專八人文知識(shí)習(xí)題.doc

美國(guó)概況練習(xí)題：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is _.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is_.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is_.5 _has the worlds oldest written constitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by_.7 In the United States, primary education requires_years.8 Most college students in the United States are in_institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are_.10 _(which state )is not governed by the common law. 練習(xí)題答案及題解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的東方和西方的分界線。2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者發(fā)現(xiàn)和占領(lǐng)的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。3 .Non-hispanics white， 非西班牙裔的白人是美國(guó)最大的種族群體。4 .African Americans， 2000年以前非裔美國(guó)人是美國(guó)最大的少數(shù)民族群體。2000年以后，拉丁裔美國(guó)人的人數(shù)超過(guò)了非裔美國(guó)人的人數(shù)，成為美國(guó)第一大少數(shù)民族群體。5 .America， 美國(guó)擁有世界上最古老的憲法和政黨。6. World War II， 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)幫助美國(guó)走出了經(jīng)濟(jì)困境。7. Six years， 美國(guó)的小學(xué)要花費(fèi)大約六年的時(shí)間。8. Public， 大部分美國(guó)大學(xué)生都在公立學(xué)校就讀。9 .美國(guó)的聯(lián)邦法院系統(tǒng)包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court. 10 .Louisana， 路易斯安娜州不受共同法的約束。美國(guó)概況練習(xí)題：1 Of the fifty states of America, _states now have the death penalty as punishment.2 The four major regions of the United Sates are_.3 _ regions culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.4 _is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.5Hollywoodis often used as a synonym for_6 The most important and largest river in the United States of America is_.7 The north-eastern part of the United States New England enjoys a _climate.8 To the west of mainland American lies the _ Ocean.9 Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_.10 The natives of the continent of the America are the_.練習(xí)題答案及題解:1 38, 美國(guó)現(xiàn)有38個(gè)州懲罰罪犯采用死刑。2 Northeast, South, Midwest and West, 美國(guó)的主要四大部分不包括北部。3 The New England Region, 美國(guó)的新英格蘭地區(qū)， 也就是東北部地區(qū)深受清教思想的影響。4 California，加利福尼亞州是美國(guó)最大的州，擁有人口也最多。5 American films，好萊塢是美國(guó)著名的電影制造地。6 the Mississippi River，美國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流是密西西比河，也是美國(guó)最重要的一條河流。被美國(guó)人視為“眾河之父”，沿河流域也是美國(guó)的主要農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)區(qū)。7 typical continental，美國(guó)東北部的新英格蘭地區(qū)是典型的大陸性氣候。冬天寒冷，夏天炎熱。8 Pacific Ocean， 美國(guó)東臨大西洋，西瀕太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥灣。9 automobile industry， 底特律是美國(guó)著名的汽車城。10 Indians， 美國(guó)的本土居民是當(dāng)?shù)氐挠〉诎踩?。美?guó)概況練習(xí)題：1 _is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A Washington D.CB Los Angeles C San Francisco D New York City2 _ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.A Blacks B Hispanics C Indians D Asian Americans3 Washington D.C. is named after_.A the U.S. President George WashingtonB Christopher ColumbusC both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD none of them4 American and British English are two_ of the English language.A varieties B elements C parts D form5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was_.A Thomas Jefferson B James Monroe C James Madison D Abraham Lincoln6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_.A Rhode Island B Virginia C Texas D Montana7 The national flag of the United States is known as_.A the Star-Spangled Banner B Uncle Sam C Hot Dog D Union Jack8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _.A contribution a state has made to the nationB populationC sizeD none of the above9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _.A the Amazon River B the Mississippi River C the Nile River D the Hudson River10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_ as a gift in 1884.A France B SpainC ItalyD Britain練習(xí)題答案及題解:1 D, 紐約是美國(guó)最大的城市同時(shí)也是最重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)中心和最主要的港口。