江蘇專(zhuān)轉(zhuǎn)本《語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣》.ppt

虛擬語(yǔ)氣 Definition 陳述語(yǔ)氣 theIndicativeMood 用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí) 或提出一個(gè)想法 有肯定 否定 疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式 Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater 虛語(yǔ)語(yǔ)氣 theSubjunctiveMood 表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的一種愿望 建議 命令 要求 有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè) 料想 或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望 1 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)1 條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法 2 條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝 3 名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法 4 幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法 5 虛擬語(yǔ)氣與陳述語(yǔ)氣的判定 if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句 區(qū)別 Ifitrainstomorrow thecropswillbesaved 陳述語(yǔ)氣 Ifitrainedtomorrow thecropswouldbesaved 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 If 主 did were 主 would should could might 動(dòng)詞原形 IfIwereyou Iwouldtryitagain 1 如果我是你 我會(huì)再試一次 2 如果我有一百萬(wàn)美元 我會(huì)買(mǎi)下這架飛機(jī) IfIhadonemilliondollars Iwouldbuytheplane 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句 If 主 haddonesth 主 would should could might 動(dòng)詞完成式 havedone Ifhehadworkedhard hewouldhavepassedtheexamination 1 如果他努力學(xué)的話(huà) 他就通過(guò)這次考試 IfIhadmarriedher Iwouldhavebeenunhappy 2 要是當(dāng)時(shí)我和她結(jié)了婚的話(huà) 那我是很不幸的 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句 通常有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) Ifhecameheretomorrow Iwouldtellhimaboutit Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow Iwouldtellhim 1 如果他明天來(lái)的話(huà) 我會(huì)告訴他這件事 2 如果他明天來(lái)的話(huà) 我會(huì)告訴他 If 主 did wereto shoulddo 主 would should could might 動(dòng)詞原形 Ifyou tomorrow you findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice A shouldcome wouldB wouldcome wouldC willcome shouldD comes might Iftheparents atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident thechildwouldhavebeensaved A arrivesB arriveC hadarrivedD hasarrived Ifhe he thatfood Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately A waswarned wouldnothavetakenB hadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakenC wouldbewarned hadnottakenD wouldhavebeenwarned hadnottaken Ididn tseeyoursisteratthemeeting Ifshe shewouldhavemetmybrother A hascomeB didcomeC cameD hadcome Ifmylawyer herelastSunday he mefromgoing A hadbeen wouldhavepreventedB hadbeen wouldpreventC were wouldpreventD were wouldhaveprevented 倒裝的If虛擬句 條件狀語(yǔ)的倒裝 如果條件狀語(yǔ)中有were had should時(shí) 可以倒裝成 Were Should Had 主 其他 WereIyou Iwouldtryitagain Hadhebeenthereyesterday hewouldhaveseenthefilm Shoulditsnowtomorrow wewouldn tgoout IfIwereyou Iwouldtryitagain Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday hewouldhaveseenthefilm Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow wewouldn tgoout theexam hewouldhaveattendacollege A IfhepassedB HadhepassedC WerehepassedD Ifheshouldpass fiveminutesearlier youcouldhaveseenthemoff A IfyoushouldarriveB IfyouarriveC HadyouarrivedD Shouldyouarrive itraintomorrow weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum A WereB shouldC wouldD will wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句 IwishIrememberedtheaddress 我要是記得地址就好了 真可惜我忘了 HowIwishhehadnotleft 要是他沒(méi)有離開(kāi)這里就好了 他已離開(kāi) Iwishitwouldraintomorrow 要是明天下雨就好了 說(shuō)話(huà)人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨 wish thatHowIwishIfonly did were現(xiàn)在 haddone過(guò)去 would might woulddo將來(lái) 5 Ifonly 1 要是就好了 IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了 Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus IfonlyIhadn tmissedthetrain 要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)就好了 Exercises HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum No butIreallywishI A hadB didC haveD will Ididn tgototheparty butIdowishI there A wasB wereC hadbeenD went IwishI youyesterday A seeB didseeC hadseenD weretosee Heisabraveman Yes IwishI hiscourage A HaveB hadC willhaveD wouldhave Tomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain Icertainlywishhe mehow A teachesB willteachC hastaughtD wouldteach Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath IwishI toit A hadn tgoneB haven tgoneC didn tgoD couldnothavegone HowIwishI that Everybodypresentwasangrywithme A didn tgoB hadn tdoneC wouldn tdoD wasn tdoing asif though 區(qū)別 HespeaksEnglishasif thoughheisfromtheUSA 陳述語(yǔ)氣 HespeaksEnglishasif thoughhewerefromtheUSA 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 2 asif though Clause 現(xiàn)在 過(guò)去 將來(lái) did were 現(xiàn)在 haddone 過(guò)去 Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates would 動(dòng)詞原形 將來(lái) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣SubjunctiveMood 退一步海闊天空 evenif though wish ifonly等從句的虛擬與它相同 名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞 如果我是你 我就聽(tīng)從他的建議 IfIwereyou Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice 從句表示現(xiàn)在 主句表示過(guò)去 如果你聽(tīng)我的話(huà) 現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么糟糕了 從句表示過(guò)去 主句表示現(xiàn)在 如果這些天一直沒(méi)下雨 我們現(xiàn)在可以進(jìn)行工作了 從句表過(guò)去進(jìn)行 主句表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行 Ifyouhadlistenedtome youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow Ifithadn tbeenrainingthosedays weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks 注意 主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 混合條件句 有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作 發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致 這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整 Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow 如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)了我的話(huà) 現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了 從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去 主句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在 IfIwereyou Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty 如果我是你 我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了 從句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在 主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去 Ifyouhadn tlentmesomemoney Icouldn thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow 假若你不借錢(qián)給我 我不可能買(mǎi)下這幢新房 很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里 從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去 主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在 suggest order demand propose command request desire insist require adviceetc 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 以 should v原的形式出現(xiàn) Weallsuggestthathe should finishhishomeworkfirst Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors should getdowntoworkatonce It ssuggested ordered demanded proposed commanded requested desired insisted required that 后面的主語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 也以 should v原 的形式出現(xiàn) It sorderedthatonlyGerman should betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin It srequestedthatallthestudents should wearschooluniformsatschool 以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后面的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 也應(yīng)以 should v原 的形式出現(xiàn) Mysuggestionisthatyou should gohomefirstbeforecominghere Hisrequestthathiscost should bepaidbythehouriscompletelyreasonable Theordercamethatthework should befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime Myadviceisthatyou should practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible 注意 當(dāng)suggest表示 暗示 insist表示 堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為 時(shí)不用虛擬 HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan Iinsistthathewaswrong Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople shealth 虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型 1 wouldratherthat 現(xiàn)在 過(guò)去 未來(lái) 過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去時(shí) Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow Iwouldratheryouhadgone too Don tcome Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow 注意 在主語(yǔ) would had rather that賓語(yǔ)從句中 從句謂語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去式表示虛擬形式 例如 我真希望你告訴我真相 I dratheryoutoldmethetruth 我寧愿不再見(jiàn)著你 I dratherIdidn tseeyouagain 我倒希望他們和我一起去 Iwouldrathertheywentwithme 1 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí) 系動(dòng)詞用were 意指主從句謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生 例如 他看起來(lái)好象病了 Helooksasifhewereill 他感到他應(yīng)該獨(dú)自對(duì)發(fā)生的事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任 Hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened 2 對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用had 過(guò)去分詞 意指從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前 例如 她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)的很好就象是在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的一樣 ShespokeEnglishwellasifshehadstudiedEnglishinEngland 我記得整件事情就象是昨天發(fā)生的一樣 Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday 3 對(duì)未來(lái)的虛擬謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用would 動(dòng)詞原形 意指從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后 例如 史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了 Mrs Smithsobbedasifherheartwouldbreak Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken Theactoris58yearsold Butheactsasifhe ayoungman A isB willbeC amD were Thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker Itlooksasifit rain A isgoingtoB willC wasgoingtoD would 注意 如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生 那么狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣 Itlooksasifyouaretired 3 It s about high time that 過(guò)去時(shí) should V 你該走了 It shightimethatyouwent It shightimethatyouweregoing It shightimethatyoushouldgo 我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了 It stimethatwewenttobed It stimethatweshouldgotobed 4 without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬 butfor要不是Withoutsunlight people slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday Butforyourhelp Iwouldn thavefinishedthework Withoutyourhelp Iwouldhavefailed Butforwater itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert 5 Ifonly 1 要是就好了 IwishIfonlyIknewhisname Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice IfonlyIcouldseehimagain 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了 要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車(chē)就好了 Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus IfonlyIhadn tmissedthetrain 2 aslongas常用陳述語(yǔ)氣 如果我們緊密團(tuán)結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝一切困難 Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited 6 It snecessary strange natural important that Clause從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬 即 should 動(dòng)詞原形 Itisimportantthatwe should masteraforeignlanguage Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty It snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard 7 otherwise和supposing也可以引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣 例如 Thestormstopped otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea I mgettingcold otherwiseIwouldkeepher Suppose supposing yourfriendsknewhowyouarebehavinghere whatwouldtheythink 8 sothat與inorderthat二者引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)部分應(yīng)該用may might can could etc 動(dòng)詞原形Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemighthavemoretimetostudyit Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatsheminghtdiscoverexactlywhathewanted Hewenttothestationinataxisothatheshouldnotmissthetrain 9 用 may 動(dòng)詞原形 表示祝愿 但愿 此時(shí)may須置于句首 Maygoodluckbeyours 祝你好運(yùn) Mayyoubehappy 祝你快樂(lè) Mayyoudoevenbetter 祝你取得更大成就Longlivethepeople 人民萬(wàn)歲 Godblessyou saidthepriest 牧師說(shuō) 愿上帝保佑你 含蓄條件句 非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來(lái) 只暗含在上下文中 這種句子叫做含蓄條件句 含蓄條件句大體有三種情況 1 條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中 如 WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou 條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)withoutyou中 Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway 條件暗含在不定式短語(yǔ)todoitthisway中 Butforyourhelpwecouldn thavesucceededintheexperiment 暗含條件是butforyourhelp Thissamething happeninginwartime wouldleadtoadisaster 條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)happeninginwartime中 Hemusthavethestrengthofahippopotamus orhenevercouldhavevanquishedthatgreatbeast 暗含條件是連詞or Alone hewouldhavebeenterrified 暗含條件是alone 2 條件暗含在上下文中 如 Youmightstayhereforever 可能暗含ifyouwantedto Wewouldhavesucceeded 可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying Yourreputationwouldberuined 可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime 可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime 3 在不少情況下 虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說(shuō)法 很難找出其暗含的條件 如 Youwouldn tknow 你不會(huì)知道 Iwouldliketocome 我愿意來(lái) Iwouldn thavedreamedofit 這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的 Hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetailthathemighthimselfhavebeenaneye witness 他將那事講的非常仔細(xì) 簡(jiǎn)直就象他親眼看見(jiàn)一樣 1Hesuggestedthatthemeetingputoff A notbeB shouldnotC wouldn tD benot2Itisstrangethatheso A thinksB thinkC thoughtD willthink3IwishImyuncleyesterday A metB havemetC wouldmeetD hadmet4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore6 A wasfinishedB willfinishC befinishedD shallbefinished 5 Shesaysshe dratherhe tomorrowinsteadoftoday A hadB shouldleaveC leavesD left6 It salready5o clocknow Don tyouthinkit sabouttime A wearegoinghomeB ifsheleavesC wewenthomeD ifshehadleft 7It shightimehehome A goesB wentC willgoD isgoingtogo8yousucceedandyoubehealthy A May mayB Wish wishC Hope hopeD Should may9Galileoinsistedthattheearthroundthesun A shouldmoveB moveC movesD AorB 10IfonlyI tomyparents advice A listeningB listenC amlisteningD hadlistened11 Whydidn tyoucometothepartyyesterday I butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme A didB wouldC hadD wasgoingto12I dratheryou methenews A nottellB nottotellC didn ttellD hadn ttold 1 TheboywhowentswimmingintheNo swimmingZonedrownedintheriver Iftheboyhadn tgoneswimmingintheNo