★Lesson 37 The Olympic Games.doc

Lesson 37 The Olympic Games Olympic adj. 奧林匹克的 the Olympic games 奧林匹克運動會（簡稱the Games，一般大型運動會用games) hold (held，held) v. 召開 vt. 拿著，抓住，抱住 Please hold the bady while I take off my coat. Why are you holding my bag? 容納，裝得下，包含 This cup cant hold much water. 這杯子裝不了多少水。 The stadium can hold 20,000 people. 舉行，進行（會議、會談等）；慶祝（節(jié)日）；紀念 have a meeting = hold a meeting 召開會議 hold習慣用被動： The Olympic games will be held in China in 2008. (two thousand eight) A festival is held at Edinburgh every year. 節(jié)日慶典每年在愛丁堡舉行一次. We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the subject. 明天我們準備開一次會來討論這個議題. The next conference will be held in Geneva. 下次會議將在日內瓦舉行. immense adj. 巨大的 fantastic adj. 巨大的 fantastic adj. 巨大的(建筑等，表驚嘆)，好極的, 宏偉的 immense adj. 極大的, 無邊的, 一望無際的 The universe is immense. immense ocean big adj.（一般的）大的 big man 大人物 large adj. 數量的大, 尺寸的大 large man 大塊頭 great adj. 偉大的, 重要的 great man 偉人 huge adj.(體積的)巨大的, 龐大，極大的, 無限的 stadium n. 露天體育場 playground n. 操場 sports field 運動場, 體育場（sports 各種各樣的運動） gymnasium n. 健身房，體育館；體育 籃球場 gym ；足球場 stadium standard n. 標準 high standard 高標準 Olympic-standard 奧林匹克標準(運動會中的最高標準)（復合形容詞：形容詞+名詞） capital n. 首都 capital adj. 大寫的, 重要的 capital punishment 極刑 (punishment n.懲罰, 處罰, 懲處) hot seat 電椅（國外的極刑） design v. 設計 vt. &vi. 設計圖樣 George has designed a new bridge. vt. &vi. 打算（做），計劃 He designed to enter for the competition. This book is designed for foreign tourist. n. 圖樣，圖紙；設計 Susan has just drawn a design for a new dress. Here is the design of the new house. designer n. 設計師 welldesigned 設計不錯的（復合形容詞：副詞+過去分詞） 【課文講解】 1、The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years time. in four years time 四年之后（in常與將來時連用表示“時間之后”） He will be back in ten minutes or half an hour. four years later 四年后 four years ago 四年前 2、As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a new Olympic-standard swimming pool. as/because 原因，as 是連詞，引出原因狀語從句，as 用于表示原因時通常位于句首，它所表明的原因對于講話對象可能是已知的，因此沒必要再予以強調。because 任何時候都可代替 as，來說明一種或幾種原因，但 as則不一定總能代替because。because一般跟在主句后面，強調講話的對象可能不知道的原因。 As you cant type the letter yourself, youll have to ask Susan to do it for you. Jims trying to save more money because he wants to buy a car. a large number of people = a great many people 大批的人 an immense stadium 一個大型體育場 a new Olympic-standard swimming pool 一個新的奧運會標準的游泳池 3、They will also be building new roads and a special railway line. be building 修建 a special railway-line 專線鐵路 4、Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. by the end of this year 到今年年底前 by the end of next year 到明年年底前 by是完成時的標志, 表示“到為止，在之前，并不晚于某時的任何時間”，不能與表示一段時間的名詞名詞連用，只能與表示時間點的名詞或詞組連用，用于肯定句與用于否定句有一定區(qū)別。 Ill have left by Monday. 到星期一我將已離開。（ 星期一之前的任何時間） I wont have left by Monday. 我星期一之前不會離開。 （星期一還在） 5、Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. as是連詞，相當于while，當“當，正值”講，引出時間狀語從句，它引導的從句雖然表示將來的動作但要用一般現在時，不能用 “will go up” be built強調建造；go up （建筑物）被興建起來，拔地而起 Many new houses are going up in this district. 6、We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country. look forward to+n./pron./doing sth. (很高興的)盼望，期待 look forward to與expect(期待)的區(qū)別是expect沒有高不高興的成分 Look forward to your letter. 