比較級(jí)的整理.doc

一、形容詞的比較等級(jí)和最高等級(jí)一般句式的構(gòu)成： A + be + 形容詞比較級(jí)+ than + BA 是主格 B 是賓格如： She is taller than me.主格 形容詞比較級(jí) 賓格：（一）形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則變化： 1單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成情況構(gòu)成方式原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般情況加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以e 結(jié)尾的詞加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“輔音+y” 結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-er 或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重讀閉音節(jié)的詞末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母先雙寫(xiě)輔音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2 多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在其前面加more或 most。如： 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious【重點(diǎn)】3有幾個(gè)形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)屬于不規(guī)則變化：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新舊或年齡）/elder（兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系）oldest/ eldestfarfarther（表示距離，譯為“更遠(yuǎn)”）/ further（表示程度，譯為“進(jìn)一步的”）farthest/ furthest（二） 形容詞比較級(jí)的用法 1形容詞的比較級(jí)可以單獨(dú)使用： Be more careful next time. 下次小心點(diǎn)。 Which book is better? 哪本書(shū)更好？ 2也可以和than連用，表示兩者相比，than后可以跟：a. 名詞或代詞： He is older than me / I . 他年齡比我大。b. 動(dòng)名詞：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。c. 從句： I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好。（三）形容詞比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ) 修飾形容詞,副詞比較級(jí)的常用修飾詞有:no, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, a great deal, far, by far, rather, any等.1) 只用于修飾比較級(jí)的： much;still;even2) 既可以修飾比較級(jí)又可以修飾原級(jí)的：a little; a bit; rather 等 。3) 在這些詞中,其中no在修飾比較級(jí)時(shí),在意義上否定兩者,表示前者在某方面不比后者強(qiáng)多少. He is no richer than Peter. 他不比彼得富裕多少.=He is as poor as Peter. 他和彼得一樣窮.表示前者比后者強(qiáng)一點(diǎn)時(shí),通常采用a little,a bit等. The room is a bit larger than that one.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)稍大一點(diǎn).4) 表示前者比后者強(qiáng)很多時(shí),通常采用much,even,still等.(still修飾形容詞,副詞的比較級(jí)時(shí),可以位于 比較級(jí)之前或之后.) He works still harder than ever. =He works harder still than ever.他比以往更加努力學(xué)習(xí)了.5) 表示前者在某方面遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地超過(guò)對(duì)方時(shí),通常采用far,by far,a lot,a great deal等. Matters are a lot better than ever before. 情況遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)比以往好.6) 在否定句,疑問(wèn)句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,修飾形容詞,副詞的比較級(jí),只能用any來(lái)修飾. He cant jump any higher. 他不能跳得更高了. Can he jump any higher? 他能跳得更高一些嗎? Do you feel any better today? 你今天感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)了嗎？ If you can jump any higher, I will give you a prize.如果你能跳得更高些,我就獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)你.7) 比較級(jí)前還可加其他表示數(shù)量的詞： My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十歲。典型例題:1）- Are you feeling _? - Yes，Im fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good D. quite better答案：B. any 可修飾比較級(jí)，quite修飾原級(jí)，well的比較級(jí)為better.2）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A.more B.much more C.much D.more much答案：C.much可修飾比較級(jí)，因此B，C都說(shuō)得通，但easier本身已是比較級(jí)，不需more，因此C為正確答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest time D.a much happier time答案：D。4）Your house is _ bigger than ours.A. Two timeB. Second time C. Two times D.Second times答案：D。【難點(diǎn)】注：有些形容詞一般沒(méi)有比較等級(jí)。如： right, wrong, woolen等。（四）形容詞比較級(jí)的特殊用法1和more有關(guān)的詞組 ：1) the morethe more越就越。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，進(jìn)步越大。more and more.表示“越來(lái)越”:More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.Our country is getting stronger and stronger.2) no more than 與一樣。例如： The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們看到的和皇帝一樣多。3） more than超過(guò)，不只是。例如： There are more than two thousand people in the hall. 2和less有關(guān)的詞組 1) less than 不到 不太： It was ready in less than a week. 2) no less than 多達(dá) 不少于 No less than 2 million people came. 至少來(lái)了2百萬(wàn)人。 3) more or less 基本上 大體上 大約 The work is more or less finished. 這項(xiàng)工作基本上完成了。 3還有as + 形容詞或副詞原級(jí) + as 1) A be as.as B和.一樣 2) A be not so/asas B。A和B不一樣，A比不上B He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒(méi)你跑得快。 3) 當(dāng)as as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式：as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/； This is as good an example as the other is. 這個(gè)例子和另外一個(gè)一樣好。as + manymuch +可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞。 I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。 