Americaof1950s.ppt

Americaof1950s politics KevinEntertainment WinnieEconomy MonicaScience Bella Americanpoliticsin1950s 1950 Pres HarryTruman til1952 approvesproductionofthehydrogenbombandsendsairforceandnavytoKoreainJune ProductionofthehydrogenbombKoreawar Thepurpose TocompetewithUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics coldwar Wanttobethekeyleaderoftheworld Koreawar Despitethepost WorldWarIIdemobilizationofU S andalliedforces whichcausedserioussupplyproblemsforAmericantroopsintheregion theUnitedStatesstillhadsubstantialforcesinJapantoopposetheNorthKoreanmilitary TheseAmericanforceswereunderthecommandofGeneralDouglasMacArthur ApartfromBritishCommonwealthunits noothernationcouldsupplysizablemanpower 1953 FightingendsinKorea TheaffectofthisunsuccesfulwarItcost54 000Americanlivesand 67billioninexpenditures ThisunsuccessfulwarcausedAmericanstorejecttheDemocraticpartyin1952andtore electEisenhower Thewaralsoincreasedfearofcommunistaggressionand 1952 TheImmigrationandNaturalizationActof1952removesracialandethnicbarrierstobecomingaU S citizen TheImmigrationandNationalityAct orINA wascreatedin1952 BeforetheINA avarietyofstatutesgovernedimmigrationlawbutwerenotorganizedinonelocation TheMcCarran Walterbillof1952 PublicLawNo 82 414 collectedandcodifiedmanyexistingprovisionsandreorganizedthestructureofimmigrationlaw TheActhasbeenamendedmanytimesovertheyears butisstillthebasicbodyofimmigrationlaw 1955 TheAmericanFederationofLaborandtheCongressofIndustrialOrganizationsmergemakingthenewAFL CIOanorganizationwith15millionmembers 1959 AlaskaandHawaiibecometheforty ninthandfiftiethstates Theyarecalledfireandice Entertainmentof1950s FashionMusicMovie Fashion Maincharacteristic thestrongelementofconservatismandanticommunistfeelingclothes bluejeansandpoodleskirtsentertainmentareas nationalparksandthenewDisneylandToy Barbiedollsbecomepopularamonggirls Poodleskirts Music Whenthe1950 sarementioned thefirsttypeofmusiccomestomostpeople smindsisrock roll Thistypeofmusicwaspopularwithteenagerswhoweretryingtobreakoutofthemainstream 主流 conservative Americanmiddleclassmold MusicintheFiftieswasmorethanjustrock roll Crooners 柔聲唱歌的流行歌手 werealsopopular MovieAstreetcarnameddesire 欲望號街車 Thestoryisdevelopedsatirically people smutualslaughter 自相殘殺 isoutofstrongdesire andaworldwithjunglelaw theweakarethepreyofthestrong takesshape Itisthefirstmoviethatthinksaboutsex seffectonpeople sbodyandmind Themoviebreakthroughthe happyending stereotypeofHollywoodmovieswithatragedyend MarlonBrando 馬龍 白蘭度 Hebroughtthetechniquesofmethodactingtoprominenceinthefilms Hisactingstyle combinedwithhispublicpersonaasanoutsideruninterestedintheHollywoodoftheearly1950s hadaprofoundeffectonagenerationofactors includingJamesDeanandPaulNewman RomanHoliday The holiday inmyopinion meansfreedomforboththeprincessesandthejournalist AudreyHepburn Sheisaangelfallingdowntotheearth andisbeautifulbothinapprearanceandheart Andherbeautyneverfadeswithherageordeath CatonaHotTinRoof 朱門巧婦 Thecentralthemeoftheplayismendacity 虛偽 awordthattheactorusestodescribehisdisgustabouttheworld TheplayalsocontainssuggestionstohomosexualityoratleasttheroleofhomosexualityintheSouthernsociety ElizabethTaylor Shewasthe mostbeautifulwoman intheworld Shehasgottenmarriedfor8times RebelWithoutaCause 無因的反抗 Thismoviereflectstheteenagers confusionandchaos anditisamilestoneofthiskindofmovies AudienceareimpressedbyJamesDean sgloomyeyes murmuringtohimselfandhandstuckedinhisjacket spocket JamesDean Heonlyactedthreemoviesallhislife butheisoneofonlyfivepeopletobenominatedforBestActorforhisfirstfeaturerole andtheonlypersontobenominatedtwiceafterhisdeath Manyteenagersofthetimemodeledthemselvesafterhim andhemadethejeansmorepopular economic Thestartofgoldenage The1940sstateintervention The1950srestored