈性),permeability(滲透性),stress(應力),groundwater(地下水),assess(評估),seismic(地震),hydraulic(水力的),F(xiàn)inite Element Analysis(有限單元分析),equilibrium(平衡),strain(應變)。Tensile strength(抗拉強度),compressive strength(抗拉強度),support(支撐),vertical(垂直的),load(荷載),concrete(砼),cement(水泥),shrink(收縮),set(凝固),harden(硬化),crack(開裂),cast(澆注),blend(摻和),resistence(抵抗),aggregate(骨料),fine-grained(細顆粒的),fly ash(粉煤灰),filler(填充劑),volume(量),addivitives(添加劑),surface-active agents(表面活化劑),air-entraining agents(引氣劑),water-to-cement ratio(水灰比),cool(冷卻),extract(提?。?,vacuum(真空)。Permeable(可滲透的),resistance(抵抗),deterioration(侵蝕),deformation(變形),seepage(滲透),quick(流砂),fluid(流體),earthquake(地震),seismically active region(地震活動帶),strong ground motion(強地動),response(響應),predict(預言),degree of freedom(自由度),damping(阻尼)。Highway(公路),maintenance(維護),financing(籌款),traffic(交通),assess(評估),layout(布局),capacity(容量),route(線路),preliminary(初步的),alternate(備選的),detailed design(詳細設計),terrain(地形),traverse(橫過),photogrammetric(攝影測量的),stage(階段),phase(階段),evaluation(評價)。Delay(延期),coordinate(協(xié)調(diào)),preserve(保護),propose(提議),blueprints(藍圖),earthwork(土方工程),surfacing(路面),grading(場地平整),excavate(開挖),fill(填),analyze the gradation(顆粒分析),compact(壓縮)。Surfacing(鋪面),accommodate(容納),frequency(頻率),roadway(路面),sandy clay(砂質(zhì)粘土),slag(礦碴),crushed stone(碎石),gravel(礫石),stabilize(穩(wěn)定),subgrade(路基),roller(滾壓機),soil-cement(水泥土),bituminous(瀝青的),surface drainage(地表排水),crown(路冠),shoulder(路肩),open ditches(明溝),storm drainage system(暴雨排水系統(tǒng)),catchbasin(集水井),runoff(徑流),duration(持續(xù)時間)Ponding(積水),spacing(間距),precipitation(降水量),flow(水流),culvert(涵管),roughness(粗糙度),entrance(入口),downstream(下游),conduit(導管),outlet(出水口)。Rest facilities(休息設施),rest stops(休息站),interstate highways(州際公路),access(入口),noise barriers(隔音墻),subgrade(路基),staking out(放樣),award(授予),contract(合同),detailed plan(詳細規(guī)劃),specifications(說明),lay out(布置),indicate(標示),settlement(沉降),vibratory(振動的),maintenance(維護),signs(路標),guard rails(護欄),traffic striping(交通帶),retaining walls(擋土墻),side slopes(邊坡),supervising(監(jiān)督)。Soil mechanics(土力學),laws of mechanics(力學定律),hydraulics(水力學),aggregate(集合),mineral grains(礦物顆粒),organic(有機的),constituents(成份),weathering(風化),three phases(三相),composition(組成),heterogeneity(不均勻性),deposits(沉積土),retaining wall(擋土墻),earth pressure(土壓力),equilibrium(平衡),cohesion(粘聚力), plasticity(塑性),sand(砂土),clay(粘土),shearing(受剪的),sliding(滑動),the surface of rupture(破壞面),shearing force(剪力),approximation(近似),cohesive soils(粘性土), Curved surface(曲面),the surface of slip(滑動面)。Consolidation(固結(jié)),lag(滯后),settlement(沉降),waterlogged(浸水的),samples(試樣),testing on the site(現(xiàn)場試驗),testing in the laboratory(室內(nèi)試驗),internal friction(內(nèi)摩擦角),cohesion(粘聚力),compressibility(可壓縮性),elasticity(彈性),permeability(滲透性),capillarity(毛細管作用),moisture(水份),soil particles(土顆粒)。Tamping(夯打),load-bearing strength(承載力),elastic soils(彈性土),expansible soils(可膨脹土),flexible(柔性的),expand(膨脹),freezing-thawing cycles(凍融循環(huán)),wetting-drying cycles(濕干循環(huán)),soil grains(土顆粒),plane of free water(自由水面),volume(體積),stability(穩(wěn)定性),instrument(儀器),stabilometer(穩(wěn)定計),consolidation(固結(jié)),site investigation(場地勘察),survey(調(diào)查),visual investigation(肉眼鑒定),elaborate(詳細的),subsurface(地下的),exploration(勘探),boring(鉆孔),laboratory testing(室內(nèi)測試), Samples(試樣),identification(識別),classification(分類),grain size(顆粒大?。?,liquid limit(液限),plastic limit(塑限)。