高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句全面詳細(xì)講解.doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除定語(yǔ)從句一 定義及相關(guān)術(shù)語(yǔ)1定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的詞之后。2先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。3關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。 關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關(guān)系副詞有when, where, why等 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 注意：弄清楚關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分，是掌握定語(yǔ)從句、選擇好關(guān)系詞的關(guān)鍵。二 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.昨天我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先?。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics. 那就是教我們物理的老師。2. whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)，?？墒÷裕诳谡Z(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho來(lái)代替。LiMingisjusttheboy (whom) Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要見(jiàn)的男孩。Theprofessor (whom) youarewaitingforhascome.你正在等的教授已經(jīng)來(lái)了。Thegirl (whom) theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonitor.老師經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)。3. which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多數(shù)男孩所喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)。Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.他喜歡外國(guó)作家寫(xiě)的書(shū)。Thisisthepen (which) heboughtyesterday.這是他昨天買的鋼筆。Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他們昨晚看的電影一點(diǎn)意思也沒(méi)有。4. that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which.。在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。He is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那個(gè)人。Whereistheman (that/whom) Isawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那個(gè)人在哪兒？Theperson (that/whom) youintroducedtomeisverykind.你介紹給我的那個(gè)人很友好。Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天之后的季節(jié)是夏季。I dont like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜歡結(jié)尾悲傷的故事。The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesnt fit her very well. 安買的衣服不太合身。5. whose指人、物皆可，與后面的名詞有所屬關(guān)系，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.我拜訪了一個(gè)全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一個(gè)爸爸當(dāng)醫(yī)生的朋友。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾經(jīng)住在那幢屋頂已經(jīng)倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替：The house whose windows are broken is empty.The house the windows of which are broken is empty.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?三 “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾經(jīng)就讀過(guò)的學(xué)校很出名。TomorrowIllbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowIll bringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來(lái)。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtennisyesterday.這是我昨天跟他打臺(tái)球的男孩。注意：不能拆開(kāi)的詞組： look for / look after /take care of / put on / take offThisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.這是我正在找的手表。Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.那個(gè)保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地愛(ài)著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.籃子里有好些蘋(píng)果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.我們班總共有40個(gè)學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來(lái)自大城市。Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.迄今為止，他寫(xiě)了10部小說(shuō)，其中3部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。四 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)到這所學(xué)校的那一天。Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.我們團(tuán)聚的時(shí)刻終于到了。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國(guó)成立的日子。Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.你還記得在農(nóng)村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎？2. where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.我十年前住的房子已經(jīng)被拆掉了。Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.我參觀了那個(gè)飼養(yǎng)了許多奶牛的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughttheenemy?這是他們當(dāng)初打敵人的地方嗎？3. why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.請(qǐng)告訴我你誤機(jī)的原因。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。Idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。五 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句 形式上：不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。關(guān)系詞的使用上：A作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略 B可用that C可用who代替whom非限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上：用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。關(guān)系詞的使用上：A不可省略 B不用that C不可用who代替whom限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.老師告訴我說(shuō)湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中國(guó)是一個(gè)歷史悠久的國(guó)家。InthestreetIsawamanwhowasfromAfrica.在街上我看到一個(gè)來(lái)自非洲的人。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句舉例：Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他媽媽十分地愛(ài)他，對(duì)他要求很嚴(yán)格。China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.中國(guó)是1949年成立的，現(xiàn)在正變得越來(lái)越強(qiáng)大。I have been to Hangzhou, which is a very beautiful city. 我去過(guò)杭州，它是一個(gè)非常美麗的城市。補(bǔ)充：（一）限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況1 當(dāng)先行詞為all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等詞時(shí)。Everything that he said was true. 他所說(shuō)的一切都是真的。Thereseemstobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)似乎世界上沒(méi)有什么不可能的事。Is there anything that I can do for you? 有我能為你效勞的事嗎？Thats all that I know. 我知道的就這么多。2.當(dāng)先行詞被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修飾時(shí)。This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 這正是我要買的語(yǔ)法書(shū)。The only thing that is constant is change. 唯一不變的是變化。There was little that we could do to help her. 我們沒(méi)有什么能幫助她的。3 當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。This is the best that has been used against pollution.這是曾經(jīng)用過(guò)的最好的抗污染的辦法。This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. 這是我看過(guò)的最有趣的電影。4. 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。What is the first American film that you have seen? 你看過(guò)的第一部美國(guó)電影是什么？ 5 當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)。Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?有常識(shí)的人誰(shuí)會(huì)相信這種無(wú)聊的事情？Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 哪件T恤衫最合我的身？6當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他們談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠?？（四）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的作用（即所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑Ｔ嚤容^：A.Iknowaplace_wecanhaveapicnic.我知道一個(gè)我們可以野炊的地方。Iknowaplace_isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一個(gè)以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。B.Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespentourholidaystogether.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起 度假的日子。Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過(guò)的日子。C.Thisisthereason_hewasdismissed.這就是他被解雇的原因。Thisisthereason_heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.這就是他向我解釋的他沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議的原因。as 作為關(guān)系代詞，習(xí)慣上用于下列詞組：the same.as such .as as . as， soas1. Take as many books as you want.2. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.3. He read such books as will make him wiser.4. The town is about the same distance from Nanjing as Yangzhou is.As 用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常見(jiàn)以下句型：as you know, as we have seen, as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected, as we can imagine, as has been pointed out習(xí)題演練1. Everything _ I know will be taught to the students.2. This is the best film _ I have ever seen.3. The manager walked toward the gate _ the workers are waiting.4. You cant go into this room _ they are having a meeting.5. I still remember the days _ we studied together.6. The picture _ has a house and flowers is the one I like best.7. Dont make the same mistake _ you did last time.8. He failed in the exam, _ surprised us all .9. He did all _ was necessary to be done. 10. Her parents wouldnt let she marry anyone _ family was poor.11. Tom, _ parents are poor workers, always goes hungry.12. She is the old woman_ I saw this morning.13. Do you know Mr.Zhang_ we like very much.【模擬試題】定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí) 一. 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. We are learning English, a language _ is used in many places in the world.2. Most Americans love Chinese food, _ is cooked in a different way from western food.3. This magazine belongs to the teacher _ teaches us history.4. Anyone _ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall near Beijing.5. Anyone _ has a cold should have a good rest.6. The house _ stands on the top of the hill was built last month.7. The medicine _ he bought is good for your health.8. He is the only person _ saw the accident yesterday.9. Tom is trying to read in the room _ the others are watching TV. 10. We wont forget the day _the hero was killed.11. The student _ the teachers are talking about has won the first prize in the English contest.12. The newspaper _ you are reading is two days old.13. Do you remember the time _ we got lost in the park?14. Ill never forget the time _ we spent together in the army camp.15. They are building a hospital on the street _we used to live.16. The present _ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.17. Happiness is one of the things _ money cannot buy.18. This is the hospital _ her mother works.19. Ill never forget the day _ I joined the League.20. The house _ was pulled down last week is being rebuilt.21. The man _ wife died last year has gone to Japan.22. Tell me the reason _ the American lady left.23. Do you know the boy _