動詞時態(tài)主動語態(tài).doc

動詞時態(tài)(主動語態(tài))A、預(yù)備知識：一、動詞分類：1. 行為動詞（謂動）： 2. 情態(tài)動詞： 3. 系動詞： 4. 助動詞：do , be , will , have/has , 外加情態(tài)。 練習(xí)：將下列動詞分類，并寫在上面空格處。 Teach run swim be seem feel sound can could may might must should 二、一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時的主動語態(tài)，要注意be的用法：有行為動詞，不要be 動詞；沒有行為動詞，要加上be 。改錯：1.He is goes to school everyday .2. They werent walk to school yesterday . . 3. Are they often have lunch at school ?4. He was returned the book to you yesterday .5. He fifteen years old .6. My father at home now .B、八種時態(tài)：一、 一般現(xiàn)在時：1. 哪種情況下使用一般現(xiàn)在時？(1). 經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作 (2). 客觀事實：客觀真理，自然現(xiàn)象等等。 (3). 狀語從句 主將從現(xiàn)2. 記號詞 often (經(jīng)常) usually (通常) sometimes (有時) alaways (總是) every day (每天) every Sunday (每周星期天)3. 第三人稱單數(shù) (三單)：he , she , it , 單數(shù)人 , 單數(shù)物 , 不定式、動名詞、不定代詞作主語 4. 結(jié)構(gòu)：(1). 肯定句：主語三單 + 動詞三單 。 主語不是三單 + 動原 。(2). 問句： Does + 主語三單 + 動原 ？ Do + 主語不是三單 + 動原 ？(3). 否定句：主語三單 + doesnt + 動原 。 主語不是三單 + dont + 動原 。5問題：1什么是動詞的三單形式？2一般現(xiàn)在時中，只有哪一種情況，動詞才使用動詞的三單形式？3以上結(jié)構(gòu)中，do , does , dont , doesnt 是什么詞？起什么作用？它們有沒有漢語意思？6練習(xí)：1. He often to school by bike .A. is go B. is goes C. go D. goes2. he reading ?A. Is , like B. Is , likes C. Does , like D. Does , likes3. She living in the country .A. isnt enjoy B. isnt enjoys C. doesnt enjoy D. doesnt enjoys4. Hundreds years ago , Bruno(布魯諾)had already known that the moon roundthe earth .A. is goes B. goes C. was go D. went5. Reading in bed bad for your health .A. be B. am C. is D. are6. I wont let you go if you your idea .A. wont give up B. dont give up C. arent give up 二、 一般過去時：1 動作發(fā)生在過去，強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間、地點。2 記號詞： (1). yesterday 昨天 two days ago 兩天前 last week 上周 just now 剛才 in 1998 在1998年 (2). 表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事，如果與等詞搭配，也要用一般過去時。3. 結(jié)構(gòu)：(1). 肯定句：主語 + 動ed 。(2). 問句： Did + 主語 + 動原 ？(3). 否定句：主語 + didnt + 動原 。4問題：1. 一般過去時沒有三單概念。 2. 以上結(jié)構(gòu)中，did , didnt是什么詞？起什么作用？它們有沒有漢語思？ 3一般過去時中，只有哪一種情況，動詞才使用動ed ？5練習(xí)：1. he (do) his homework yesterday ?.2. He (not do) his homework yesterday .3. When I was young , I often (listen) to stories under the tree .4. He did went to school last Monday . 5. I wasnt talk with my teacher this morning . 三、 現(xiàn)在進行時：1. 正在進行，正在發(fā)生。2. 記號詞：(1). now , (2). look , (3). Listen (4). Its five in the afternoon (5). 祈使句(說話的時間是此時此刻)3. 結(jié)構(gòu)：am / is / are + Ving 練習(xí)：1. Listen , Who the door ?A. is knocking B. knocking at C. is knock at D. is knocking at2. A: they an English lesson at the moment ? B: Yes , they are . A. Are , having B. Are , have C. Do , have D. Do , having 3Alawys , never 用于現(xiàn)在進行時，表示一種很強烈的感情。厭惡或是贊揚 。(1). The boy is always so much noise .A. make B. makes C. making(2) Are you never to your teacher ? If your answer is “yes” , it means youre bad boy .A. listen B. listening四、 過去進行時：1. 過去某個時刻正在發(fā)生的動作。2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：was / were + Ving3. 記號詞： (1). At nine yesterday from nine to ten last Sunday at that time (2). When / while + 時間狀語從句 (過去)4. 注意：(1). When / while引導(dǎo)一個動作發(fā)生在過去的從句，不管是主句，還是從句的謂語動詞。 只要是延續(xù)性動詞 過去進行時 只要是 非延續(xù)性動詞 一般過去時(2). 