江蘇省南京市秦淮區(qū)高考英語 暑假作業(yè) 基礎訓練（6） (2).doc

南京市秦淮區(qū)2014高考英語（暑假基礎訓練（6）附答案.完形填空this idea is known as “the selffulfilling prophecy”when you believe the team will perform well, in some strange, magical way they do.and _1_, when you believe they wont perform well, they dont.there is enough experimental _2_ to suggest that the selffulfilling prophecy is true.one unusual_3_in 1911 concerned a very clever horse called hans.this horse had the reputation for being able to_4_, multiply, subtract, and divide by tapping out the answer with its hooves.the extraordinary thing was that it could do this without its trainer being present.it only needed someone to put the_5_.on investigation, it was found that when the questioner knew the answer, he or she_6_various very subtle body language clues to hans such as the raising of an eyebrow or the dilation(擴大)of the nostrils(鼻孔)hans simply picked up on these clues and continued_7_until he arrived at the required answer.the questioner expected a (an)_8_and hans obliged.in similar vein, an experiment was carried out at a british school into the_9_ of a new intake of pupils.at the start of the year, the pupils were each given a rating, _10_from“excellent prospect”to “unlikely to do well”these were totally_11_ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed.nevertheless, these ratings were given to the teachers.at the end of the year, the experimenters_12_the pupils performance with the ratings.despite their_13_abilities, there was an astonishingly high_14_between performance and ratings.it seems that people perform as well as we_15_them to.【文章大意】本文講述試驗者通過對馬和小學生的調查實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)自我實現(xiàn)預言是真有這么回事這也是皮格馬利翁效應. 1a.hopefully bsimilarlycsuddenly dfortunately解析: 選b. 前后兩種情況是類似的, 故選b. 2a.outcome bwaycdata dprocedure解析: 選c. 表示有足夠的資料可以證明自我實現(xiàn)預言是真的, 故選c. 3a.experiment bmethodcchoice dexperience解析: 選a. 根據(jù)前面experimental.可知應是一個非同尋常的實驗, 故選a. 4a.count baddcspeak dthink解析: 選b. 加、減、乘、除中的加用add, 故選b. 5a.problems banswerscclues dquestions解析: 選d. 與前面the answer對應的是questions, 故選d. 6a.sent out bgave outchanded out dlet out解析: 選a. 這里要表示的是提問的人向hans傳遞各種各樣的微妙的身體語言提示, 故選a. 7a.counting bbeatingcbiting dtapping解析: 選d. 前面提到hans是靠馬蹄敲出答案, 故選d. 8a.answer bresponsecreply dhelp解析: 選b. 從后面hans obliged提示, 發(fā)問者希望得到hans的響應, 故選b. 9a.study bcharactercperformance dpersonality解析: 選c. 對新入學學生的表現(xiàn)進行實驗, 下面也有提示, 故選c. 10a.distinguishing brangingcdiffering ddividing解析: 選b. range from.to.表示“范圍從到不等”之意, 其他選項表示“區(qū)分”之意. 11a.deliberate bparticularcspecial darbitrary解析: 選d. 根據(jù).did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed.可知應是完全任意的等級評估, 故選d. 12a.compared bprovidedcsupplied dconnected解析: 選a. 這里表示的是“試驗者將學生的表現(xiàn)和等級評價進行對比得出結論”, 而不是進行簡單的聯(lián)系起來, 故選a. 13a.true bauthenticcreal dfalse解析: 選c. 形容一個人有真本事, 應用real, 故選c. 14a.correlation bsimilaritycdifference daccuracy解析: 選a. 實驗者經(jīng)過比較發(fā)現(xiàn): 學生的表現(xiàn)與等級評價有驚人的高相關度, 故選a. 15a.want bordercexpect dpersuade解析: 選c. 與第一段相呼應, 我們希望人們表現(xiàn)好他們就會表現(xiàn)好, 即你認為哪個隊會贏它就會贏, 故選c. *結束單項選擇1(2012山東省實驗中學診斷)is tony the student awarded at the graduation ceremony in your class?there is _ tony，but im afraid he isnt _ one you mentioned.athe；theba；ac/；the da；the解析：選d?？疾楣谠~用法。答句句意：有一個名叫tony的人，但恐怕不是你提到的那個人。第一空是泛指，第二空是特指，故選d。2(2012山東省實驗中學模擬)quancheng square is one of _ largest in china，_ second to tiananmen square.athe；the bthe；ac/；the dthe；/解析：選d?？疾楣谠~。在形容詞的最高級前面加the，表示特指；如果序數(shù)詞后沒有直接跟名詞，則不需要加the。結合題意可知，應選d。3(2012濰坊1月份訓練)call _ steward over the next time you see him.im having _ hard time with my seat belt.a/；the bthe；aca；/ d/；a解析：選b?？疾楣谠~用法。第一空表示特指；time前有形容詞修飾時用不定冠詞a，have a hard time意為“度過困難時期”。故選b項。4(2012青島第二次統(tǒng)一檢測)the incident turned him into _ different person，even if he did not realize it at _ beginning.aa；a bthe；thecthe；a da；the解析：選d?？疾楣谠~用法。句意：這件事把他變成了一個不同的人，即使起初他并沒有意識到這一點。第一空表示泛指，故用不定冠詞a；at the beginning意為“從一開始”，是固定短語，所以第二空用定冠詞the。故選d項。