【Letter Writing】 在信的地址下面必須寫上完整的日期。日期有兩種寫法，如：17th April, 19-；April 17th 19-，數字寫法如下：1st（1日）；2nd（2日）；3rd（3日）；4th（4日）等。 【Key structures】 一般將來完成時 一般將來時除了可以用來預言將來發(fā)生的事以外，還可以表示“意愿”，如允諾、建議、請求、提議等。 The radio hasnt been mended yet. Never mind! Ill mend it for you. （允諾） Will you open the door for me please! （請求） Shall we go for a swim tomorrow? （建議） 將來進行時除了表示最近或不久的將來正在進行的動作外，還可以表示計劃或安排好的事： A great many people will be visiting the country. 將來完成時用于表示到將來某一時刻已經完成的動作。將來完成時由will have+過去分詞構成。它常與by和nottill/until+表示時間的名詞連用。 I hope theyll have finished it in time for the journey. I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. I will have finished it until/till tomorrow. 現在完成式 : 到現在某一點時間為止 過去完成式 : 到過去某一點時間為止 將來完成式 : 到將來某一點時間為止, 某個動作已經發(fā)生 【Special Difficulties】 Look的短語 Look forward to (expect with pleasure) (高興地)盼望，期待著（to為介詞后面只能跟名詞、代詞和動名詞，不能接動詞原形） I am looking forward to the summer holidays. 我正盼望暑假的到來. I look forward to seeing to you during the weekend. Look out (be careful) 當心 (注意)，留神 Look out! A bus is coming. 當心點, 公共汽車來了. You should always look out when you walk across a road. Look out of 朝外看 Dont look out of the window. Look up (get information from a reference book) 查閱 (從參考書中獲取資料) I dont understand this word. I shall look it up in a dictionary. 我不懂這個詞的詞義, 我要查一下字典. (visit) 拜訪，看望 Dont forget to look me up when you return. 回來時別忘了來看我. Im going to look up Mary this afternoon. Exercise 練習 用hold或look 的正確形式填空 : 4 The students union _ an interesting debate on capital punishment yesterday. 5 My friend Ingrid lives in Stockholm. Why dont you _ her_ when youre there? 6 Examinations will be _ next week. Im not _ them. 4. held debate on 辯論 （debate v. 爭論, 辯論；n. 爭論, 辯論） union n. 聯合，合并，結合，聯盟，協(xié)會 口語過程三步：dialogue(對話)；discussion(討論)；debate(爭論) capital n. 首都；大寫 5. look (her) up look (sb.) up : 拜訪, 看看, 在英文中并不一定是很正式的, 只是去看看的意思 6. held；looking forward to hold an exam 舉行考試 take the exam 接受考試 Lesson 38 Everything except the weather Mediterranean n. (the )地中海 Mediterranean n.地中海（=Mediterranean sea, 位于歐, 亞, 非三大洲之間），地中海沿岸的居民；adj. 地中海的, 地中海民族的 complain v. 抱怨 complain to sb. 向某人抱怨 complain of/about sth. 抱怨某事 continually adv. 不斷地 continually adv. 連續(xù)地, 頻繁地(時斷時續(xù)) The baby cry continually. continuously adj. 連續(xù)不斷地 continue v. 繼續(xù), 連續(xù), 延伸 bitterly adv. 刺骨地 bitterly disappointed 徹底的失望 （disappoint vt.使失望） I am bitterly disappointed. bitterly cold 刺骨地寒冷 Its bitterly cold. （chilly adj. 寒冷的） sunshine n. 陽光 也可直接用 “sun” 表示陽光 a drop of sunshine 一縷陽光 （a drop of 一縷） 【課文講解】 1、He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. dream of 想, 夢見(夢想)，幻想，向往 Frank used to dream of having a car of his own. think of 想(思維的活動), 考慮 settle down 定居，安身，安頓 After two years of traveling, I want to settle down now. 2、He had no sooner returned than he bought a house and went to live there. no soonerthan 一就（關聯詞，引導時間狀語從句，主句里常用過去完成時，than后面的從句用一般過去時），相同用法的還有as soon as，the moment，on doing had no sooner donethan +一般過去時, 固定用法 (時態(tài)結構 : 完成時態(tài) + than + 一般過去時) He had no sooner arrived than he called me up. no sooner 放在句首就要倒裝 No sooner had he arrived than he called me up. (倒裝) 3、Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. almost immediately 幾乎馬上, 很快地 (時間上的快, 常用于寫作) for（連詞）表示因為(解釋說明, 附加的)because因為（一定要說的原因），for與because不同，不能用于句首，并且在 for后面必須重復主語： I dont have a car, for I cant afford it. even though =even if 即使，雖然（引導讓步狀語從句） Even though I came here, my mind was absent. 