中級閱讀 課文整理 上海大學.doc

課文整理The Pearl Harbor Speech of Franklin Roosevelt羅斯福 珍珠港事件演說 1Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. 昨天，1941年12月7日必須永遠記住這個恥辱的日子美利堅合眾國受到了日本帝國海軍和空軍突然的蓄意的攻擊。2The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with the government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. 美國和日本處于和平狀態(tài)，在日本的懇求下仍在與其政府和天皇進行交涉，以期維護太平洋地區(qū)的和平。3Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleague delivered to the Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. While this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack. 。實際上，就在日本空軍部隊已經(jīng)著手開始轟炸美國瓦湖島之后的一小時，日本駐美國大使和同僚還向我們的國務卿提交了對美國最近致日方消息的正式答復。雖然復函聲稱繼續(xù)現(xiàn)行外交談判似已無用，但卻并未包含有關(guān)戰(zhàn)爭或武裝攻擊的威脅或暗示。 4It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. During the intervening time, the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. 歷史將會作證，由于夏威夷離日本的距離如此之遙，顯然表明這次進攻是經(jīng)過許多天甚至許多星期精心策劃的。在調(diào)停期間，日本政府蓄意以表示希望繼續(xù)和平的虛假聲明和說辭來欺騙美國。5The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces.Very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu. 昨天對夏威夷群島的攻擊給美國海陸軍部隊造成了嚴重的損害。我遺憾地告訴各位，許多美國人喪失了生命，此外，根據(jù)報告，美國船只在舊金山和火奴魯魯（檀香山）之間的公海上也遭到了魚雷襲擊。6Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. 昨天，日本政府已發(fā)動了對馬來亞的進攻。7Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. 昨晚，日本軍隊進攻了香港。8Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. 昨晚，日本軍隊進攻了關(guān)島。9Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. 昨晚，日本軍隊進攻了菲律賓群島。10Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island. 昨晚，日本人進攻了威克島。11This morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. 今晨，日本人進攻了中途島。12Japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. 因此，日本在整個太平洋區(qū)域采取了突然的攻勢。昨天和今天的事實不言自明。美國的人民已經(jīng)形成了自己的見解，并且非常清楚這關(guān)系到我們國家的安全和生存的本身。 13As commander in chief of the Army and Navy, I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. 作為陸、海軍總司令，我已指示，為了我們的防務采取一切措施。14Always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us. 我們將永遠記住這次對我們突襲的性質(zhì)。15No matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. 不論要用多長時間才能戰(zhàn)勝這場蓄謀已久的侵略，美國人民將一定要以自己的正義力量取得絕對的勝利。16I believe I interpret the will of the Congress and of the people when I assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost, but will make it very certain that this form of treachery shall never again endanger us again.我斷言，我們不僅會盡最大能力來保衛(wèi)我們自己，我們還將確保這種背信棄義的行為永遠不會再次危及到我們，當我這樣斷言的時候，我相信我是正確理解了國會和人民的意志。17Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger. 敵對行動已經(jīng)存在。無庸諱言，我國人民、我國領(lǐng)土和我國利益都處于嚴重危險之中。18With confidence in our armed forceswith the unbounding determination of our peoplewe will gain the inevitable triumphso help us God. 懷著對我們軍隊的信心，依靠我們?nèi)嗣竦膱詮娨庵?，我們將獲得最終的勝利愿上帝幫助我們！19I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire. 我要求國會宣布：自1941年12月7日星期日，日本無端和怯懦的襲擊時起，美國和日本帝國之間已處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)。The Farewell Address of Dwight D.Eisenhower艾森豪威爾 告別演說 1.This evening I come to you with a message of leave-taking and farewell, and to share a few final thoughts with you, my countrymen.今天我來的這里想是和你們告別的，我想和你們分享一下我最后的感想。2.Like every other citizen, I wish the new President, and all who will labor with him, Godspeed. I pray that the coming years will be blessed with peace and prosperity for all.