一般過去時，過去進行時和過去完成時的區(qū)別： A如果兩個動作發(fā)生在過去，一先一后，或間隔比較長。最先發(fā)生的用過去完成時；最后發(fā)生的用一般過去時。 B如果兩個動作發(fā)生在過去，而且是同時發(fā)生的，延續(xù)性用過去進行時，非延續(xù)性用一般現(xiàn)在時。 5練習(xí)：1. What you at six yesterday morning ?A. do, do B. did , do C. was, doing D. were doing2. It when I got off the bus .A. snows B. was snowing C. snow D. snowed3. The Smiths along the road when their car broke out爆胎 .A. drove B. were driving C. are driving 4. The boy (play) outside when it (begin) to rain five days ago .5. He (run) when he (fell) down last school sports meeting .6. I (watch) TV while my mother (cook) yesterday .7. 我父親在我看電視時睡著了。My father I TV .五、 一般將來時：1結(jié)構(gòu)：(1). be going to + 動原 打算做，準(zhǔn)備做。(2). Will +動原 打算做，準(zhǔn)備做。(愿望色彩很濃)(3). Shall I / we + 動原? 表將來，但一般用來提建議。我們做某事好嗎？(4). be + 動ing 有些動詞 come go fly leave arrive move，可以用進行時表將來 Tomorrow next week from now on in the future sooner or later before long long before in + 將來時間 (在. 以后) 3注意：狀語從句中用will表將來，不用be going to表將來。練習(xí)：1. A: we (go) hiking ? B: Good idea .2. They (go) for a picnic next week .3. We (fish) if it (not rain) tomorrow .4. He is going to see me as soon as he comes back from XingJiang . 六、 過去將來時：1。從過去某個時間來看，將要發(fā)生的動作。2結(jié)構(gòu)：(1). Was / were going to + V原(2). Would + V原3.常用于賓語從句中 (主過賓過) 。練習(xí)：1.Could you tell me if you (take) part in our school sports meeting next month ?2. Paul said that he (go) to BeiJing this weekend . 3. He hoped that he (meet) me soon .4. I wondered if he come the next day .A. is B. will C. would D. was going 5. 她想知道我將來打算做什么。 She wondered I .七、現(xiàn)在完成時(一)。用法：1。動作發(fā)生在過去，但強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的 影響。2.，動作發(fā)生在過去，但一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。 Since , for , how long . (二)、現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的區(qū)別： 一般過去時：1。強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間，地點(where除外)。過去 2。句中有過去的具體時間yesterday, ago , last , when 等等。 現(xiàn)在完成時： 1。強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響。 2動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。練習(xí)：1. I (have) a cold yesterday .2. When you (give) it back to me ? last week .3. I (lose) my watch . I (lose) it on the train .4. 他去哪里了？他去美國了。 Where he ? He America .(三)。記號詞1(1). just 剛剛 (2). never從不 (3). before以前 (7). ever曾經(jīng) (4). already已經(jīng) (5). yet已經(jīng) (6). Not yet還沒有 (8): 注意：just （現(xiàn)在完成時） just now（一般過去時）2. 是不是出現(xiàn)了以上記號詞，就一定要使用現(xiàn)在完成時？ .3. since ,for ,how long（一段時間） 現(xiàn)在完成時(1). Since + 過去的具體時間 自從. (since two years ago ) 主句（現(xiàn)在完成時）+ since + 從句（一般過去時）(2). For + 一段時間 (3). How long 多長時間練習(xí)：用since , for填空。1。He has been in China two years .2I have been in the shirt two days ago .3He has been asleep half an hour .4I havent seen him 1992 .(四)。since , for , how long（一段時間） 延續(xù)性 Since , for , how long從意思上看，表示動作延續(xù)了一點時間，所以動作要用延續(xù)性動詞。練習(xí)：1 將下列非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成延續(xù)性動詞，并寫出其漢語意思。(1). buy (2). catch / get a cold (3). borrow / lend (4). come / go / become / arrive (5). put on (6). open (7). close (8). fall asleep (9). join (10). die (11). leave (12). end / finish (13). begin (14). get / receive a letter from , hear from a letter from 2 改錯：(1). How long can I borrow the book ?