5(2012淄博模擬)its _ second time in five days that he has asked me for _ higher pay.a/；a ba；thecthe；a dthe；the解析：選c?？疾楣谠~用法。由語境知，這是五天里他第二次向“我”要求加薪，第一個空the用于序數(shù)詞之前，表“第二次”；第二個空表泛指。故c項正確。6(2012臨沂質量檢測)if i were in _ position of the mayor，i wouldnt allow _ factory like this standing on the bank of the yangtze river.athe；a bthe；/ca；the d/；the解析：選a?？疾楣谠~。in the position of.為固定搭配，意為“處在的位置”；第二空表示“允許一個像這樣的工廠”，故用不定冠詞a。即a項正確。7(2012德州模擬)have you seen _ umbrella i left here?no，but i will keep _ eye out for it if possible.athe；an ban；thecthe；the dan；/解析：選a?？疾楣谠~用法。第一空“i left here”作先行詞umbrella的定語從句，表特指，故用the；keep an eye out for意為“留意，當心”。故a項正確。8(2012聊城模擬)having lived in china for 8 years，helen has a good _ of both english and chinese.aprogram bguidanceccommand dability解析：選c。考查名詞詞義辨析。program意為“計劃；程序；節(jié)目”；guidance意為“指導”；command意為“命令；掌握”；ability意為“能力”。句意：helen在中國生活了8年，因此他精通英語和中文。have a good command.意為“精通”，符合題意。9(2012合肥市第二次質量檢測)being able to speak another language fluently could be a great_ when you are looking for a job.aadvantage bchancecassistance dimportance解析：選a?？疾槊~辨析。從句意“能夠流利地講一門外語在找工作時是一種優(yōu)勢?！笨芍xa項advantage“優(yōu)勢”。b項表示“機會”；c項表示“幫助，援助”；d項表示“重要性”，都與語意不符。10(2012青島第二次統(tǒng)一檢測)we should bear in mind that social development and balance of nature should go in _.acompany bsympathycassociation dharmony解析：選d?？疾榻樵~in搭配的短語辨析。句意：我們要牢記社會發(fā)展和自然平衡保持一致。in harmony意為“和諧一致”，符合語境。in company意為“一同；一起”；in sympathy意為“同情；贊成”；in association意為“聯(lián)合；有關聯(lián)”。故選d項。*結束honey(蜂蜜)from the african forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. most people, and many animals, like eating it. however, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest(巢)and take the honey from it. often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. in parts of africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper-a little bird called a honey guide. the honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax (蜂蠟) in once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. when they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. the birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. they will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.56. why is it difficult to find a wild bees nest?a. its small in size.b. its hidden in trees.c. its covered with wax.d. its hard to recognize.57. what do the words the follower in paragraph 2 refer to?a. a bee. b. a bird.c. a honey seeker. d. a beekeeper.58. the honey guide is special in the way _.a. it gets its foodb. it goes to churchc. it sings in the forestd. it reaches into bees nests59. what can be the best title for the text?a. wild bees b. wax and honeyc. beekeeping in africad. honey-lovers helper bcad *結束about twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. although our act would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.we all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. the director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. a big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in snow. two more fans were turned on, and a strong wind blew through the trees. the picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.the next scene was a complete contrast (對比). the way it was filmed was quite unusual. pictures taken on an island in the pacific were shown on a glass screen (幕). an actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the waters edge on an island. by a trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue,clear skies had been brought into the studio!since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. for a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film stars!60. who is the author?a. a cameraman.b. .a film director.c. a crowd-scene actor.d. a workman for scene setting.61. what made the author feel cold?a. the heavy snowfall.b. the man-made scene.c. the low temperature.d. the film being shown.62. what would happen in the three minutes mentioned in the last paragraph?a. a new scene would be filmed.b. more stars would act in the film.c. the author would leave the studio.d. the next scene would be prepared.