像所有的公民一樣，我希望新的總統(tǒng)以及和他一起工作的人成功，我祈禱未來幾年我們的國家和平繁榮。3.We now stand ten years past the midpoint of a century that has witnessed four major wars among at nations. Three of these involved our own country. Despite these holocausts, America is today the strongest, the most influential, and most productive nation in the world. Understandably proud of this pre-eminence, we yet realize that Americas leadership and prestige depend, not merely upon our unmatched material progress, riches and military strength, but on how we use our power in the interests of world peace and human betterment. 我們現(xiàn)在的日期距本世紀中點已過十年，這個世紀經(jīng)歷了大國之間四次大的戰(zhàn)爭，我們自己的國家卷入其中三次。盡管發(fā)生了這些大規(guī)模的戰(zhàn)禍，當今美國仍是世界上最強大、最有影響、生產(chǎn)力最高的國家。我們可以理解地為這個卓越成就而自豪，但我們也意識到，美國的領(lǐng)導地位和威信不僅取決于我們舉世無雙的物質(zhì)進步、財富和軍事力量，而且取決于我們?nèi)绾螢榱耸澜绾推脚c人類進步使用我們的力量。4.Progress toward these noble goals is persistently threatened by the conflict now engulfing the world. It commands our whole attention, absorbs our very beings. We face a hostile ideology global in scope, atheistic in character, ruthless in purpose, and insidious in method. Unhappily the danger it poses promises to be of indefinite duration. To meet it successfully, there is called for, not so much the emotional and transitory sacrifices of crisis, but rather those which enable us to carry forward steadily, surely, and without complaint the burdens of a prolonged and complex strugglewith liberty the stake. Only thus shall we remain, despite every provocation, on our charted course toward permanent peace and human betterment. 走向這些崇高目標的進程一直受到現(xiàn)在正席卷全球的沖突的威脅。這種沖突迫使我們?nèi)褙炞?，全力以赴。我們面對一種敵對的意識形態(tài)具有世界性規(guī)模和無神論性質(zhì)，目標殘忍，手段陰險。不幸的是，它所造成的危險將長期存在。想成功地對付它，所要求的與其說是危急關(guān)頭感情上短暫的痛苦，不如說是作出犧牲以使我們能堅定踏實、任勞任怨地承擔一場長期復雜斗爭的重任與自由共存亡。只有這樣我們才能戰(zhàn)勝一次又一次的挑釁，始終朝著世界持久和平和人類美好未來的方向前進。5.A vital element in keeping the peace is our military establishment. Our arms must be mighty, ready for instant action, so that no potential aggressor may be tempted to risk his own destruction. 我們的軍隊是維護和平必不可少的要素。我們的武裝力量必須強大，隨時準備投入行動，以使任何潛在的侵略者都不敢貿(mào)然以卵擊石。6. Our military organization today bears little relation to that known by any of my predecessors in peacetime, or indeed by the fighting men of World War II or Korea. 我們今天的軍事組織與我的任何一位和平時期前任所了解的，與第二次世界大戰(zhàn)或朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭中的軍人所了解的軍事組織大相徑庭。7.Until the latest of our world conflicts, the United States had no armaments industry. American makers of plowshares could, with time and as required, make swords as well. But now we can no longer risk emergency improvisation of national defense. We have been compelled to create a permanent armaments industry of vast proportions. Added to this, three and a half million men and women are directly engaged in the defense establishment. We annually spend on military security alone more than the net income of all United States corporations. 直至最近的一次世界性沖突之前、美國仍沒有軍事工業(yè)。美國的犁鏵制造商們在必要時也能制造劍。但是現(xiàn)在我們不能再承擔國防方面臨陣磨槍的風險；我們已被迫創(chuàng)建一個規(guī)模宏大的永久性軍備工業(yè)。此外，350萬男人和婦女直接服務于國防機構(gòu)。我們每年在軍事安全上的開支超過了美國所有的公司的純收入。