高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練精品題（16）.doc

2014高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專題訓(xùn)練精品題（16）及答案passage six (equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system) these days we hear a lot of nonsense about the great classless society. the idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichs of our time. the same old arguments are put forward in evidence. here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. the monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. in a number of countries the victory has been complete. the people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. but has it? close examination doesnt bear out the claim. it is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (it is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) the fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. the old rules of the jungle, survival of the fittest, and might is right are still with us. the spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. rewards are based on merit. for aristocracy read meritocracy; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained. genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. and what is the first thing people do when they become rich? they use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them a good start in life. for all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. in this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. it would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was. in societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. but even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. in fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. in the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.1.what is the main idea of this passage?a equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.equality means money.c there is no such society as classless society.d nature cant give you a classless society.2.according to the author, the same educational opportunities cant get rid of inequality becausea the principle survival of the fittest exists.nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.c material rewards are for genuine ability.d people have the freedom how to educate their children.3.who can obtain more rapid successa those with wealth.those with the best brains.c those with the best opportunities.d those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.4.why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? becausea money decides everything.private schools offer advantages over state schools.c people are free to choose the way of educating their children.d wealth is used for political ends.5.according to the author, class divisions refers toa the rich and the poor.different opportunities for people.c oppressor and the oppressed.d genius and stupidity.vocabulary1.discredit 損害，破壞，敗壞（某人的名聲），不可信2.monarch 國(guó)王，女皇，君主政體3.millennium 千年 the millennium 千僖年4.bear out 證實(shí)5.level out （升跌之后）呈平穩(wěn)狀態(tài)6.meritocracy 英才管理，英才教育，能人統(tǒng)治7.knack 技巧，訣竅8.perpetuate 使永久，永存或持續(xù)9.indiscriminate 不加鑒別的，不加分析的，任意的10.boil down 歸結(jié)為難句譯注1. close examination doesnt bear out the claim.【參考譯文】深入探索證實(shí)此斷言不確。（也就是說(shuō)太平盛世并沒(méi)有成為政治現(xiàn)實(shí)）。2. might is right諺語(yǔ)：強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理。3. for all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】lip-service口惠而實(shí)不至。ex: he pays lip-service to feminism but his wife still does all the housework.他口口聲聲說(shuō)支持女權(quán)主義，但全部家務(wù)仍是他妻子的事?！緟⒖甲g文】我們口口聲聲贊揚(yáng)平等思想，我們?cè)谖鞣绞澜缰胁⒉徽J(rèn)為這一思想事錯(cuò)誤的。4. in the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated person.【參考譯文】最終，一切政治意識(shí)，都?xì)w結(jié)為一件事：不論你是由封建國(guó)王統(tǒng)治還是英才統(tǒng)治，階級(jí)區(qū)分依然存在。寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意 這是一篇對(duì)“無(wú)階級(jí)社會(huì)和人人平等”論點(diǎn)的駁斥文章。作者從四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述。1、天賦的才能和智慧與平等原則無(wú)關(guān)。2、“適者生存，強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理”依然存在。3、人獲得的報(bào)酬是取決于人的才能而不是平等。4、金錢(qián)的作用，它不僅可以培育有能力的人，還是政治的后盾。只有金錢(qián)加能力是成功的關(guān)鍵。所以所謂平等不存在，更沒(méi)有無(wú)階級(jí)的社會(huì)。答案詳解1. a 二十世紀(jì)平等的機(jī)遇并沒(méi)有摧毀階級(jí)。文章一開(kāi)始就對(duì)無(wú)階級(jí)社會(huì)的論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了反駁：有人認(rèn)為君主整體已完全摧毀，幸存下來(lái)的王公貴族已經(jīng)被剝奪了一切政治權(quán)力，繼承的財(cái)產(chǎn)為稅收大幅度的削減，到時(shí)候，巨大的財(cái)富將消失殆盡，在許多國(guó)家中，已全面勝利，人民進(jìn)行統(tǒng)治，偉大的太平盛世已成為政治顯示。作者認(rèn)為：深入檢查證實(shí)這一斷言不實(shí)。第二段提出了即使人人都獲同樣的受教育的機(jī)會(huì)，可人的天然智慧和能力與平等原則無(wú)關(guān)，適者生存，強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理依然存在。教育的普及摧毀了老的階級(jí)體制，卻創(chuàng)造新的，報(bào)酬是機(jī)遇才干成就。貴族統(tǒng)治就是英才統(tǒng)治，可在其他方面，社會(huì)依然，階級(jí)確實(shí)存在。后面兩段集中論述了金錢(qián)的作用。b.金錢(qián)意味著平等是錯(cuò)誤的。c.不存在無(wú)階級(jí)社會(huì)。內(nèi)容是對(duì)的，但不是本文的主題思想。d.自然界不會(huì)賦予你一個(gè)無(wú)階級(jí)社會(huì)。2. b 自然界在分賦人智慧和能力是不會(huì)顧及平等。a.適者生存的原則存在。根據(jù)這一原則無(wú)智慧和能力者難以生存于社會(huì)。