2 A, 黑人在美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)地位都最為低下。3 C, 首都命名為華盛頓是為了紀(jì)念美國(guó)的第一任總統(tǒng)喬治華盛頓，而聯(lián)邦直轄區(qū)命名為哥倫比亞特區(qū)是為了紀(jì)念第一位從歐洲橫渡大西洋到達(dá)西半球的探險(xiǎn)家克里斯多拂哥倫布。4 A, 美國(guó)英語(yǔ)和英國(guó)英語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的兩種變體。5 D, 美國(guó)歷史上的第一位共和黨總統(tǒng)是亞伯拉罕林肯。6 A, 美國(guó)國(guó)土面積最小的是羅得島。7 A, 美國(guó)的國(guó)旗是星條旗。8 B, 美國(guó)每個(gè)州派往眾議院的代表人數(shù)應(yīng)與本州人口成比例。9 B, 美國(guó)的“眾河之父”指的是密西西比河。10 A, 美國(guó)的自由女神像是法國(guó)人贈(zèng)予的禮物。美國(guó)概況 練習(xí)題： 1. Ernest Hemingway is _. A. Englishman B. American C.Dutch D. Denmark 2 .John Fitzgerald Kennedy is _ president. A. 35th B. 34th C. 33rd D. 32nd 3. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women , Mount Holyoke Female Seminary , opened in _ to serve the “ Muslim sex”. A. New England B. Virginia C. Massachusetts D. New York 4. The capital of Massachusetts is _. A .Providence B. Boston C. Montpelier D. Augusta 5 ._ is the dividing line between the South and North. A .The Hudson River B. The Potomac River C. The Ohio River D. The Missouri River 6 ._ is Washingtons largest city. A .Boise B. Denver C. Tacoma D .Seattle 7. Washington D.C., the capital of U.S. is situated on the _River banks. A .St. Lawrence B. Hudson C. Potomac D. Missouri 8. When did the American Civil War break out? A. 1775 B. 1812 C. 1861 D. 1863 9 .Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence? A .John Adams B. Thomas Jefferson C. Benjamin Franklin D. John Hancock 10. In which day is Halloween celebrated? A .5 November B. 31 October C .17 March D. 25 December 練習(xí)題答案及題解: 1. B,文壇巨匠海明威是美國(guó)人。 2 .A,肯尼迪是美國(guó)的第35任總統(tǒng)。 3. C,美國(guó)的第一所女子學(xué)院開(kāi)設(shè)于馬薩諸塞州。 4 .B,麻省的首府是波士頓。 5. D,美國(guó)南北的分界線是密蘇里河，東西的分界線是密西西比河。 6 .D,華盛頓州的最大城市是西雅圖。 7. C,華盛頓特區(qū)位于波托馬克河上。 8. C,美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于1861年，結(jié)束于1865年。 9 .B,為美國(guó)起草獨(dú)立宣言的是托馬斯杰弗遜。 10 .B,萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夕是10月的最后一天即10月31號(hào)。美國(guó)概況練習(xí)題： 1 The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except _. A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson C William Penn 賓州創(chuàng)始人 D Benjamin Franklin 2 The New Deal was started by _. A Franklin Roosevelt B J.K. Kennedy C George Washington D Thomas Jefferson 3 The United States was rated _ in the world in terms of land areas. A second B third C fourth D fifth 4 The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _. A Teachers B students C headmaster D boards of education 5 The Bill of Rights consists of _. A 10 very short paragraphs in an amendment B 10 amendments adopted in 1787 C 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791 D the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom of religion 6 The United States produces as much as much as half of the worlds _. A wheat and rice B cotton C tobacco D soybeans and corn 7 Which invention marked the beginning of “The Age of Visual Information”? A Newspaper B Telegraph C Laundry machine D Television 8 The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from _. A George Washington B Thomas Jefferson C John Adams D John Locke 9 The District of Manhattan is in the city if _. A Washington D.C. B San Francisco C New York D Chicago 10 The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states_. A according to their population B according to their size C according to their tax paid to federal government D equally 練習(xí)題答案及題解 1 C, 華盛頓、杰弗遜和弗蘭克林都是美國(guó)創(chuàng)建時(shí)的元老功勛、而William Penn 是美國(guó)賓州的創(chuàng)始人。 