8.This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence - economic, political, even spiritual -is felt in every city, every State house, every office of the Federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications. Our toil, resources, and livelihood are all involved. So is the very structure of our society. 一支龐大的軍隊和一個大規(guī)模軍事工業(yè)相結(jié)合，在美國是史無前例的。它的全部影響經(jīng)濟的、政治的，甚至精神的在每個城市、每座州議會大樓、每一聯(lián)邦政府機構(gòu)內(nèi)都能感覺到。我們承認這種發(fā)展絕對必要，但我們不應忽視其重大的影響。它涉及我們的人力、資源、生活，乃至我們社會的結(jié)構(gòu)。9.In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. 在政府各部門，我們必須警惕軍事工業(yè)聯(lián)合體取得無法證明是正當?shù)挠绊懥?，不論它這樣追求與否。極不適當?shù)臋?quán)力惡性增長的可能性目前已經(jīng)存在并將繼續(xù)存在。10.We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. We should take nothing for granted. Only an alert and knowledgeable citizenry can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together. 我們決不能讓這一聯(lián)合體的勢力危害我們的自由或民主進程。我們不應心存僥幸。只有警覺而明智的美國公民才能強迫知識恰當配合龐大的工業(yè)和軍事的國防機構(gòu)與我們和平的手段和目標,以使安全和自由并駕齊驅(qū),同獲成功。11.Akin to, and largely responsible for the sweeping changes in our industrial-military posture, has been the technological revolution during recent decades. 近幾十年的技術(shù)革命與我們的工業(yè)軍事狀況的巨大變化有相似之處，而且對這種巨大變化起了很大作用。12.In this revolution, research has become central, it also becomes more formalized, complex, and costly. A steadily increasing share is conducted for, by, or at the direction of, the Federal government. 在這場技術(shù)革命中，研究工作已趨于集中；它也變得更正規(guī)，更復雜，更昂貴。為聯(lián)邦政府而實施，由聯(lián)邦政府實施，或在聯(lián)邦政府指導下實施的研究工作份額正逐步增加。13.Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his shop, has been overshadowed by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. In the same fashion, the free university, historically the fountainhead of free ideas and scientific discovery, has experienced a revolution in the conduct of research. Partly because of the huge costs involved, a government contract becomes virtually a substitute for intellectual curiosity. For every old blackboard there are now hundreds of new electronic computers. 如今，孤獨的發(fā)明者，在他的店里修補，一直籠罩在實驗室和測試領(lǐng)域科學家的工作隊。以同樣的方式，自由的大學，歷史上是自由的思想和科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的源泉，經(jīng)歷了在研究進行的革命。部分由于涉及的巨額費用，政府合同實際上變成了對知識的好奇心的替代品。對于每一個老黑板現(xiàn)在有數(shù)百個新的電子計算機。14.The prospect of domination of the nations scholars by Federal employment, project allocations, and the power of money is ever present - and is gravely to be regarded. 由聯(lián)邦政府雇用而形成支配全國學者的局面，以及統(tǒng)一分配項目，統(tǒng)一控制財力，這種前景一直存在，而且應當引起嚴重關(guān)注。15.Yet, in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite. 我們應該尊重科學研究和探索，但與此同時我們必須對這一同樣嚴重的負面危險保持警惕，即政府政策本身可能成為科技精英的俘虜。16.It is the task of statesmanship to mold, to balance, and to integrate these and other forces, new and old, within the principles of our democratic system ever aiming toward the supreme goals of our free society. 政治家的任務，是在我們民主制度的原則下，塑造、平衡和融合這些和其它新舊力量始終以實現(xiàn)我們自由社會的最高目標為目的。17.Another factor in maintaining balance involves the element of time. As we peer into societys future, we - you and I, and our government - must avoid the impulse to live only for today, plundering for,for our own ease and convenience,the precious resources of tomorrow. We cannot mortgage the material assets of our grandchildren without asking the loss also of their political and spiritual heritage. We want democracy to survive for all generations to come, not to become the insolvent phantom of tomorrow. 