c.物質(zhì)報(bào)償是根據(jù)人的真正能力。d.人們有自由選擇如何教育自己的孩子。這三項(xiàng)都基于一點(diǎn)人的智慧和能力。有智慧能力才能生存，才能獲報(bào)償，這已經(jīng)是不平等，即使獲同樣的受教育的機(jī)會(huì)，也不可能鏟除不平等。3. a 有錢(qián)的人。第三段一開(kāi)始就點(diǎn)明：真正的能力、動(dòng)物般機(jī)敏狡猾、技能、善抓機(jī)會(huì)的訣竅，這一切都帶來(lái)物質(zhì)報(bào)償。有了錢(qián)的人首要作的事情就是給孩子最佳教育機(jī)會(huì)，而私人學(xué)校教育優(yōu)于公立學(xué)校，人們又有自由選擇如何教育自己的孩子。在這個(gè)意義上，英才教育在某種程度上是永存的。一個(gè)來(lái)自富有家庭的有能力的孩子要比其對(duì)立面獲得成功要快得多得多。b.具有很高智慧的人，若沒(méi)有錢(qián)是難以成功的。第三段的最后一句話也點(diǎn)明這一點(diǎn)，金錢(qián)同從前一樣是強(qiáng)有力的武器。文章最后一段即使在完全遵循社會(huì)平等原則的社會(huì)里，禁止特權(quán)的私人教育，人們也是按能力獲報(bào)酬。小心翼翼而又耗費(fèi)巨大地把聰明的孩子培養(yǎng)成未來(lái)的統(tǒng)治者。c.具有最佳機(jī)遇的人。d.是b和c的結(jié)合。4. a金錢(qián)決定一切。新的英才教育在一定程度上永存。沒(méi)有錢(qián)，上不起私立學(xué)校，談不上機(jī)會(huì)，更不用說(shuō)英才教育。有了錢(qián)才能為孩子創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)。b.私立學(xué)校提供的優(yōu)越性高于公立學(xué)校。c.人們有自由選擇教育孩子的方式方法。d.財(cái)富用于政治目的。第三段最后三句話：“財(cái)富也可以不加區(qū)別地用于更遠(yuǎn)的政治目的。沒(méi)有強(qiáng)大的財(cái)政作后盾，成為民主國(guó)家的元首幾乎是不可能。金錢(qián)和過(guò)去一樣是強(qiáng)有力的武器，這也說(shuō)明了金錢(qián)的力量，決定一切。”5. a 富人和窮人。縱然作者提及，同樣的教育機(jī)會(huì)也不可能鏟除不平等，因?yàn)樯咸熨x予人之智慧是不可能考慮平等原則，可是作者也提到適者生存、強(qiáng)權(quán)即公理。貴族政治可讀成英才教育。這已說(shuō)明英才指的是貴族的英才。第四段進(jìn)一步指出有錢(qián)的人首先要做的就是給子女一個(gè)良好的教育機(jī)會(huì)。而私立學(xué)校的教育質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)于公立學(xué)校。有錢(qián)人家的有能力的孩子成功機(jī)遇就高。財(cái)產(chǎn)還可用于政治目的，要成為民主國(guó)家的領(lǐng)袖就得有雄厚的財(cái)力支持。錢(qián)財(cái)和過(guò)去一樣強(qiáng)有力。即使在以社會(huì)平等為原則的社會(huì)中，私立學(xué)校被禁，酬勞還是以人的能力為準(zhǔn)，大量需要有技能的工作人員，而差勁的人沒(méi)有人關(guān)注。天才的孩子予以仔細(xì)而又及其昂貴的培養(yǎng)以成為未來(lái)的統(tǒng)治者?？傊?，政治意識(shí)歸結(jié)為同一個(gè)東西階級(jí)劃分存在，不論你是為封建帝王統(tǒng)治，還是為受過(guò)教育的農(nóng)民統(tǒng)治，從這里看，作者的class division指的是a項(xiàng)。b.人們不同的機(jī)遇。c.壓迫者和被壓迫者。d.天才和笨蛋。dfaced with a tough job market, fresh graduates are dreaming of running their own businesses insteadbut a recent survey has showed that such ambitions lack the required support and remain just thatdreamsthe shanghai municipal employment promotion center poll of 1,276 graduates in several universities and colleges in the city, released last friday, showed 5978 percent of respondents considered the possibility of setting up a company or at least a small store but they just stop at the thinking stage, it statedrespondents put the top reasons for not going it alone down to a shortage of investment and a lack of business opportunitythey also listed lack of business experience and social networks, the need tor advanced study and objections from family members as factors that stood in their waymore than 90 percent of the interviewees said they would rather take up a job after graduating and then consider starting their own business two or three years down the roadguo bing, a senior student in shanghai international studies university majoring in english, decided he wanted to be his own boss last yearbut he is looking for a job first if i fail to find a satisfying job, i would like to establish a company in exhibition services, guo saidthe shanghai native has some relatives working in a local printing plantwith their help, guo hopes to produce exhibition brochures(小冊(cè)子） at a relatively low pricehe is also confident that his english language skills can help him do well in the industry social networking is an important factor leading to business success, guo said guo said that the shortage of graduate jobs is the main reason driving more university students to set up a business right after their graduationjiang said the university sets up a business guide learn made of government officials and professionalsthey regularly give training courses to students who show an interest in having their own businessthe parents of university graduates are more willing to help their children start up alone, the survey showedonce you win the support of your family, you have won half the battle, guo added16which of the following can be the best title?aa tough job market bgraduates dream of being bosscthe ambitious fresh graduates d, the story ot guo bing17which of the following does not stop fresh graduates realizing their dreams of being bosses?athe lack of business opportunity and investmentbthe shortage of business experience.cless skilled english languagedtheir family members objections18in the view of guo bing, what is the key factor -that makes fresh graduates dream of being boss soon after graduation?atheir family dont support thembtheir social networking is not goodcthere are not enough graduate jobs dthey want to achieve greater success19all the following statements are true about guo bing except _ahe has started his own business with the help of his relativesbenglish is his major in the universityche is trying to find a job which can satisfies himdhe is a shanghai native20who is this article mostly intended for?athe parents whose child goes to university soon.bthose who will graduate from universitycthose who want to be bossesdthe officials who work in the government【參考答案】1620、bccab閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的a.b.c和d項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。