2 A, 新政是羅斯福為了應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條而提出的。 3 C, 就面積而言， 美國(guó)是世界第四大國(guó)。 4 D, 對(duì)此有決定權(quán)的是教育委員會(huì)。 5 C, 人權(quán)法案是于1791年增補(bǔ)到憲法法案上來(lái)的前十條修正案。 6 D, 美國(guó)出產(chǎn)占世界一半的是大豆和玉米。 7 D, 開(kāi)創(chuàng)人類視覺(jué)信息革命的重大發(fā)明是電視機(jī)。 8 D, 美國(guó)的許多政治觀念都是來(lái)源于英國(guó)著名哲學(xué)家約翰洛克。 9 C, 曼哈頓是紐約市的著名經(jīng)濟(jì)和商業(yè)區(qū)， 也是紐約的中心地帶。 10 D, 美國(guó)每一個(gè)州在參議院中均有兩位議員作為代表，與各州人口無(wú)關(guān)和眾議院不同）。美國(guó)概況 練習(xí)題： 1 The Rocky Mountains is located in _. A Great Britain B Australia C South Africa D North America 2 Hollywood, the centre of American movie industry, is closest to which city? A Los Angles B Chicago C New York D Washington 3 Which of the following is an American newspaper? A The Guardian B Newsweek 新聞周刊 美C The International Herald Tribune法 D The Daily Telegraph 英4 The U.S. is called a “melting pot” because _. A its steel industry is highly developed B it has great influence on the world C it is an important economic center of the world D people from different races live there together 5 The first Puritans came to America on the ship _. A Codpeed B Susan Constant C May Flower D Discovery 6 Americans celebrate Memorial Day on the last Monday in May to honor those who have _. A given their lives for their country B made great scientific discoveries C won American great reputation in sports D donated large amounts of money to the country 7 “Trick or Treat” is a phrase that children often use when they celebrated _. A New Years Day B Veterans Day C Halloween D Christmas 8 The Easter egg and the hare, two of the symbols most frequently associated with Easter, are considered to present _. A vigor and bravery B fertility and new life C originality and speed D happiness and fun 9 Which of the following books is not written by Mark Twain, whose real name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens? A The Adventures of Tom Sawyer B The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn C Life on the Mississippi D Leaves of grass 10 Which of the following books is written by Washington Irving? A Nature Ralph W. Emerson B The Scarlet Letter 霍桑C The Sketch Book D Farewell to Arms 練習(xí)題答案及題解: 1 D, 落基山脈位于美國(guó)西北部， 向東南延伸。 2 A, 好萊塢和迪士尼均位于洛杉磯。 3 B, 新聞周刊是美國(guó)的報(bào)紙， 而國(guó)際先驅(qū)論壇是法國(guó)的， 衛(wèi)報(bào)和每日電訊為英國(guó)的。 4 D, 美國(guó)被稱之為“大熔爐”是因?yàn)閬?lái)自世界各地的人們所帶來(lái)的各自的文化在此交融形成獨(dú)特的多元文化特征。 5 C, 首批清教徒到美國(guó)時(shí)乘坐的船是“五月花號(hào)”。 6 A, Memorial Day 是美國(guó)的陣亡將士紀(jì)念日。 7 C, 萬(wàn)圣節(jié)是美國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。萬(wàn)圣節(jié)前夜， 孩子們帶著各種面具， 穿著奇異的衣服，跑到鄰居家門前，高聲喊著：“Trick or Treat”，向大人們討要糖果。不給的鄰居就會(huì)遭到小孩的惡作劇。 8 B, 復(fù)活節(jié)彩蛋和兔子是“多產(chǎn)和新生”的象征。 9 D, Leaves if grass 是 Walt Whitman 的作品。 10 C, Washington Irving 被稱作是美國(guó)文學(xué)之父， 這是他最有名的作品。A 是 Ralph W. Emerson 的作品, B 是 Nathaniel Hawthorne 的作品, D 是 Earnest Hemingway 的作品。美國(guó)概況 練習(xí)題： 1 The world-famous Havard University is in _. A Massachusetts B New York C Washington D.C. D Maine 2 Which of the following statements about American education is wrong? A Elementary and secondary education in America is free and compulsory B Private schools are financially supported by religious or nonreligious private organizations or individuals. C There are more public colleges and universities than the private ones D Credits taken at community colleges are normally applicable to requirement for a four-year bachelors degree. 