另一個保持平衡的因素涉及時間這一要素。當我們展望社會的未來時，我們你、我和我國政府必須避免那種只顧活在當下的沖動，不應為了我們自己的舒適和便利巧取豪奪明天的寶貴資源。我們不可能以我們后代的物質(zhì)財富作抵押，使我們的后代喪失他們的政治和精神遺產(chǎn)。我們要讓民主代代相傳，而不是讓它成為明天無力還債的鬼魂。18.Down the long lane of the history yet to be written, America knows that this world of ours, ever growing smaller, must avoid becoming a community of dreadful fear and hate, and be, instead, a proud confederation of mutual trust and respect. 展望有待書寫的未來歷史長卷，美國深知我們這個越來越小的世界決不應變成一個充滿恐懼和仇恨的可怕社會，相反，它應成為一個相互信任和相互尊重的自豪聯(lián)盟。 Ronald Reagans Address on the Space Shuttle “Challenger”里根 “挑戰(zhàn)者”航天飛機演說1.Ladies and Gentlemen, Id planned to speak to you tonight to report on the state of the Union, but the events of earlier today have led me to change those plans. Today is a day for mourning and remembering. Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger. We know we share this pain with all of the people of our country. This is truly a national loss. 女士們先生們：本來，我打算今天晚上向你們宣讀國情咨文，但今天早些時候發(fā)生的事件讓我改變了計劃。今天是哀悼和懷念的日子。南希和我為“挑戰(zhàn)者號”航天飛機的悲劇感到至為痛心。我們知道全體國人人同此心。這真正是全國人的損失。2.Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground. But weve never lost an astronaut in flight. Weve never had a tragedy like this. And perhaps weve forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle. But they, the Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly. We mourn seven heroes: Michael Smith, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory Jarvis, and Christa McAuliffe. We mourn their loss as a nation together. 十九年前，幾乎就在今天，在一次可怕的地面事故中，我們喪失了三名宇航員。然而我們從未在飛行中喪失過宇航員，從未經(jīng)歷過這樣的災難。也許我們已經(jīng)忘記，航天飛機機組人員需要多么大的勇氣；但是挑戰(zhàn)者七壯士深知其中的危險，他們堅忍不拔，出色地履行了自己的職責。我們悼念七位英雄：邁克爾史密斯、迪克斯科比、朱迪恩倫斯尼克、羅納德賣克奈爾、埃利森奧尼祖卡、格雷戈里賈維斯、克麗斯塔麥考利夫。我們舉國哀悼失去的英雄。3.For the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy. But we feel the loss, and were thinking about you so very much. Your loved ones were daring and brave, and they had that special grace, that special spirit that says, Give me a challenge, and Ill meet it with joy. They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. They wished to serve, and they did. They served all of us.對于這七個人的家人，我們不能百分之百地像你們那樣的感受這一悲劇的巨大沖擊。但是我們感受到了損失，我們認為你們一定也是這樣。你們的親人大膽而勇敢，他們的特殊姿態(tài)和特殊精神告訴我們：“把挑戰(zhàn)給我，我將愉快接受?！八麄兛释剿饔钪?，發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙的真理。他們希望盡職，他們做到了。他們?yōu)槲覀兯械娜吮M了職。Weve grown used to wonders in this century. Its hard to dazzle us. But for 25 years the United States space program has been doing just that. Weve grown used to the idea of space, and perhaps we forget that weve only just begun. Were still pioneers. They, the members of the Challenger crew, were pioneers. 我們對本世紀的奇跡已經(jīng)習以為常了。很難有什么會使我們贊嘆不已。但是美國航天計劃二十五年來做的正是如此。我們對太空計劃已經(jīng)習以為常，也許已經(jīng)忘了我們只是剛剛開始。我們?nèi)匀皇情_拓者。他們挑戰(zhàn)者號全體機組人員是開拓者。And I want to say something to the schoolchildren of America who were watching the live coverage of the shuttles takeoff. I know its hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen. Its all part of the process of exploration and discovery. Its all part of taking a chance and expanding mans horizons. The future doesnt belong to the fainthearted; it belongs to the brave. The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future, and well continue to follow them.