amy newly-rented small apartment was far away from the centre of london and it was becoming essential for me to find a job, so finally i spent a whole morning getting to town and putting my name down to be considered by london transport for a job on the underground. they were looking for guards, not drivers. this suited me. i couldnt drive a car but thought that i could probably guard a train, and perhaps continue to write my poems between stations. the writers keats and chekhov had been doctors. t.s. eliot had worked in a bank and wallace stevens for an insurance company. id be a subway guard. i could see myself being cheerful, useful, a good man in a crisis. obviously id be overqualified but i was willing to forget about that in return for a steady income and travel privileges those being particularly welcome to someone living a long way from the city centre.the next day i sat down, with almost a hundred other candidates, for the intelligence test. i must have done all right because after about half an hours wait i was sent into another room for a psychological test. this time there were only about fifty candidates. the interviewer sat at a desk. candidates were signaled forward to occupy the seat opposite him when the previous occupant had been dismissed, after a greater or shorter time. obviously the long interviews were the more successful ones. some of the interviews were as short as five minutes. mine was the only one that lasted a minute and a half.i can remember the questions now: “why did you leave your last job?” “why did you leave your job before that?” “and the one before that?” i cant recall my answers, except that they were short at first and grew progressively shorter. his closing statement, i thought, revealed a lack of sensitivity which helped to explain why as a psychologist, he had risen no higher than the underground railway. “youve failed the psychological test and we are unable to offer you a position.”failing to get that job was my low point. or so i thought, believing that the work was easy. actually, such jobs being a postman is another one i still desire demand exactly the sort of elementary yet responsible awareness that the habitual dreamer is least qualified to give. but i was still far short of full self-understanding. i was also short of cash.1the writer applied for the job chiefly because _.ahe wanted to work in the centre of london bhe could no longer afford to live without oneche was not interested in any other available job dhe had received some suitable training2the writer thought he was overqualified for the job because _.ahe often traveled undergroundbhe had written many poemsche could deal with difficult situations dhe had worked in a company3the length of his interview meant that _.ahe was not going to be offered the job bhe had not done well in the intelligence testche did not like the interviewer at all dhe had little work experience to talk about4what does the writer realize now that he did not realize then?ahow unpleasant ordinary jobs can be. bhow difficult it is to be a poet.chow unsuitable he was for the job.dhow badly he did in the interview.5whats the writers opinion of the psychologist?a. he was very aggressive. b. he was unhappy with his job.c. he was quite inefficient. d. he was rather unsympathetic.【參考答案】15、bcacd 閱讀理解-ba woman renewing her drivers license at the county clerks office was asked to state her occupation. she hesitated, uncertain how to classify herself. “what i mean is,” explained the recorder, “do you have a job, or are you just a ”“of course i have a job,” said emily. “im a mother.”“we dont list mother as an occupation housewife covers it,” said the recorder.one day i found myself in the same situation. the clerk was obviously a career woman, confident and possessed of a high sounding title“what is your occupation?” she asked. the words simply popped out. “im a research associate in the field of child development and human relations.”the clerk paused, ballpoint pen frozen in midair.i repeated the title slowly, and then i stared with wonder as my statement was written in bold, black ink on the official questionnaire.“might i ask,” said the clerk with new interest, “just what you do in this field?”coolly, without any trace of panic in my voice, i heard myself reply, “i have a continuing program of research (what mother doesnt）, in the lab and in the field (normally i would have said indoors and out). of course, the job is one of the most demanding in the humanities (any mother care to disagree?), and i often work 14 hours a day (24 is more like it). but the job is more challenging than most careers and rewards are more of a satisfaction rather than just money.”there was an increasing note of respect in the clerks voice as she completed the form, stood up, and showed me out. as i drove into our driveway