3) 表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. =This room is two time big as that one. =This room is two times bigger than that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房間和我的一樣大。（五） 形容詞最高級(jí)用法1the + 最高級(jí) + 比較范圍 1）形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞 the，例如： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。 說(shuō)明 形容詞most前面沒(méi)有the，不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示非常。例如： It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 這是個(gè)很重要的問(wèn)題。 注意：使用最高級(jí)要注意將主語(yǔ)包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。 （錯(cuò)）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. （對(duì)）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers. 2） 下列詞可修飾最高級(jí)，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 這帽子差不多是最大的了。 注意：序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高級(jí)的意義有時(shí)可以用比較級(jí)表示出來(lái)。例如： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 或者： =Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.（六）形容詞最高級(jí)的特殊用法 1. 形容詞最高級(jí)可用作表語(yǔ)，這時(shí)定冠詞the 可以省略。 例句：I think her plan is best. 我認(rèn)為她的計(jì)劃最好。 2.形容詞最高級(jí)還可和at 構(gòu)成許多短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，如 at best, at least, at most等。 例句：Ill be with you at latest by ten. 我最遲十點(diǎn)鐘就來(lái)陪你。(七)形容詞最高級(jí)前不加the的特殊情況形容詞最高級(jí)前通常要加定冠詞the,而以下幾種情況一般不需要加定冠詞the: 1.形容詞最高級(jí)前有序數(shù)詞、物主代詞、指示代詞或名詞所有格等限定詞修飾時(shí),最高級(jí)前不用the。如: This is my longest rope.這是我最長(zhǎng)的一根繩子。 -Mondayisourbusiestday.星期一是我們最忙的一天。-Tomsgreatestwishistobeanengineer湯姆的最大愿望是成為一名工程師2.如果兩個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)并列修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí),第二個(gè)形容詞最高級(jí)前不加the。如: He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.他是班上年齡最小、個(gè)子最高的男孩。 3.如果形容詞最高級(jí)用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,沒(méi)有跟其它事物比較，作十分;非常之意時(shí),前面不加the。但形容詞最高級(jí)作單數(shù)名詞的定語(yǔ)時(shí),可用不定冠詞a/an。如: -That book is most interesting.那本書(shū)非常有趣。 -Heisamostlearnedmain.他是位很有學(xué)問(wèn)的人?！净A(chǔ)練習(xí)】( C ) 1 Your room is _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times ( C ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( C )3 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( A)4 I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( B ) 5 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( D ) 6 This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most difficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( C ) 7 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( D ) 8 Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( C ) 9 Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall ( B ) 10 English is one of_ spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( D )12 Im not _ to lift the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough ( C)13 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest ( C )14 Do you have _ to tell us? A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything ( C) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and rich B. more rich and more richC. richer and richer D. rich and rich二、副詞的比較等級(jí)和最高等級(jí)：副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)、副詞的比較等級(jí)和最高等級(jí)：比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)A+動(dòng)詞+副詞的比較級(jí)+than+B 最高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)A+動(dòng)詞+（the）副詞的最高級(jí)+in或of短語(yǔ)（一） 概念：副詞和形容詞一樣，也有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三個(gè)等級(jí)。其構(gòu)成方式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種情況。規(guī)則變化的一般規(guī)律是：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)在詞尾加-er或-est; 多音節(jié)詞以及-ly結(jié)尾的副詞（early除外），前面加more或most.。不規(guī)則的變化式只能采用“各個(gè)擊破”的辦法去記憶。1）規(guī)則變化 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) soon loud fast wide early happily carefully sooner louder faster wider earlier more happily more carefully soonest loudest fastest widest earliest most happily most carefully2）不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)wellbadlylittlemuchfarbetterworselessmorefarther（距離）further（程度）bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthest（二）副詞的比較級(jí)的用法1、單獨(dú)使用： Try to do better next time. 下次爭(zhēng)取干好一點(diǎn)。 Hell come back sooner or later. 他遲早會(huì)回來(lái)的。 Please speak more slowly. 請(qǐng)講慢一點(diǎn)。2、和than一起使用： He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。 Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？ He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平時(shí)早。3、比較級(jí)前可有狀語(yǔ)修飾：You must work much faster. 你必須大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快點(diǎn)來(lái)嗎？4. asas和not soas結(jié)構(gòu)這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也可結(jié)合副詞使用：1） asas 可用在肯定句中，表示 “像一樣”，后面的副詞要用原級(jí)： She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一樣快。