盡管我人來了, 但我還是心不在焉 4、After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. so many years 這么多年 after it rained for days = after so many days of rain 在這么多天雨之后 After seven years of hard work, he was successful. After ten years of staying in abroad, he decided to return and settle down. got a shock 嚇了一跳, 吃了一驚 5、He acted as if he had never lived in England before. as if+句子 似乎, 好像（引導表示方式的狀語從句，如果從句為過去完成時則是虛擬語氣，描述與事實相反, 后面的條件是假的） He acted as if he was poor. (as if 后是真是假, 應根據上下文來看) My leg hurts as if it was broken. 連詞as if/though引導方式狀語從句，通常跟在描述行為舉止的動詞之后，如act，appear，feel，look，smell，sound等后面： She acted as if she were mad. （虛擬語氣） It feels as if/though its going to rain. 6、In the end, it was more than he could bear. more than在這里表示“超過的范圍” This piece of news is more than I can believe. It was more than I could understand. I cant affard it. It was more than I can affard. 這種用法與它通常表示“比更多”的用法稍有不同： There were more than ten people in the room. 7、He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. hardlywhen 還沒來得及就，用法同no soonerthan hardly had sb. done when (hardly在句首, 要倒裝) He had hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked out.（knock out : 打暈, 擊倒） have time to do sth. 有時間做某事 I have no time to talk with you. 我沒時間和你說話 I have time enough to have coffee. 我有足夠的時間喝咖啡 【Composition】 1 He bought an old car. It was in a very bad state.(but) 2 The engine was worn out. The gearbox was full of sawdust. (The enginenot onlybutas well) 3 He could not drive it. He could no sell it. He could not even give it away. (neithernornor) 1. in a bad state 狀態(tài)不太好 though 雖然, even thougheven if 即使，這些詞出現在兩句之間, 就不再加but， 2. The engine was not only worn out but the gearbox was full of sawdust. worn out 破舊不堪的 engine n. 發(fā)動機, 機車, 火車頭 gearbox n. 變速箱 sawdust n. 鋸屑, 木頭屑子 （saw n. 鋸；v. 鋸） not only出現在句首要倒裝,一般不會放在句首 3. He could neither drive it nor sell it nor even give it away. He could neither drive it nor sell it even nor give it away. (這樣寫更好) neither do sth. nor do sth. nor do sth. 既不能也不能更不能 【Letter writing】 日期：每年下列月份寫出全稱：3月，4月，5月，6月和7月，剩余的月份寫成：Jan. (1月)；Feb. (2月)；Aug. (8月)；Sept. (9月)；Oct. (10月)；Nov. (11 月)和 Dec. (12月)。 【Key structures】 過去完成時 過去完成時經常與一般過去時連用，表示過去某個動作發(fā)生前完成的動作。與過去完成時連用的表示時間的詞或詞組有when，after，as soon as，(not) until，by that time，(never) before，already，for，since，just，no soonerthan，hardlywhen等。過去完成時不能與副詞ago連用（ago只能與一般過去時連用）。 He hadnt finished it by yesterday evening. 到昨天晚上他還沒做完。 Id never flown a plane at all until I flew this one! 在駕駛這架飛機之前我從來沒有駕駛過飛機！ 【Special Difficulties】 No soonerthan and Hardlywhen no soonerthan (一就)；hardlywhen (幾乎未來得及就)這兩組連詞意義都和 as soon as相近，但比as soon as正式。它們通常都與過去完成時連用。當no sooner和hardly位于句首時，后面的主謂結構都要顛倒順序，即句子變?yōu)閚o sooner/hardly +助動詞 +主語 +動詞形式的語序。 No sooner had he begun speaking than he was interrupted. 他剛一開始講話就被打斷了。 Hardly had he got into the bus when it began moving. Country and Countryside country n. 國家，祖國；鄉(xiāng)下（做“鄉(xiāng)下”講時常與the 連用） Which country do you come from? He had planned to settle down in the country. countryside n. 農村地區(qū)（強調景色），鄉(xiāng)下 The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful. 維也納周圍的鄉(xiāng)村非常漂亮. I grew up in the countryside. Continuously and Continually continuously adv. 不斷地，連續(xù)地（指動作中間沒有間斷） You mustnt watch TV for such a long time continuously. This plane can fly continuoulsly for twenty hours. continually adv. 頻繁地，反復地（指動作中間有間斷但又持續(xù)很久） It rained continually. 天頻繁地下雨。 The river flows under this bridge continuously. 河水不停地從橋下流過. Lesson 39 Am I all right? following adj. 下一個 the next day, the following day 第二天 the next week, the following week 第二個星期 alone adj. 獨自的 alone 強調人孤單一個 home alone - 獨自在家 Leave me alone. 我煩著呢, 別理我 Leave him alone. 讓他一個人呆會兒 exchange n. (電話的)交換局 vt. 換，更換，調換（指同類事物之間） I want to exchange the red skirt for a blue one. vt. 交換，互換 I met Frank at a bus stop this afternoon and we exchanged a few words. Did you exchange gifts after the party? n. 電話交換臺 He telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. inquire v. 詢問, 打聽 vt. &vi. 打聽，詢問 A Mr. Wang inquired your telephone number. 一位王先生打聽您的電話號碼。 inquire sth. of sb. 從某人那打聽 insquire about sth. 打聽某事 He wanted to inquire about a certain patient. vi. 調查，查問 He didnt tell the truth when the police inquired into the accident. vi. 求見（某人），要找（某人） She inquired for the manager. 她想見經理。 certain adj. 某個 certain后面的名詞的數量由它前面的數詞來定 某一個a certain +n.（單數） a certain patient = some patient 某個病人 某兩個two certain + n.(復數) two certain patient some+可數名詞單數時表示某個(某一個) for some reason 由于某個理由 【課文講解】 1、Am I all right? all right 當指人的健康狀況時，可表示“安然無恙的，良好的” I was not very well last week, but I feel all right now. 2、While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. So在這里是代詞，代替前面的動詞不定式（to tell him whether）。 它 一 般 出 現 believe，do，expect，hope，say，tell，think，appear 等之后： Is it true that John has had an operation? I am afraid so. /I believe so. / I think so. / It seems so. 3、The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. the following day = the next day，這里following表示“緊接著的，其次的”。 ask for 請求，索要，要求（得到某個東西）。在下一句（asked for Doctor Millington）中它表示“要求（某人）來（接電話）”。 bedside telephone 床頭電話 4、When the doctor answered the phone, Mr. Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr. John Gilbert. Certain 在這里沒有“肯定的，確實的”等含義，而表示“某一，某位”，暗指說話者或說話對象可能對這人/這事不大清楚/熟悉，或所指的這個人身份不大清楚： Mary years ago a certain doctor arrived in London. a Mr. John Gilbert 一位名叫約翰.吉爾伯特的先生 a+人名前面, 表示某一個擁有這個特征的人或我不認識的某某人，這種情況下 a 通常與表示“某一”的certain連用： He is a Leifeng. 表示具有雷鋒的特征 A certain Mrs. Hart is waiting to see you. 有位哈特夫人正等著見您。 5、He then asked when Mr. Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hosptial for another two weeks. for another two weeks 又兩個星期 another作為限定詞表示“另一個，再一個”的時候，通常與可數的單數名詞連用，不和復數形式連用；但是后面可以跟基數詞/few+復數名詞（它們被當成一個整體）： I need another three driving lesson