3 _ is a symbol of American theatre and world-class entertainment. A Broadway B Wall Street C The Fifth Avenue D Times Square 4 _ is not a tourist attraction in the United States. A Yellowstone National Park B Grand Canyon C St. Patricks Cathedral D Stonehenge 5 _ was an actor before he became the President. A Ronald Reagan B Abraham Lincoln C Herbert Hoover D Jimmy Carter 6 New Englanders were originally known as _, which come to stand for all Americans. A Hippies B Yankees C Uncle Sam D Brother Jonathan 7 On the 30th of April 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in _, which housed the government then. A New York B Washington D.C. C Philadelphia D Boston 8 Which of the following people was not an American President? A John Hancock B John Adams C John Q. Adams D Jimmy Carter 9 Henry Fond was the first man to _. A design a plane B fly an aeroplane C mass-produciton a carD design and make a car 10 “That government of the people, by the people, for the people, ”were the words by _. A Thomas Jefferson B Abraham Lincoln C Andrew Johnson D Theodore Roosevelt 練習(xí)題答案及題解: 1 A, 哈佛大學(xué)位于馬薩諸塞州的劍橋(Cambridge)鎮(zhèn)。 2 C, 在美國(guó)， 私立高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)要多于公立的。象麻省理工， 耶魯大學(xué)， 哈佛大學(xué)都是私立的。 3 A, 百老匯是一條由南向北貫穿曼哈頓全島的大道， 其中心地帶是在第42借“時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)”附近， 周圍云集了幾十家劇院， 上演被稱為現(xiàn)代歌舞劇的劇目。 4 D, Stonehenge 在英國(guó)， 是古代城池的遺跡。 5 A, 里根從政前曾經(jīng)在好萊塢闖蕩20多年，參與演出了50多部電影。 6 B, Yankees 一詞具有豐富的含義。 現(xiàn)在用于代表美國(guó)人，俗稱美國(guó)佬。 在美國(guó)南部，Yankee是指美國(guó)北部各州的居民， 即北方佬；而對(duì)多數(shù)美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，Yankee 意味著新英格蘭人。 7 A, 1789年George Washington 在紐約宣誓就職， 1790年首都遷往費(fèi)城。 1800年以后定都華盛頓。 8 A, John Hancock，因其當(dāng)時(shí)在獨(dú)立宣言上的簽名很大，他的名字在美語(yǔ)里變成了簽名的代名詞。 9 C, Henry Ford 早期是一名技師， 雖然沒(méi)有發(fā)明汽車， 但他是第一位批量生產(chǎn)汽車的人。 10 B, 這是Abraham Lincoln 于1863年11月19日在葛底斯堡陣亡將士墓舉行落成儀式上發(fā)表的著名的葛底斯堡演說(shuō)的片語(yǔ)。英國(guó)概況 練習(xí)題：1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _.A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century. ？2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _ has very little power.A queen B monarch C prime minister D king3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?A the Labor Party B the Conservative Party C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party4 On accepting _, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of IndependenceC Civil Law D Bill of Rights5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until _.A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 18966 The British North America Act of 1867 established _ as a domain.A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India7 During World War II, as a war leader, _ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _.A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia9 In Britain, a _ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _.A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King 練習(xí)題答案及題解:1 D, 英國(guó)之所以能成為世界上最早開(kāi)始工業(yè)化的國(guó)家,原因有很多。但英國(guó)是從17世紀(jì)以后逐步開(kāi)始對(duì)海外貿(mào)易和開(kāi)拓海外殖民地產(chǎn)生濃厚興趣的。2 B, 英國(guó)是君主立憲制國(guó)家，國(guó)王或女王（君主）幾乎沒(méi)什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的權(quán)力。3 A, 保守黨和自由黨是英國(guó)最早成立的兩個(gè)黨派。大致來(lái)說(shuō)，保守黨是中上層階級(jí)的黨，它得到大公司財(cái)政上的支持；而工黨，主要得到工會(huì)的支持，它的支持者主要是中產(chǎn)階級(jí)和知識(shí)分子。4 D, 權(quán)利法案的簽署，標(biāo)志著英國(guó)進(jìn)入了君主立憲制時(shí)代，一個(gè)君主幾乎沒(méi)有什么實(shí)質(zhì)性權(quán)力并受制于議會(huì)的時(shí)代。5 A, 直到1918年婦女才在全國(guó)大選中享有選舉權(quán)。6 B, 1867年英國(guó)北美法案將加拿大納為它的自治領(lǐng)。