2）在否定句中，asas和soas都可以用： I dont go there as much as I used. 我現(xiàn)在到那里不象過(guò)去那么多了。 I didnt do as(so) well as I should. 我做的不如我應(yīng)做的那么好。3）這種句子中也可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語(yǔ)： She can read twice as fast as he does. 她閱讀的速度比他快一倍。（三）副詞最高級(jí)的用法：副詞最高級(jí)可修飾動(dòng)詞，前面多數(shù)不帶定冠詞the:He laughs best who laughs last. (諺語(yǔ)) 誰(shuí)笑在最后誰(shuí)笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我們四人中我唱的最差。（四）副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的一些特殊用法：副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)還可用在一些特別結(jié)構(gòu)或短語(yǔ)中。1）more and more 越來(lái)越: It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越來(lái)越大了。 She went farther and farther away. 她越走越遠(yuǎn)了。2）the morethe more 越，越： The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成的就越多。3）had better (not) do sth最好(不要)做某事：Wed better not disturb him. 我們最好不要打擾他。What had we better do? 我們最好怎么辦？3副詞的比較級(jí)的用法1）單獨(dú)使用：Try to do better next time. 下次爭(zhēng)取干好一點(diǎn)。I had seen the film only a few days earlier. 我是幾天前才看的這部電影。Hell come back sooner or later. 他遲早會(huì)回來(lái)的。Please speak more slowly. 請(qǐng)講慢一點(diǎn)。I determined not to travel farther that night. 我決定那天晚上不再往前走了。2）和than一起使用：He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。He works less than he used to. 他工作的時(shí)間比以前少了。Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平時(shí)早。He studied the subject further than I do. 這問(wèn)題他研究得比我深。3） 比較級(jí)前可有狀語(yǔ)修飾：You must work much faster. 你必須大大加快干活的速度。He walked no further. 他沒(méi)在往前走。She could dance even more gracefully than a dancer. 她能比舞蹈演員跳的更美。Helen came late, but her sister came still later. 海倫來(lái)晚了， 而她妹妹來(lái)得更晚。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快點(diǎn)來(lái)嗎？4. asas和not soas結(jié)構(gòu)這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也可結(jié)合副詞使用：1） asas 可用在肯定句中，表示 “像一樣”，后面的副詞要用原級(jí)： She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一樣快。 They work as hard as you do. 他們工作像你一樣努力。 I hate him as much as you do. 我像你一樣恨他。 Ill be round as quick as I can. 我將盡快過(guò)來(lái)。2）在否定句中，asas和soas都可以用： I dont go there as much as I used. 我現(xiàn)在到那里不象過(guò)去那么多了。 I didnt do as(so) well as I should. 我做的不如我應(yīng)做的那么好。 3）這種句子中也可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語(yǔ)： I dont speak half as (so) well as you. 我講的不及你的一半好。 She can read twice as fast as he does. 她閱讀的速度比他快一倍。副詞最高級(jí)修飾動(dòng)詞，前面多數(shù)不帶定冠詞the:He laughs best who laughs last. (諺語(yǔ)) 誰(shuí)笑在最后誰(shuí)笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我們四人中我唱的最差。Of these sports, I like rowing most. 這些運(yùn)動(dòng)中我最喜歡劃船。He went (the) farthest of the explorers. 這些探險(xiǎn)家中他走的最遠(yuǎn)。He likes painting best of all. 他最喜歡繪畫(huà)。Who arrived (the) earliest of all? 誰(shuí)到的最早？She behaved most generously. 她表現(xiàn)的最大方。注： 副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的一些特殊用法副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)還可用在一些特別結(jié)構(gòu)或短語(yǔ)中：1）more and more 越來(lái)越:It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越來(lái)越大了。In need, she liked him more and more. 的確她越來(lái)越喜歡他了。She went farther and farther away. 她越走越遠(yuǎn)了。2）the morethe more 越，越：The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成的就越多。The more I thought, the more extraordinary did it appear. 我越想，這事就越顯得離奇。（二） 概念：副詞和形容詞一樣，也有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)三個(gè)等級(jí)。其構(gòu)成方式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種情況。規(guī)則變化的一般規(guī)律是：?jiǎn)我艄?jié)詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)在詞尾加-er或-est; 多音節(jié)詞以及-ly結(jié)尾的副詞（early除外），前面加more或most.。不規(guī)則的變化式只能采用“各個(gè)擊破”的辦法去記憶。1）規(guī)則變化 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高級(jí) soon loud fast wide early happily carefully sooner louder faster wider earlier more happily more carefully soonest loudest fastest widest earliest most happily most carefully2）不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)wellbadlylittlemuchfarbetterworselessmorefarther（距離）further（程度）bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthest（二）副詞的比較級(jí)的用法1、單獨(dú)使用： Try to do better next time. 下次爭(zhēng)取干好一點(diǎn)。 Hell come back sooner or later. 他遲早會(huì)回來(lái)的。 Please speak more slowly. 請(qǐng)講慢一點(diǎn)。2、和than一起使用： He swims better than I do. 他游泳游得比我好。 Can you do any better than that? 你能不能干的好一些？ He arrived earlier than usual. 他到的比平時(shí)早。3、比較級(jí)前可有狀語(yǔ)修飾：You must work much faster. 你必須大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly? 你能稍稍快點(diǎn)來(lái)嗎？4. asas和not soas結(jié)構(gòu)這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)也可結(jié)合副詞使用：1） asas 可用在肯定句中，表示 “像一樣”，后面的副詞要用原級(jí)： She can run as fast as a deer. 她能跑的像鹿一樣快。2）在否定句中，asas和soas都可以用： I dont go there as much as I used. 我現(xiàn)在到那里不象過(guò)去那么多了。 I didnt do as(so) well as I should. 我做的不如我應(yīng)做的那么好。3）這種句子中也可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語(yǔ)： She can read twice as fast as he does. 她閱讀的速度比他快一倍。（三）副詞最高級(jí)的用法：副詞最高級(jí)可修飾動(dòng)詞，前面多數(shù)不帶定冠詞the:He laughs best who laughs last. (諺語(yǔ)) 誰(shuí)笑在最后誰(shuí)笑的最好。Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我們四人中我唱的最差。（四）副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的一些特殊用法：副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)還可用在一些特別結(jié)構(gòu)或短語(yǔ)中。1）more and more 越來(lái)越: It rained more and more heavily. 雨下得越來(lái)越大了。 She went farther and farther away. 她越走越遠(yuǎn)了。2）the morethe more 越，越： The more I work, the more I accomplish. 我干得越多，完成的就越多。3）had better (not) do sth最好(不要)做某事：Wed better not disturb him. 我們最好不要打擾他。What had we better do? 我們最好怎么辦？3、 英語(yǔ)中考考綱基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)練習(xí)（形容詞和副詞+及其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)） B卷（一）.單項(xiàng)選擇題。1.Im shortsighted and I cant see the words on the notice board _.A, clear B, clearly C, carefully D, good2.Jean works hard but she doesnt work _ Mary.A, as harder than B, as hard than C, as harder as D, as hard as3.This is _ book in our library.A, the most interesting B, most interesting C, the more interesting D, more interesting4.Do you think maths is _ important than English?A, very B, as C, more D, quite5.They got a Christmas tree and it was _ ours.A, so tall as B, so taller as C, as tall as D, as taller as6.Tom failed in the exam. He looked _.A, happy B, sadly C, upset D, lovely7.A taxi doesnt run as _ as an underground train.A, fast B, faster C, fastest D, more fast8.Yangpu Bridge is one of _ in the world.A, bigger bridge B, the biggest bridge C, the biggest bridges D, bigger bridges9.”Ive got an A for my history,” Judy said _.A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy10.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is _ one of all the movie songs.A, the most beautiful B, most beautiful C, a beautiful D, much more beautiful11.The little baby looks _.A, lovely B, carefully C, heavily D, sadly12.Her cousin can draw _ an artist.A, as well as B, not so well as C, as better as D, as good as13.Jinmao Tower is _ building in Shanghai.A, high B, tall C, highest D, the tallest14.30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but its _ than we need.A, far more B, very much C, far less D, very little15.Mr Smith thought the Century Park was the second _ in Shanghai.A, large B, larger C, largest D, very large16.I think Yao Ming, the famous basketball player, will be _ new star in NBA.A, hot B, hotter C, hottest D, the hottest17.Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic, so it will take us _ time to go to Pudong International Airport.A, a few B, fewer C, a little D, less18.A: What delicious cakes! B: They would taste _ with butter.A, good B, better C, bad D, worse19.Among all the teachersin this school, Miss Tao is one of _.A, young B, younger C, the youngest D, the most young20.Thanks to Mrs Lin! With her help, we finished our work an hour _.A, late B, later C, early D, earlier21.The light music sounded very _. I enjoyed every minute of it.A, well B, beautiful C, wonderfully D, boring22.A: In our English study reading is more important than speaking, I think.B: I dont agree. Speaking is _ reading.A, as important B, so important as C, the most important D, the same as23.A: Mum, the Chinese medicine tastes so _. I dont want to take it.B: But, dear, it is good for you.A, good B, terribly C, terrible D, well24.Where is todays newspaper? Is there _ in todays newspaper?A, important something B, something importantC, important anything D, anything important25.Simon looks _ today and smiles _ all the time.A, happy, happy B, happily, happily C, happy, happily D, happily, happy26.Its _ to send an e-mail than a regular mail.A, much more quickly B, quick C, more quickly D, much quicker27.The price of these dictionaries is _ than before.A, much cheaper B, more expensive C, much higher D, more higher28.Bob has _ to tell you.A, something important B, anything important C, important something D, important nothing29.She is looking _ at her lovely son. A, happy B, happily C, happiness D, happier30.The old soldier lived all by himself. Even though he was _, he was not _ at all.A, alone, lonely B, alone, alone C, lonely, alone D, lonely, lonely（二）詞性變換。1.On hearing the great news that Beijing has won the birds of 2008 Olympic Game