developedpiecefullygoldoutflowing The1960sdevelopedfastpowerofscienceandtechnology 1955atypicalyearofthe1950 sStandedfortherapideconomicgrowthofthedecade 1Nationaloutput10percentabove19542productionofmanufacturers40percentmore3Nationalincome30percentmorethan1950 4businessspent30billiondollarsfornewfactoriesandmachinery 5Consumersspentabout256billiondollars6Almostfullyemployedpeople65millionemployed2millionunemployed agoodcondition science In1951TranscontinentaltelevisionbeginswithaspeechbyPres Truman Whilecommercialtelevisionevolvedthroughothertechnologies AT Tdevised builtandoperatedthesystemthatmadenetworktransmissionpossible Beginningin1948withanetworkconnectingstationsfromBostontoSt Louis AT Tconstructedcableandmicrowave relayfacilitiesthatspannedNorthAmerica PresidentHarryTrumaninauguratedtranscontinentaltelevisionserviceonSept 4 1951 whenAT TcarriedhisaddresstotheUnitedNationsinSanFranciscotoviewersasfarawayasNewEngland In1955Dr JonasSalkdevelopedavaccineforpolio In1947 SalkacceptedanappointmenttotheUniversityofPittsburghMedicalSchool Whileworkingthere withtheNationalFoundationforInfantileParalysis Salksawanopportunitytodevelopavaccineagainstpolio anddevotedhimselftothisworkforthenexteightyears In1955Salk syearsofresearchpaidoff Humantrialsofthepoliovaccineeffectivelyprotectedthesubjectfromthepoliovirus WhennewsofthediscoverywasmadepubliconApril12 1955 Salkwashailedasamiracleworker Hefurtherendearedhimselftothepublicbyrefusingtopatentthevaccine Hehadnodesiretoprofitpersonallyfromthediscovery butmerelywishedtoseethevaccinedisseminatedaswidelyaspossible JonasEdwardSalk October28 1914 June23 1995 wasanAmericanbiologistandphysicianbestknownfortheresearchanddevelopmentofakilled viruspoliovaccine theeponymousSalkvaccine Duringhislife SalkworkedinNewYork Michigan PittsburghandCalifornia Inhislatercareer hedevotedmuchenergytowardthedevelopmentofanAIDSvaccine WhilebeinginterviewedbyEdwardR MurrowonSeeItNowin1955 Salkwasasked Whoownsthepatentonthisvaccine Surprisedbythequestion sassumptionoftherequirementofaprofitmotiveforhiscreation heresponded Thereisnopatent Couldyoupatentthesun 1958ExplorerI thefirstU S satellite successfullyorbitstheearth Explorer1IdenticalbackupfortheoriginalsatelliteThissatellitewasbuiltasabackup anidenticalunitfortheoriginalExplorer1 Itcouldhavebeenlaunchedifthefirstonehadfailed Thestripedportioncontainstheinstruments radios andbatteries Itisattachedtoasinglesolid propellantrocketmotor whichservedasthelaunchvehicle sfourthstage Length 203cm 80in includingrocketmotorDiameter 15cm 6in Weight 13 9kg 30 7lb LaunchVehicle Jupiter C JunoI Explorer1becameAmerica sfirstsatelliteonJanuary31 1958 FollowingtheSovietsuccesswithSputnikandtheembarrassingfailureinDecember1957ofthefirstAmericanattempttolaunchasatellite theU S Armylaunchedascientificsatelliteusingarocketthathadbeendevelopedtotestguidedmissilecomponents Explorer1carriedaninstrumentpackagedevelopedbyateamattheStateUniversityofIowaunderthedirectionofProfessorJamesA VanAllen DatareturnedbyExplorer1andExplorer3 launchedinMarch1958 providedevidencethattheEarthissurroundedbyintensebandsofradiation nowcalledtheVanAllenradiationbelts Thiswasthefirstmajorscientificdiscoveryofthespaceage People ThreekeyExplorer1teammemberstriumphantlydisplayafull scalemodelofthesatelliteafteritssuccessfullaunch Fromlefttoright WilliamH Pickering directoroftheJetPropulsionLaboratory whichdesignedandbuiltExplorer JamesA VanAllen UniversityofIowaphysicistwhodirectedthedesignandcreationofExplorer sinstruments WernhervonBraun headoftheU S ArmyBallisticMissileAgencyteamthatdesignedandbuilttheJupiter Crocket 1958 Thefirstdomesticjet airlinepassengerserviceisbegunbyNationalAirlinesbetweenNewYorkCityandMiami WithintheUnitedStates NationalAirlinesbecamethefirsttobeginjet