參考答案-cba *結束last night i was driving from harrisburg to lewisburg，a distance of about eighty miles. it was late. several times i got stuck behind a slow-moving tuck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and i became increasingly impatient.at one point along an open road, i came to a crossing with a traffic light. i was alone on the road by now, but as i drove near the light, it turned red and i made a stop. i looked left, right and behind me. nothing. not a car, no suggestion of car lamps, but there i sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.i started wondering why i refused to run the light. i was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.much later that night, the question of why id stopped for that light came back to me. i think i stopped because its part of a contract(契約)we all have with each other. its not only the law, but it is an agreement we have, and we taut each other to honor it: we dont go through red lights.trust is our first inclination(傾向).doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. the whole construction of our society depends on mutual(相互)trust, not distrust .we do what we say well do; we show up when we say well show up; and we pay when we say well pay. we trust each other in these matters, and were angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.i was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.63. why did the author get impatient while driving?a. he was lonely on the road.b. he was slowed down by a truck.c. he got tired of driving too long.d. he came across too many traffic lights.64. what was the authors immediate action when the traffic light turned red?a. stopping still.b. driving through it.c. looking around for other cars.d. checking out for traffic police.65. the event made the author strongly believe that _.a. traffic rules may be unnecessaryb. doubting others is human naturec. patience is important to driversd. a society needs mutual trust66. why was the author proud of himself?a. he kept his promise.b. he held back his anger.c. he followed his inclination.d. he made a right decision.參考答案-badc *結束 why i dont spare “spare change” “poor but honest.” “the deserving (值得幫助的) poor.” these words always come to my mind when i think of “the poor.” but i also think of people who, perhaps through alcohol (酒) or drugs, have ruined not only their own lives but also the lives of others in order to give way to their own pleasure. perhaps alcoholism and drug addiction (上癮) really are “diseases,” as many people say, but my own feeling-based, of course, not on any serious study-is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the “undeserving poor.” and that is largely why i dont give spare change to beggars. but surely among the street people there are also some who can rightly be called “deserving.” deserving what? my spare change? or simply the governments assistance? it happens that i have been brought up to believe that it is proper to make contributions to charity (慈善機構), but if i give some change to a beggar, am i making a contribution to charity and thereby helping someone, or, am i perhaps simply encouraging someone not to get help? or, maybe even worse, am i supporting a cheat? if one believes in the value of private charity, one can either give to needy people or to charitable organizations. in giving to a beggar one may indeed be helping a person who badly needs help, but one cannot be certain that one is giving to a needy person. in giving to an organization, on the other hand, one can feel that ones money is likely to be used wisely. true, facing a beggar one may feel that this particular unfortunate person needs help at this moment-a cup of coffee or a sandwich-and the need will not be