Topography(地形),geological features(地質(zhì)特征),outcrop(巖面露頭),lake bed(湖床),weathered remnants(風化殘積),paleontological maps(地質(zhì)年代圖),aerial photographs(航空拍照),well logs(鉆井記錄),excavation(開挖),geophysical exploration(地質(zhì)勘探),seismic(地震的),strata(地層),propagation(傳播),shock waves(沖擊波),bedrock(基巖),reflected wave(反射波),probe rod(探桿),penetration resistance(貫入阻力),water jets(噴水式推進器),augers(螺旋鉆),drilling(鉆孔),chip(切片),trenches(溝),pits(坑),Pneumatic drilling(氣動鉆),diamond drilling(金剛鉆),boreholes(鉆孔),retain(保存),inspection(驗收),in-place density(原位密度)。Foundation(基礎),multistory(多層的),footing(擴展基礎),earth-fill dam(填土壩),pile(樁基礎),pile cap(樁臺),foundation system(基礎體系),reaction(反力),impose(施加),total settlement(總沉降),differential settlement(沉降差),withstand(承受),mat foundation(筏式基礎),slab foundation(板式基礎),caisson(沉箱),transfer(傳遞),superstructure(上部結(jié)構),transmit(傳遞),substructure(下部結(jié)構),Spread foundation(擴展基礎),reinforced concrete(鋼筋混凝土),plain concrete(素混凝土),masonry(砌體),combined footing(聯(lián)立基礎),cantilever footing(懸臂基礎),building line(建筑紅線),exterior wall(外墻),continuous footing(連續(xù)基礎),pile tip(樁尖),wall footing(墻基)。Floor slab(樓板),the groundwater level(地下水位),well points(井點降水),pumping(抽水),deep well(深井),sumps(集水坑),dewater(降水),electroosmosis(電滲降水),cutoff wall(截水墻),grout(水泥漿),periphery(周邊),subside(下沉),basement(地下室),the hydrostatic pressures of the water(靜水壓力),soil backfill(回填土),uplift(上浮的),anchor(錨固),infiltrating(滲透),joint(連接),encase(包裹),impermeable(不滲透的),membrane(薄膜),coat(涂抹),asphaltic mastic(瀝青膠),permeability(滲透性), retaining wall(擋土墻),abutment(墩臺),weep hole(泄水孔)。Expansive soil(膨脹土),swell(膨脹),contract(收縮),nonexpansive(非膨脹的),alter(替換),admixture(混合物),lime(石灰),flexibility(柔性),underpinning(托換),remedial(補救的),precautionary(預防的),defect(缺陷),settle(下沉),beneath(下面),confined(狹窄的),pit(坑),sheeting(擋板),caving(坍塌),stratum(地層),form(模板),continuous wall(連續(xù)墻),intermittent(間斷的)。Construction engineering(施工工程),scheduling(安排工期),delay(延誤),allot(分配),contractor(承包商),fabrication(安裝),inspect(檢查),formwork(模板),cofferdam(圍護)。Progress control(進度控制),cost control(成本控制),unit cost(單位成本),budget(預算),periodically(周期性地),payroll(工資),allocation(分配),overrun(超支),labor costs(人工費),supervision(監(jiān)管),earthmoving(運土),foundation treatment(地基處理),erection(安裝),concrete placement(砼澆注),asphalt paving(瀝青鋪面),electrical(電力的),mechanical(機械的),installation(安裝),dismantled(拆除)。Elevation(標高),topsoil(表層土),landscape(景觀),contamination(污染),blasting(爆破),fragment(粉碎),explosive(炸藥),defect(缺陷),strengthen(加強),cavity(洞穴),fissure(裂隙),fault(斷層),grouting(灌漿),injection(注入),fluid(流體),solidify(固化),precipitating(摻入),assembly(安裝),riveting(鉚接),bolting(栓接),welding(焊接),anchorage(錨錠)。Forming(支模),curing(養(yǎng)護),bracing(支撐),slip-forming(滑模),lift(提升),rod(桿),embed(埋設),aggregate(骨料),crusher(破碎機),screen(粗篩),paving(鋪設),contraction joint(收縮縫),roadbed(路基)。Building materials(建筑材料),physical properties(物理性質(zhì)),permanently(永久地),deform(變形),stretch(伸長),bend(彎曲),elasticity(彈性),brittle(脆性的),plastic(塑性的),yield strength(屈服強度),fracture(斷裂),ultimate strength(極限強度),stiffness(剛度),elastic modulus(彈性模量),masonry(砌體),bonding agent(粘合劑),cement mortar(水泥漿),bricks of burnt clay(燒結(jié)粘土磚),slate(頁巖),concrete block(砼塊),ultimate compressive strength(極限抗壓強度),masonry unit(砌塊)。Ultimate tensile strength(極限抗拉強度),along the grain(順紋),across the grain(橫紋),connection(連接),devise(設計),connector(連接件),rolling(軋制),I-beam(工字梁),plate(板),sheet(薄片),cast(澆注),prestressing concrete(預應力砼),strand(索),rope(繩),cable(纜),embed(埋入),fireproof material(防火材料),fire resistance(抗火性),alloying elements(合金元素),silicon(硅),manganese(錳)。Corrosion(銹蝕),rod(桿),foil(箔),prefabricated(預制的),curtain-wall(幕墻),crushed stone(碎石),harden(硬化),paste(漿),component(組成),ingredient(成份),shrinkage(收縮),pour(灌注),mold(模型),form(模板),fine crack(細裂縫),moist(潮濕)。Reinforced concrete(鋼筋混凝土),steel bar(鋼筋),reinforcing bar(加強筋),bond(粘結(jié)),wire network(鋼絲網(wǎng)),binder(粘合劑)。Overall collapse(整體倒塌),component(構件),stress(應力),strain(應變),code(規(guī)范),stability(穩(wěn)定性),reaction(支座反力),opposite force(反向力),balance(平衡),static quilibrium(靜力平衡),internal force(內(nèi)力),assumption(假設),proportional(成比例的),static load(靜載),live load(活載),dynamic load(動載),motion(運動),random(隨機的),gravity(重力),linear-elastic(線彈性的),statically determinate(靜定的), statically indeterminate(超靜定的),rectangular(矩形的),configuration(布置),equivalent(等效的),lateral(側(cè)向的),irregular(不規(guī)則的),abrupt change(突變),elevation(立面),vibration(振動),comlexity(復雜性),equation(方程),nonlinear(非線性的) 。coplanar(共面的),nonconcurrent(不共點的),component(分量),horizontal(水平的),vertical(垂直的),sum(總和),moment(力矩),independent(獨立的),equation(方程),unkown(未知數(shù)),superposition(疊加),deflection(變形),fixed(固定的),degree(自由度),approximate(近似的),flexible(柔性的),restrain(約束),curvature(曲率),midpoint(中點),point of contraflexure(反彎點),pin joint(鉸接)。portal(門式的),neutral axis(中性軸),centre of gravity(重心),theoretical(理論的),exact(精確的),laborious(費力的),time-consuming(耗時的),theorem(定理),least work(最小功),spot-checking(抽查),flexibility method(柔度法),force method(力法),stiffness method(剛度法),displacement method(位移法),magnitude(數(shù)量),redundant(多余的),compatible displacement conditions(位移協(xié)調(diào)條件),simultaneous linear equations(聯(lián)立方程組),hand calculation(手算),matrix(矩陣),algebra(代數(shù)),format(格式),inversion of a matrix(逆矩陣),multiplication(乘法運算),joint(節(jié)點),rotation(轉(zhuǎn)角),extreme loading(極限加載)。management(管理),enterprise(企業(yè)),expertise(技能),client(客戶),presentation(演講),proposal(提案),negotiate(談判),contract(合同),staff(職員),subconsultant(分包商),project manager(項目經(jīng)理),contract law(合同法),career(職業(yè)),salary(薪水),discipline(學科),reward(回報),senior(高級的),expert(專家),training(培訓)。bargaining(談價),negotiation(談判),accounting(會計),personel(人事),home office(總公司),overseas(海外的),attorney(代理人),legal(法律上的),binding(有約束力的),agreement(協(xié)議),address(設法解決),recognition(認可),compensation(補償),salary(薪水),discipline(學科),budget(預算),supply(供應),demand(需求),law(法則)。case(案例),proffessionals(職員),vice(副的),cadre(骨

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