(2). I have bought the dictionary since last week .(3). M r. Lee has joined the party for 20 years .(4). How long has he died ?(5). I have left there for 10 years .3. 不要叫醒他，他剛睡了半小時。Dont wake him up , He just for half an hour .4. 他收到Jim的信有4天了。He a letter from Jim for 4 days 5. We each other for a long time .A: see B: saw C: are seeing D: havent seen 記?。悍茄永m(xù)性動詞的否定形式相當(dāng)于延續(xù)性動詞。 (五)、短語辨析1Have been in + 地點（一直住在某地）2Have been to + 地點（曾經(jīng)去過某地，已回來）3Have gone to + 地點（去某地了，現(xiàn)在不在這兒）4注意：地點副詞的前面不能加介詞。 練習(xí):1. A: Wheres Jim ? B: He _ England .A: has gone to B: has been to C: went to 2. Mr. Green China for three years .A: has been to B: has come to C: has been in 3. Bruce is young , but he many foreign countries .A: has been in B: has been to C: has gone to 4. Anns grandpa was not in good health . Ann see him last week .A: has gone to B: has been to C: went to 5. How wonderful the great wall ! I a place of interest like this .A: have never been to B: didnt go to C: have never gone to 八、過去完成時：1. 兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去，最先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成時，最后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去時。 過去的過去 過去完成時2. 常用于賓語從句中。主過賓過3. 結(jié)構(gòu)：had + 過去分詞4. 記號詞：(1). by / by the end of + 過去時間 到. 為止(2) by the time + 從句 (過去時間) 到. 為止練習(xí)：用所給動詞的正確形式填空。1. We (know) the news by yesterday .2. He said that he (become) a member of the party last July .3. We already (have) supper when he (come) back .4. By the time we (get) there , the bus already (go) .5. He (say) that he never (see) such an exciting match before .6. We (reach) the station before ten oclock yesterday .練習(xí)：一、 選擇題：1. I give him the letter as soon as he back .A. am going to , come B. am going to , comes C. will , come D. will , comes 2. We the news by the day before yesterday .A. know B. knew C. had known D. had know 3. If it tomorrow , well not play football .A. rains B. dont rain C. doesnt rain D. wont rain 4. The family TV when I at the door .A. was watching , knocked B. watched , was knocking C. were watching , knowed D. were watching , was knocking5. He said he a party last July .A. would become B. become C. was becoming D. had become 6. A: Dick back yet ? B: Yes , he has .A. Does , come B. Did , come C. Has , come D. Has , returned 7. A: When she ? B: Two years ago .A. did , return B. did , returned C. has , returned D. was , returned8. I to Beijing twice .A. had gone B. had been C. have been D. have gone 9. My sister to New York . Shes studying there .A. had gone B. have gone C. went D. has gone10. We already our supper when he came back .A. have , had B. had , had C. were , having11. Kate a little Chinese before she came to China .A. has know B. known C. knows D. had known12. The film is the most interesting one that I .A. saw B. seen C. had ever seen D. have ever seen 13. After he his lessons , he had a short rest .A. has done B. had done C. did 14. What you at 10 last night ?A. were , writing B. was , written C. did , write 15. While I with the headmaster , Li Ming came up (過來) 。A. talked B. talking C. was talking 二、 用所給動詞的正確時態(tài)填空：1. They (not leave) until he returns .2. H