我要對觀看航天飛機發(fā)射直播的美國學童說幾句話。我知道后者難以理解，但有時像這樣令人痛苦的事確實會發(fā)生。這些都是探索和發(fā)現(xiàn)過程的一部分。這些都是承擔風險、拓展人類世界范圍的一部分。未來不屬于弱者，未來屬于強者。挑戰(zhàn)者號全體人員把我們推向未來，我們將繼續(xù)追隨他們。4.Ive always had great faith in and respect for our space program,and what happened today does nothing to diminish it. We dont hide our space program. We dont keep secrets and cover things up. We do it all up front and in public. Thats the way freedom is, and we wouldnt change it for a minute. 對我們的太空計劃，我總是抱著極大的信心，也懷著極大的敬意。今天發(fā)生的悲劇決不會削弱它。我們沒有保密，也沒有掩蓋事實。我們堂堂正正地公開實施它。這正是自由的方式，我們一分鐘也不會改變它。Well continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. Nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue. 我們將繼續(xù)我們的太空探索。我們將有更多次航天飛行，有更多宇航員，更多志愿者，更多平民，更多教師進入太空。一切都不會到此為止。我們的希望和我們的旅程不會停步。I want to add that I wish I could talk to every man and woman who works for NASA, or who worked on this mission and tell them: Your dedication and professionalism have moved and impressed us for decades. And we know of your anguish. We share it. 我還想說，我希望能干跟美國國家航空航天局或者這次航天任務的所有工作人員說話，告訴他們：“幾十年來，你們的奉獻和敬業(yè)精神一直感動著我們，讓我們銘記在心。我們了解到你們的痛苦。我們感同身受?！?.Theres a coincidence today. On this day three hundred and ninety years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama. In his lifetime the great frontiers were the oceans, and a historian later said, He lived by the sea, died on it, and was buried in it. Well, today, we can say of the Challenger crew: Their dedication was, like Drakes, complete. 今天是一個巧合。三百九十年前的今天，偉大的探險家佛朗西斯德雷克勛爵在巴拿馬附近海面的一條船上死去。在他生活的時代，最大的疆界就是海洋。后來一位歷史學家說：“他生在海邊，死在海上，葬在海里?！敖裉煳覀兛梢赃@樣對挑戰(zhàn)者號乘員說：像德雷克一樣，他們的奉獻是毫無保留的。6.The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives. We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and slipped the surly bonds of earth to touch the face of God. 挑戰(zhàn)者號航天飛機乘員的生命歷程給我們帶來榮耀，我們永遠不會忘記他們，也不會忘記今天早上最后一次見到他們，那時他們正準備上路，揮手告別，“掙脫大地粗暴的束縛，去觸摸上帝的臉。”George W.Bushs 9/11 Addredd to the Nation布什911演說1.Good evening.Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes or in their offices. Secretaries, business men and women, military and federal workers,moms and dads. Friends and neighbors.Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror.晚上好。今天，我們的同胞，我們的生活，我們的自由，受到了一系列蓄意的致命的恐怖行為的襲擊。許多人在飛機上或者是在他們的辦公室中不幸遇難，他們中有秘書，有商人和婦女，有軍人和政府工作人員，有父親和母親，還有朋友和鄰居。數(shù)千個生命瞬間就被恐怖分子的卑劣和罪惡的行徑吞噬了。2.The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing, have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness and a quiet, unyielding anger. 飛機撞擊高樓，濃煙滾滾，高樓倒塌，我們無法相信這一畫面，我們心中充滿了極度的悲痛和一種無以言表的悲憤。These acts of mass murder were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But they have failed. Our country is strong. 這次集體大屠殺行為目的是為了恐嚇我們的國家，使美國陷入混亂和倒退。但他們失敗了。我們的國家非常強大。3.A great people has been moved to defend a great nation. Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shattered steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve.我們偉大的人民已經(jīng)行動起來，勇敢保衛(wèi)我們偉大的祖國。恐怖主義的襲擊能夠摧毀我們一些高大的建筑物，但卻不能動搖美國的根基。這些恐怖活動擊碎了鋼鐵，但卻不能擊碎美國人民的鋼鐵意志。4.America was targeted for attack because were the brightest beacon for freedom and opportunity in the world. And no one will keep that light from