7 D, 在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中，當(dāng)時(shí)的英國(guó)首相丘吉爾作為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)統(tǒng)帥受到了英國(guó)人民的廣泛擁戴，并帶領(lǐng)英國(guó)人民贏得了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的最后勝利。8 C, ?？颂m群島戰(zhàn)役是發(fā)生在英國(guó)和阿根廷著這兩個(gè)國(guó)家之間。位于大西洋南部的?？颂m群島從1892年起就是英國(guó)的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷開(kāi)始控制這些島嶼，但是英國(guó)最終打敗了阿根廷，并重新占領(lǐng)了這些島嶼。9 B, 英國(guó)的下院議會(huì)成員中有人去世、退休或辭職時(shí)，就要進(jìn)行補(bǔ)缺選舉。10 C, 在英國(guó)，部長(zhǎng)們是由首相推薦，女王加以任命的。英國(guó)概況 練習(xí)題： 1 How many members are there in the House of Commons? A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651 2 Which of the following people didnt use to be the British Prime Minister? A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson海軍統(tǒng)帥Viscount Nelson D John Major 3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom. A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House 4 The Tories were the forerunners of _, which still bears this nickname today. A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party 5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the _ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition. A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest 6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britains _ decline. A political B educational C military D economic 7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _. A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition 8 Today, in Britain, _ is called a “sick” industry. A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding 9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor _ modified and improved the design in 1765. AAbraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe 10 _ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism. A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution 練習(xí)題答案及題解: 1 D, 下議院共有651名議員。 2 C, 撒切爾夫人，丘吉爾和梅杰都曾經(jīng)做過(guò)英國(guó)首相；而納爾遜（1758-1805），英國(guó)海軍統(tǒng)帥，因作戰(zhàn)負(fù)傷，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海艦隊(duì)司令，在特法爾加角海戰(zhàn)中大敗西班牙聯(lián)合艦隊(duì)，本人受重傷陣亡，號(hào)稱 Viscount Nelson。 3 A, 在英國(guó)，按照傳統(tǒng)，多數(shù)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人由君主任命為首相，首相從本黨內(nèi)部挑選一些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人擔(dān)任各部部長(zhǎng)職位。 4 B, 托利黨是英國(guó)保守黨的前身。 5 B, 在英國(guó)，在下議院中贏得第二席位的政黨為反對(duì)黨，它也有它自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和影子內(nèi)閣（shadow cabinet）。 6 D, 現(xiàn)在“英國(guó)病”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用來(lái)指英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)上的衰退。 7 C, 正如20世紀(jì)40年代被看作是國(guó)有化的時(shí)代一樣，20世紀(jì)80年代被看作是私有化的時(shí)代。包括英國(guó)石油、航空、鋼鐵、電訊在內(nèi)的幾乎40% 的國(guó)有公司實(shí)現(xiàn)了私有化。 8 A, 英國(guó)煤礦業(yè)被稱為生病工業(yè)。英國(guó)的煤產(chǎn)量在一戰(zhàn)前達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)，如今的英國(guó)的煤礦業(yè)衰退，從而導(dǎo)致礦工的數(shù)量、煤礦的總產(chǎn)量大大下降。 9 B, 第一臺(tái)蒸汽機(jī)是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世紀(jì)末設(shè)計(jì)的，后來(lái)蘇格蘭發(fā)明家瓦特在1765年對(duì)原有的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)提高，生產(chǎn)出了第一臺(tái)高效的蒸汽機(jī)并應(yīng)用到紡織和其他機(jī)械業(yè)中。 10 B, 工業(yè)革命產(chǎn)生了工人階級(jí)，即無(wú)產(chǎn)階級(jí)。后來(lái)形成了工會(huì)制度。英國(guó)概況 練習(xí)題： 1 _ is the key to Industrial Revolution. A Iron B Cotton Textile C Coal mining D Steam engine 2 _ became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution. A Criticism B Modernism C Romanticism D Renaissance 3 Modern football game began in _. A China B France C England D Germany 4 _ is the leader of the British government. A Prime Minister B Queen C President D Governor 5 The second largest city in England, _ , is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing